侗族非物质文化遗产？英文双语对照

    自国务院发出《关于加强文化遗产保护的通知》以来，非物质文化遗产得到了各级政府的高度重视和社会各界的广泛关注。侗族“非遗”的保护与传承由此开展了系列工作。

首先，重视对“非遗”的收集与入馆保存。目前，侗族地区的贵州黔东南州民族博物馆、湖南怀化市博物馆以及广西三江、湖南通道、贵州黎平、从江和榕江等县的博物馆、文化馆如都数量不等收集、保持有与侗族“非遗”相关的器物、照片、录音、影像等。

其次是借鉴生态博物馆模式予以保护。生态博物馆模式“是对社区的自然遗产和文化遗产进行整体保护的一种博物馆新形式”，是一种以村寨社区为单位，没有围墙的“活体博物馆”。它强调保护和保存文化遗产的真实性、完整性和原生性。目标是在使用中传承，保存的不仅是过去的历史，而且以文化生态的保护和发展为目标，把历史和未来联系起来，以尽量避免因生境的改变而变得时代化，从而破坏和丢失民族社区的文化记忆。至今在侗族地区建有贵州黎平县堂安侗族生态博物馆（2002年与挪威合作建成）、广西三江侗族生态博物馆（2004）、贵州黎平地扪侗族人文生态博物馆（2005）。

三是重视侗族地区“民族文化进课堂”进行传承。主要内容是双语(汉语和侗语)学习、侗族大歌等侗族音乐、舞蹈的传习；侗族手工艺的教授。

四是充分利用节庆、民俗活动表演、展示和传承侗族“非遗”。有“百节之乡”美誉的侗族地区，一年之内节日连连，较有影响的如侗年、“大戊梁”歌会、“六月六”歌会、小广“头卯”婚礼等，政府组织的“哆耶”文化旅游节、中国侗族鼓楼文化艺术节等在这方面都起到了积极的效应。五是树立和培养传承人来传延保护侗族“非遗”。

根据《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》第二十九至第三十一条的规定，截至2011 年6 月，黔湘桂三省区侗族“非遗”代表性传承人申报、认定国家级18 人、省区级54人，市县级则更多，如时贵州黔东南州认定了25人。各级政府每年给予代表性传承人3000 －10000 元不等的资金，支持他们每年开展不少于3 个月的传承活动。

四是通过发展文化产业进行保护传承。随着我国文化产业相关政策的出台以及地方促进经济文化发展战略的实施, 湘桂黔侗族地区极为重视文化产业发展，相继出台了民族民间文化遗产保护的地方性法规，在文化基础设施、队伍建设、方式创新等方面开展了积极的工作，

如黎平“黎平·中国侗族鼓楼文化艺术节”、三江 “文化旅游节——多耶程阳桥”、锦屏“瑶白侗族摆古节”等节日的举办对于文化的传承弘扬产生了重大影响；

一些侗族地区利用原生态的文化资源发展旅游业产生了积极的经济效益，如通道县以皇都侗文化村、芋头侗寨为龙头推动文化旅游发展，年接待国内游客数十万人。

   Give out from the State Council " the announcement that protects about strengthening culture bequest " since, immaterial culture bequest got the height of various government takes the wide attention with social all circles seriously. The Dong nationality " blame involuntary discharge of urine " protection and inheritance began series work from this.

Above all, take seriously right " blame involuntary discharge of urine " collect with save into the house. Current, the museum of folk of city of Guizhou Guizhou southeast of area of the Dong nationality, Hunan bosom changes city museum and Guangxi house of the Li Ping of passageway of 3 rivers, Hunan, Guizhou, museum that waits for a county from Jiang Herong river, culture if the amount differs collect, .

It is to draw lessons from zoology museum mode to give next protection. Zoology museum mode " the new form of a kind of museum that the natural heritage that is pair of community and culture bequest have whole is protected " , it is one kind is an unit with village community, do not have enclosure " live body museum " . It emphasizes protection and the authenticity that save culture bequest, integrality and original natural disposition. The target is in use inheritance, those who save is the history of the past not only, and it is a target with the protection of culture zoology and development, rise the history and prospective connection, with avoiding to become because of the change of habitat as far as possible the times is changed, be destroyed thereby and lose the culture memory of ethical community. Build in area of the Dong nationality up to now Guizhou goosefoot makes the same score prefectural hall to install museum of zoology of the Dong nationality (built with Norwegian collaboration 2002) , Guangxi museum of zoology of 3 rivers the Dong nationality (2004) , the Dong nationality of stroke of Guizhou goosefoot flat is humanitarian zoology museum (2005) .

3 it is to take area of the Dong nationality seriously " ethical culture enters classroom " undertake inheritance. Main content is bilingual (Chinese and Dong language) the music of the Dong nationality such as old song of study, the Dong nationality, orchestic conducts review; The professor of handicraft of the Dong nationality.

4 it is to make full use of the section is celebrated, folk-custom activity performance, reveal and inheritance the Dong nationality " blame involuntary discharge of urine " . Have " 100 countryside " beautiful praise area of the Dong nationality, a year in festival again and again, more influential like Dong year, " bridge of big the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stem " the song is met, " in June 6 " the song is meeting, little wide " head the fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches " wedding, the government organizes " Duo Ye " section of art of culture of drum-tower of the Dong nationality of culture travel section, China had positive effect in this respect. 5 be establish and foster inheritance person to pass delay protective the Dong nationality " blame involuntary discharge of urine " .

Basis " People's Republic of China is immaterial culture bequest law " the 29th to thirtieth regulation, up to in June 2011, guizhou Hunan laurel the Dong nationality of 3 provinces area " blame involuntary discharge of urine " representative inheritance person is declared, cognizance state level the 18 people, class that visit an area 54 people, city county class is more, city of southeast of Guizhou of the Guizhou when be like held 25 people. Various government gives representative inheritance person every year 3000 - 10000 yuan of capital that differ, support them to develop the inheritance activity of 3 not less than months every year.

4 it is to pass development culture industry to undertake protective inheritance. As industry of our country culture of relevant policy come on stage and the place promotes what economic culture develops the strategy to carry out, area of the Dong nationality of Hunan laurel Guizhou takes culture estate development very seriously, published the local laws and regulations that bequest of ethical folk culture protects in succession, in culture infrastructure, team the respect such as innovation of construction, fashion began active work,

If goosefoot is smooth " section of art of culture of drum-tower of the Dong nationality of China of goosefoot smooth · " , 3 rivers " culture travel section -- bridge of many Ye Cheng Yang " , bright and beautiful screen " precious jade white the Dong nationality places ancient red-letter day " those who wait for a festival hold promote generation to the inheritance of culture;

Area of a few the Dong nationality uses the culture resource of former zoology to developed tourism to produce active economic benefits, if passageway county spends camp of Dong of village, taro with emperor Dou Dongwen,drive culture travel to develop for bibcock, year welcome domestic visitor tens of 10 thousand people.