狗狗基本训练步骤？英文双语对照

我们人学东西的时候主要靠听对方的语言表达，然后在自己大脑里进行理解消化，之后再转化成为我们身体的具体行为。而狗学人教的东西时，主要是根据人当时让它的身体行为发生了具体变化以后，才记住后面的指令信息，简单讲就是，人靠脑袋理解，狗靠身体理解。

狗最终要听懂人的训练指令，背后的具体行为规则意图，需要经过以下四个步骤。

第一个步骤：狗是如何判断要不要做的。

当人对狗说一个指令时，实际上狗的身体当时就处在了两个行为方式的选择状态，要么听人的指令跟着人要求的规则去做；要么不听人的指令按照它自己当下的想法去做。

而它听到人的指令以后，到底选择哪个结果，主要是依据它身体当时感受上的反差是难受还是舒服来判断的，如果不听它的身体会感受到难受，那么它就不会选择自己当时的行为意图，而会主动去选择听人的，如果听了人的之后还有好处，让它的身体更舒服，那么它就会更愿意选择去听人的指令。这就是狗的"趁利避害"原理。

如果你要它做什么，你得用身体去帮助它的身体去完成这个事，然后在它正执行、或者刚刚执行结束时让它的身体感受到舒服；如果你不想让它做什么，你得在它正想做和正在做的时候给它的身体瞬间性的难受感，这个时候它的大脑才会对人传达给它的具体行为结果产生要做还是不要做的第一判断。这也是狗在接受人的指令规则训练过程中判断要不要听人指令的唯一依据。

基于狗的判断原理来看待我们人的训练过程的本质，实际上就是一个一方面要在狗不听你指令的当下给狗身体制造难受感，同时又在准备好它一旦听了就要奖励它的临界状态，是人的身体行为随时处在狗不听时你能立即给难受的刺激，狗听了你又能立即给它舒服的刺激的状态。而这里面大家要学习和练习的能力就是如何判断狗听还是不听，如何掌握时机和刺激的大小，即不能错过给它制造难受刺激的准确时机，又不能错过给它奖励刺激的时机，制造刺激时，即不能让狗感受不到刺激，又不能让狗在感受刺激的时候受到硬性伤害等等。

比如我们在教狗狗摸脸这个动作训练的时候，我们一般用透明胶带放在狗脸上让它难受，这时它就会本能的用手去摸脸，我们在它摸脸的同时，下"摸摸脸"的口令，然后它只要手抬起来摸了脸，我们马上就给它一个奖励，反复几次，狗自然就明白摸摸脸是什么意思了。而这个训练的过程中，胶带不能用黏性太强了，不然撕下来可能把狗狗脸上的毛都扯下来了，那这样对狗就产生实际伤害了。

再比如我们训练原地靠，我们用脚尖去踩狗的后脚，它因为难受就会躲开，这时我们用牵引绳引导它往我们身边躲，同时下"靠"的口令，如果它躲着躲着刚好躲到我们身边了，我们马上给奖励，反复几次，它就明白靠的意思了。这时我们踩它的力度就很重要，如果我们踩得太重了，那么可能会把它踩伤，但是踩得太轻，它又可能感受不到难受，不会主动去避开进行调整，

最后再比如我们制止狗扑人，我们一般在它仆人的时候用膝盖顶它前胸，同时说no的口令，如果顶的力度太小，它可能会觉得我们和它闹着玩，会扑得更凶，但是如果顶的力度太大，可能把它顶飞出去，让它受伤。

所以，刺激的大小是训练的关键，不能舍不得刺激，又不能刺激太大把狗弄伤。

第二个步骤：狗是如何确认到底要怎么做的。

狗对人的训练指令意图背后具体规则的确认方式，也是靠它当时身体姿势最后是变成什么样子而得到的身体舒服感来确认的，这就是我们常说的人该如何给狗的行为定规则，同时也是狗的终点记忆原理。

简单讲就是，你最后把它的身体姿势具体摆弄成一个什么样的形状才罢休，在停止继续摆弄它身体的那个瞬间，狗的身体是不是得到了瞬间性的舒服感，这里面我们对狗身体当下的舒服感的理解是相对于它在被你摆弄时来对比的，也就是说，你在摆弄它的过程中，狗的身体一直是不舒服的，一旦你停止摆弄它的身体，它的身体就立即得到一个瞬间性的舒服感。

我们还是拿前面的原地靠的训练举例子，我们再用合适的力度去踩它时，它调整的最终位置是否符合我们的规则，也就是平行靠于我们身体侧面，如果没有达到我们的规则要求，那么我们就不能给予奖励刺激，而是应该继续去刺激它让它调整，直到它调整到了我们要求的位置，这时候我们应该马上把奖励的食物或者其他诱导物塞给它。如果最终调整位置不对，我们就奖励它了，那么它就会记住得到奖励时它的那个身体状态，以后就会按照那个状态去调整，而如果我们奖励慢了，它可能又理解不了我们究竟是要它干什么。

