身边的科学小知识？英文双语对照

科学小知识

冰糕为什么会冒气?

冰糕冒气是因为外界空气中有不少眼睛看不见的水汽，碰到很冷的冰糕时，一遇冷就液化成雾滴包围在冰糕周围，看上去似乎是冰糕在“冒气”一样。

向日葵为什么总是向着太阳?

向日葵的茎部含有一种奇妙的植物生长素。这种生长素非常怕光。一遇光线照射，它就会到背光的一面去，同时它还刺激背光一面的细胞迅速繁殖，所以，背光的一面就比向光的一面生长的快，使向日葵产生了向光性弯曲。

蝉为什么会蜕皮?

蝉的外壳(外骨骼)是坚硬的，不能随着蝉的生长而扩大，当蝉生长到一定阶段时，蝉的外骨骼限制了蝉的生长，蝉将原有的外骨骼脱去，就是蝉蜕。

蜜蜂怎样酿蜜?

蜂先把采来的花朵甜汁吐到一个空的蜂房中，到了晚上，再把甜汁吸到自己的蜜胃里进行调制，然后再吐出来，再吞进去，如此轮番吞吞吐吐，要进行100~240次，最后才酿成香甜的蜂蜜。

鸟怎样睡觉的

白天，鸟儿们在枝头穿梭呜叫，在蓝天下自由飞翔，到了晚上，它们和我们人一样也要休息、睡觉，恢复体力，不过它们睡觉的姿势可是各不相同哦!

美丽的绿头鸭和天鹅们，白天在水中捕食、戏耍，夜晚休息时也离不开它们最爱的水面。它们把优美的长脖子弯曲着，将头埋在翅膀里，然后让自己漂浮在水面上，一边做着美梦，一边随波逐流，好不悠闲。

鹤、鹳、鹭等长腿鸟总是单脚独立而睡，累了再换另一只脚，是劳逸结合的典范。

鹧鸪休息时喜欢成群围成一个大圈，然后一律头朝外尾向内。这样，不管敌人从哪个方向袭来，它们都能及时发现并逃走。

画眉、百灵等叫声悦耳的小鸟，睡觉时通常弯下两腿，爪子则弯曲起来牢牢地抓住枝条，所以不用担心它们会从树上摔下来。

而猫头鹰这种“值夜班”的猛禽，你总能在白天看见它睁一只眼，闭一只眼，站立在浓密的树枝上，其实这时它正在睡觉呢。猫头鹰的睡觉姿势是不是很另类啊，它这样可是为了时刻监视周围环境防备着敌人的袭击哦!

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鱼也会溺死吗

鱼有鳃，可以在水中呼吸，鱼有鳔，可以在水中自由地沉浮。可是，有人说生活在水中的鱼也会溺死，这是真的吗?

虽然这听起来很荒谬，但却是事实。鱼鳔是鱼游泳时的“救生圈”，它可以通过充气和放气来调节鱼体的比重。这样，鱼在游动时只需要最小的肌肉活动，便能在水中保持不沉不浮的稳定状态。不过，当鱼下沉到一定水深(即“临界深度”)后，外界巨大的压力会使它无法再凋节鳔的体积。这时，它受到的浮力小于自身的重力，于是就不由自主地向水底沉去，再也浮不起来了，并最终因无法呼吸而溺死。虽然，鱼还可以通过摆动鳍和尾往上浮，可是如果沉得太深的话，这样做也无济于事。

另一方面，生活在深海的鱼类，由于它们的骨骼能承受很大的压力，所以它们可以在深水中自由地生活。如果我们把生活在深海中的鱼快速弄到“临界深度”以上，由于它身体内部的压力无法与外界较小的压力达到平衡，因此它就会不断地“膨胀”直至浮到水面上。有时，它甚至会把内脏吐出来，“炸裂”而死。

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贪吃孩子变笨

贪吃会降低大脑的血流量

若一次进食过量或一刻不停地进食，会把人体里的大量血液，包括大脑的血液调集到胃肠道来。而充足的血供应是发育前提，如果经常处于缺血状态，其发育必然会受到影响。

贪吃会造成“肥胖脑”

