Rudiment

(noun.) the remains of a body part that was functional at an earlier stage of life; 'Meckel's diverticulum is the rudiment of the embryonic yolk sac'.

(noun.) the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); 'he mastered only the rudiments of geometry'.

整理:纳特

• A mere tendency to produce a rudiment is indeed sometimes thus inherited. 查尔斯·达尔文. 物种起源.
• Their bodies were smaller and lighter in color, and their fingers and toes bore the rudiments of nails, which were entirely lacking among the males. 埃德加·赖斯·巴勒斯. 火星公主.
• On their arrival the Jew clothed the boy handsomely and instructed him in the first rudiments of his art. 哈里特·威尔逊. 哈里特·威尔逊回忆录.
• Geography, as often taught, illustrates the former; mathematics, beyond the rudiments of figuring, the latter. 约翰·杜威. 民主与教育.
• The petals in the imperfect flowers almost always consist of mere rudiments, and the pollen-grains are reduced in diameter. 查尔斯·达尔文. 物种起源.
• But I, who had more experience, could plainly observe some rudiments of it among the wild _Yahoos_. 乔纳森·斯威夫特. 格列佛游记.
• Meantime better instruments had been secured, and the rudiments of telegraphy had been fairly mastered. 弗兰克·刘易斯·戴尔. 爱迪生的生平和发明.
• He was the first-born of Newland and May Archer, yet it had never been possible to inculcate in him even the rudiments of reserve. 伊迪丝·华顿. 纯真年代.
• It is, nevertheless, a frequent practice to start in instruction with the rudiments of science somewhat simplified. 约翰·杜威. 民主与教育.
• Nevertheless, in the Seraphic creature with the haymaking rake, were clearly to be discerned the rudiments of the Patriarch with the list shoes. 查尔斯·狄更斯. 小杜丽.
• For the workers of Myrmica have not even rudiments of ocelli, though the male and female ants of this genus have well-developed ocelli. 查尔斯·达尔文. 物种起源.

拜伦整理