第三个步骤：狗是如何记住要怎么做的。

狗要记住你训练的具体行为规则，主要是靠人让它重复完成同一个指令信号下的同一个身体姿势规则，就是人要去重复摆弄它的身体到最后那个确认的结果。这就是狗的记忆规律中的重复率。

这个很简单，就是我们多次去按照我们的要求对它进行重复的训练，知道它完全理解并记住我们的口令，并且在没有刺激的时候也能听我们的口令来做。

再拿前面的原地靠来举例子，我们多次对狗进行训练，直到狗能在我们不踩它，同时也不给它奖励的时候，只要我们一下口令，它就能靠好，那么狗就记住了"靠"这个口令的意思了。

第四个步骤：狗是怎么理解在哪都要这么做的。

狗要在大脑里理解在哪听到那个指令都要这样做的唯一条件就是，我们人先要亲历亲为带它到各种环境场景下都完成以上三个步骤，让它对我们说的同样一个指令对应它的具体身体规则加入丰富的环境变化元素，也就是说，要让狗在哪里都记得你说的那个指令到底要它身体怎么做的规则的话，就是你得带它到哪里都去重复训练。这就是狗的场景记忆原理。

还是拿原地靠来举例子，我们先在家里让狗明白了原地靠的指令及它听到指令后要做的动作，然后我们到户外，在小区里也按上面的步骤让它重复熟悉，出了小区，在人行道上也同样重复几次，到了公园也重复几次，只要有3个以上的场景都让狗狗重复做到了，那么狗就可以产生长久记忆了。之后我们只要在任何新的场景，多说几次口令，它也就会回想起来这个口令的意思，然后就会按照之前学会的去做到了。

狗理解人的训练指令背后意图的基本步骤，最关键的是我们人要清楚，教狗的过程完全是要靠自己身体动手亲历亲为去让狗的身体一一完成我们制定的具体规则的过程，不是我们人站着对它说话，等狗自己身体去变化的过程，我们在训练过程中对它说指令的目的，不是让狗自己去做，而是我们通过自己的身体对狗的身体行为摆弄成功以后，让狗记住那些行为规则的声音信号就是这个指令，等狗身体行为对规则适应和熟悉以后，我们人只要说这个指令信号，它就能对应起具体要执行的规则了。

The language that when our person learns a thing, basically relies on to listen to the other side is conveyed, undertake understanding digestive in him cerebra next, the specific action that makes our body is changed again later. And when the dog learns the thing that the person teachs, basically be the body action that allows it at that time according to the person after producing material change, just learn the instruction information from the back, be told simply even if, the person relies on head understanding, the dog relies on body understanding.

The dog should understand training instruction of the person finally, the intent of specific action regulation of backside, need course is the following 4 measure.

The first measure: How does the dog judge otherwise to want to do.

When the person says a statement to the dog, actually the body of the dog lay at that time the option position of two behavior means, or listens the regulation that the person's instruction follows a person to ask goes doing; Or does not listen the person's instruction is done according to the idea of itself instantly.

And after it hears the person's statement, choose which result after all, advocate if experience the contrast that go up at that time according to its body,be afflictive comfortable still will judge, if do not listen to its body to be able to feel,get afflictive, so it won't choose itself the behavior intent at that time, and can choose to listen to a person actively, if listened to a person later still have profit, the body that invites it better off, so the instruction that it can be willing to choose to listen to a person more. This takes the advantage of benefit to avoid with respect to the " that is a dog kill " principle.

If you want it what to do, the body that you must help it with the body goes completing this work, carrying out in it next, the body that it invites when just perhaps carrying out an end is experienced comfortable; If you do not want to let it what do, the afflictive feeling of the body instant sex that you are considering to do and giving it when do in it, the first judgement that the generation of specific action result that its cerebra just meets this moment communicate it to the person should be done or does not make. This also is a dog the only basis that the judgement in accepting instruction regulation of the person to train a process wants not to listen to a person to dictate.

The judgement that is based on a dog waits for the trains a process essence of our person in light of the principle, it is an instantly that should not listen to you to dictate in the dog on one hand actually body giving a dog makes afflictive sense, be in again at the same time the critical condition that once listened to be about to reward it,prepares it, when the body action that is a person does not let at the dog at any time, you can give afflictive stimulation instantly, the dog listened the state that you can give it comfortable stimulation instantly again. And how everybody should learn inside this and the ability of the exercise judges a dog to listen namely or do not listen, how to grasp opportunity and exciting magnitude, cannot miss the accurate opportunity that creates afflictive stimulation to it namely, cannot miss it to reward exciting opportunity again, when production stimulation, cannot let a dog do not experience stimulation namely, cannot let a dog be waited a moment when experiencing stimulation by rigid harm again.