吃得过饱，尤其是进食过量高营养食品，食入的热量就会大大超过消耗的热量，使热能转变成脂肪在体内蓄积。若脑组织的脂肪过多，就会引起“肥胖脑”。研究证实，人的智力与大脑沟回皱褶多少有关，大脑的沟回越明显，皱褶越多，智力水平越高。而肥胖脑使沟回紧紧靠在一起，皱褶消失，大脑皮层呈平滑样，而且神经网络的发育也差，所以，智力水平就会降低。

贪吃会抑制大脑智能区域的生理功能

人的大脑活动方式是兴奋和抑制相互诱导的，即大脑某些部位兴奋了，其相邻部位的一些区域就处于抑制状态，兴奋越加强，周围部位的抑制就越加深，反之亦然。因此，若主管胃肠道消化的植物神经中枢因贪吃过量食物而长时间兴奋，这就必然引起邻近的语言、思维、记忆、想象等大脑智能区域的抑制。这些区域如经常处于抑制状态，智力会越来越差。

贪吃会因便秘而伤害大脑

孩子的零食大多以高营养的精细食品为主，吃了容易发生便秘。便秘时，代谢产物久积于消化道，经肠道细菌作用后产生大量有害物质，容易经肠吸收，进入血液循环，刺激大脑，使脑神经细胞慢性中毒，影响脑的正常发育。

贪吃还会促使大脑早衰

科学家在一项研究中发现，一种能促使大脑早衰的物质--纤维芽细胞生长因子，会因过饱食物而于饭后增加数万倍，这是一种能促使动脉硬化的物质，因而从长远意义上讲，贪吃会使大脑过早衰老。

简单易学的科学小知识

自动旋转的奥秘

思考:装满水的纸盒为什么会转动?

材料:空的牛奶纸盒、钉子、60厘米长的绳子、水槽、水

操作:

1、用钉子在空牛奶盒上扎五个孔

2、一个孔在纸盒顶部的中间，另外四个孔在纸盒四个侧面的左下角

3、将一根大约60厘米长的绳子系在顶部的孔上

4、将纸盒放在盘子上，打开纸盒口，快速地将纸盒灌满水

5、用手提起纸盒顶部的绳子，纸盒顺时针旋转

讲解:水流产生大小相等而方向相反的力，纸盒的四个角均受到这个推力。由于这个力作用在每个侧面的左下角，所以纸盒按顺时针方向旋转

创造:

1、如果在每个侧面的中心扎孔，纸盒会怎样旋转

2、如果孔位于每个侧面的右下角的话，纸盒将向哪个方向旋转

小船与船浆

思考:看过划船吗?亲自动手划过船?知道船在水上为什么会向前移动吗?

材料:剪刀1把、纸板1块、橡皮筋1条、脸盆及水1盆

流程:

1. 剪下长约12厘米×8厘米的硬纸板

2. 一端剪成尖形为船头，另一端中央剪下约5厘米的缺口为船尾

3. 剪一块约3厘米×5厘米的纸板坐船浆

4. 用橡皮筋套在船尾处，并将船浆绑好

5. 将纸板桨逆时针转紧橡皮筋，小船向前移动

6. 若把纸板桨顺时针转紧橡皮筋，小船向后移动

说明:

1、橡皮筋扭转的方向不同，船行驶的方向也正好相反。

2、纸船运动的力量，是来自橡皮筋扭转的能量。

Scientific little knowledge

Why can ice-cream risk energy of life?

Because there is lunt in outside air,ice-cream risks energy of life is, when coming up against very cold ice-cream, encounter cold surround into droplet with respect to liquefaction it is all round ice-cream, looking is ice-cream is in it seems that " risk energy of life " same.

Why does helianthus always side with the sun?

The cauline ministry of helianthus contains a kind of wonderful plant to grow element. This kind grows element special be afraid of light. Encounter radial illuminate, it can go to the one side that be in a poor light, at the same time it returns stimulation to be in a poor light the cell of one side breeds quickly, so, what grow what compare Xiang Guang at the same time what be in a poor light at the same time is fast, make helianthus produced phototropism to bend.

Why is cicada met exuvial?

