关系代词有who, whom, whose, which和that。这些代词用于连接主句和从句,并在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。
- Who:用作主语,指代人。例如:The girl who is singing is my sister.(正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。)
- Whom:用作宾语,指代人。例如:The man whom I met yesterday is a doctor.(我昨天见到的那个男人是个医生。)
- Whose:用作定语,表示所属关系,指代人或事物。例如:The boy whose bag was stolen is my friend.(被偷的那个男孩是我的朋友。)
- Which:用作主语、宾语或定语,指代事物。例如:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。)
- That:用作主语、宾语或定语,指代人或事物。例如:The car that I bought last week is very expensive.(我上周买的那辆车非常贵。)
关系副词也用于连接主句和从句,但它们在从句中不充当任何成分。常见的关系副词有where, when和why。
- Where:表示地点,用于修饰地点状语从句。例如:This is the school where I study.(这是我学习的学校。)
- When:表示时间,用于修饰时间状语从句。例如:That was the day when we met.(那是我们相遇的那一天。)
- Why:表示原因,用于修饰原因状语从句。例如:That's the reason why I didn't go.(那就是我没去的原因。)
英语关系代词的用法要点
1. 关系代词用于连接主句和从句,引导从句作为主句的一个修饰成分。
2. 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。其中,who和whom用于指人,which用于指物,而that既可指人也可指物。
3. 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、或定语。例如:
- This is the person who called you.(主语)
- The book which I bought is very interesting.(定语)
- He is the man that I saw in the park.(宾语)
4. 当关系代词作为宾语时,可以省略。例如:
- The girl (who/that) I met is my friend.
5. 关系代词whose用于指物或人的所有关系,相当于“...的”。例如:
- The car whose tires were flat was towed away.
6. 关系代词whom用于指人的宾格,常常用于非正式场合可以省略。例如:
- The man whom I met yesterday is a doctor.
- The man I met yesterday is a doctor.
7. 关系代词which和that可以用于指物,用法相似,但which更常用于非限制性定语从句。例如:
- The book which/that is on the table is mine.(限制性定语从句)
- The book, which is on the table, is mine.(非限制性定语从句)
8. 当关系代词在从句中作为介词的宾语时,必须使用介词+关系代词的结构。例如:
- The person with whom I went to the party is my cousin.
需要注意的是,关系代词的选择和使用要根据具体的语境和句子结构来确定。