For instance we touch a face in dog teaching a dog when this movement trains, we are put on dog face to make it afflictive with scotch tape commonly, at this moment it is met use a hand instinctively to touch a face, we touch a face in it while, next " feel the countersign of facial " , next it wants a hand to raise only will touch a face, we give it an award immediately, relapse a few times, dog nature understands touching a face is what meaning. And in the process of this training, adhesive plaster cannot use stickiness too strong, rip the Mao Dou that comes down to get on dog dog face possibly to be pulled otherwise, that produces real harm to the dog so.

Again for instance we train place to lean, we step on the rear foot of the dog with tiptoe, because it is afflictive can sheer, at this moment we guide it to go to with drawing rope hide beside us, rely on the countersign of " with nowadays " , if it is hiding,just hide to the side of us, we give award immediately, relapse a few times, it understands the meaning that lean. At this moment the strength that we step on it is very fundamental, if we walk too again, may step on it so, but walk too gently, it may be not experienced again afflictive, won't keep away from actively undertake adjustment,

Finally again for instance we check the dog attacks person, we are in commonly its lackey when carry its prothorax on the head with knee, say the countersign of No at the same time, if very strength is too small, it may feel we and it is sportive, can attack more fiercely, but if very strength is too great, the likelihood flies off its top, let it get hurt.

So, exciting size is the key of training, cannot hate to part with stimulation, cannot stimulate too big dog to be done again.

The 2nd measure: The dog is to affirm what how should do after all.

The dog dictates to the person's training intent backside is specific and regular confirm pattern, also be to rely on it body pose is final at that time it is the body that what turn into appearance and gets comfortable move will affirm, this is the behavior established rule or practice that how should the person that we often say give a dog criterion, the terminus that also is a dog at the same time remembers a principle.

Be told simply even if, you are final the body pose it is specific move back and forth to just stop into a what kind of appearance, stopping to continue to move back and forth that instant of its body, the body of the dog got the comfortable feeling of instantaneous sex, we are right inside this when be being moved back and forth by you at it relatively, the understanding of the comfortable feeling of dog body instantly comes to contrast, that is to say, you are moving back and forth in its process, the body of the dog is uncomfortable all the time, once you stop to move back and forth its body, its body gets the comfortable feeling of an instant sex instantly.

We or the training that take the place in front to lean cite case, when the strength with our appropriate reoccupy goes stepping on it, whether does the final position that it adjusts accord with our regulation, namely parallel leans at our body flank, if do not have the regular requirement that achieves us, so we cannot give award stimulation, should continue to stimulate it to let it adjust however, adjusted the position that we ask till it, at that time we should a place of strategic importance of other perhaps and lead content gives the award food on the horse it. If adjust the position finally incorrect, we reward it, so its that body condition when it can remember receiving award, can be adjusted later according to that condition, and if our award became slow, it may not understand us again is to want it what to do after all.

The 3rd measure: The dog remembers wanting how to be done.

The specific action that the dog should remember you training is regular, advocate if rely on a person to let it repeat,finish same what command signal falls is same a body pose regulation, it is the body that the person should weigh compound pendulum to do it to finally that affirmed result. This is the repetition rate in the memorial rule of the dog.

This is very simple, it is us go asking to undertake to it reduplicative trains according to ours for many times, know it understands completely and remember our password, and be in be done without the countersign that we also can listen to when stimulating.

Take the place in front to rely on to cite case again, we undertake training to the dog for many times, can not step on it in us till the dog, when also be not being rewarded to it at the same time, want us only countersign, it can have leaned, so the dog remembered " relies on " the meaning of this countersign.

The 4th measure: The dog is to understand to want which so do.

The only requirement that the dog should understand to hear that instruction to want such doing which in cerebrum is, our person should kiss all previous to arrive to take it in person below all sorts of environment setting first overfulfil 3 measure, those who let it say to us is same its specific body regulation joins an instruction correspondence rich environmental change element, that is to say, if that instruction that should let a dog be written down so that you say where wants the regulation that how its body makes after all, it is you repeat training so that take it to go where. This remembers a principle with respect to the setting that is a dog.

Still take place to rely on to cite case, the instruction that the dog let understand place leans in our preexistence home and it hears the motion that should make after the instruction, next we arrive outdoors, also let it repeat by the measure above in the village familiar, gave a village, repeat a few times as much on footpath, went to a park to also repeat a few times, the setting that should have 3 above only lets dog dog repeat accomplished, so the dog can produce long memory. We should be in only later any new setting, say countersign a few times more, it also can answer the meaning that thinks this countersign, meet next according to before of the society go accomplishing.

The dog understands the basic measure of intent of training instruction backside, the most crucial is our person should be clear about, the course that teachs a dog is to should rely on him body to start work completely the procedure that close all previous allows the body of the dog to finish the specific regulation that we draft one by one to go in person, either our person is standing to talk to it, wait for him dog the process that the body goes to changing, we say the goal of the instruction to it in training a process, not be to let him dog do, however the body that we pass ourselves moves back and forth to the body behavior of the dog after the success, letting a dog remember the sound signal of those behavior regulation is this instruction, after behavior of body waiting for a dog suits to regulation and be familiar with, our person should say this command signal only, it can corresponding case specific want executive regulation.