英语定语从句深度解析:关系代词与关系副词完全指南

Relative Clauses Explained

一、定语从句的分类

1. 限定性定语从句

对先行词起限定作用,不可省略。

The man who told me this refused to give his name.(告诉我这件事的人拒绝说出他的名字。)

2. 非限定性定语从句

对先行词补充说明,用逗号隔开,不可用that。

My father, who is 60, still works hard.(我父亲60岁了,仍然努力工作。)

二、关系代词的选择

who:先行词为人

which:先行词为物

that:人或物均可(限定性从句)

whose:表示所属关系

whom:作宾语(正式)

三、只能用that的情况

  • 先行词被最高级修饰:This is the best book that I have ever read.
  • 先行词被the only/very/first/last修饰
  • 先行词既有人又有物
  • 先行词是不定代词(all, everything, nothing等)

四、介词+关系代词

The house in which he lives is very old. = The house which he lives in is very old.