The crust of cicada (outside skeletal) it is hard, cannot expand as the growth of cicada, when cicada grows to certain level, of cicada outside the growth that skeleton restricted cicada, cicada shucks off the skeleton outside former some, it is cicada slough.

How does the bee brew honey?

Bee first collect the flower that come sweet in the apiary that juice spits a sky, arrived in the evening, again sweet modulation undertakes in the sweet stomach that juice sucks him, spit again next come, swallow again, such take turns hesitates in speech, should undertake 100~240 second, final ability leads to sweet honey.

How the bird sleeps

By day, bird people move back and forth to cry in branch, below blue sky freedom flies, arrived in the evening, also should rest like they and our person, sleep, refection, but each are not identical,do not cross the pose that they sleep!

Beautiful mallard and swan people, prey in water by day, dally, the water that they love most also cannot leave when night rests. They are curving beautiful long neck, bury the head in wing, let oneself float on surface next, making fond dream at the same time, drift with the tide at the same time, good not carefree.

The long leg bird such as crane, marabou, aigret always is thin leg become independent and sleep, tired change another foot again, it is the example that strike a proper balance between work and rest.

When Chinese francolin rests, like to be surrounded into big rounds in crows, next the end outside same head day is inward. Such, no matter the enemy comes over from wh which direction, they can discover in time and run away.

The birdie with the euphonic cry such as thrush, lark, when sleeping normally stoop two legs, claw curves firmly ground to hold branch, need not fear they can fall from the tree so.

And this plants owl " value evening shift " bird of prey, you always can days sees it opens an eye, close a key point, stand to go up in shock branch, actually at this moment it is sleeping. Of owl sleep the pose is very additional kind ah, it can be to always monitor surroundings is guarding against of the enemy so make a surprise attack!

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The fish also is met does be addicted to die

The fish has branchial, can breathe in water, the fish has a fish glue, can be in water free land ups and downs. But, someone says life underwater fish also is met be addicted to is dead, is this true?

Although this sounds very absurd, but it is a fact however. Swimming bladder is a fish when swimming " buoy " , it can adjust through aerating with deflate the proportion of piscine body. Such, the fish needs the least muscle activity only when move about, can keep not heavy in water not the steady state of float. Nevertheless, sink to certain depth of water when the fish (namely " critical deepness " ) hind, the pressure with enormous outside can make it can no more the bulk of wither section fish glue. At this moment, the flotage that it gets is less than the gravity of oneself, sink in spite of oneself to benthic then, again also float did not rise, final because of cannot breathing be addicted to is dead. Although, the fish still can be passed swing fin and end upgrade float, but if sink,get too late word, such doing also of no help.

On the other hand, live in deep-sea fish, can bear as a result of their skeleton very great pressure, so they can be in deep water freely life. If we are in the life deep-sea medium fish is done quickly " critical deepness " above, as a result of its body in-house pressure cannot achieve a balance with the pressure with lesser outside, accordingly it is met ceaselessly " expand " till float arrives on surface. Sometimes, it is met even splanchnic spit come, "Scamper is cracked " and dead.

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Gluttonous child becomes stupid

Gluttonous meeting reduces the hematic flow of cerebrum

Be like eat excessive or keep taking food momently, meet an a large number of blood in human body, the blood that includes cerebrum assembles gastric bowel path comes. And enough blood is supplied is development premise, if often be in the condition that be short of blood, its development can be affected necessarily.

Gluttonous meeting is caused " fat head "

Eat too fully, eat food of excessive tall nutrition especially, the quantity of heat that feeds can exceed the quantity of heat that use up greatly, make heat energy transforms adipose in the save up inside body. Be like the adiposity that the head organizes, can cause " fat head " . Consider to confirm, the person's intelligence and cerebrum channel answer a ruffle to more or less be concerned, the channel of cerebrum is answered more apparent, the ruffle is more, intellectual level is higher. And fat head makes channel is answered lean together closely, the ruffle disappears, pallium shows flowing pattern, and the growth of nerve network is poor also, so, intellectual level can be reduced.

Gluttonous meeting controls the physiology function of brain intelligence area

Cerebrum activity means of the person is excitement is mixed restrain mutual and revulsive, namely cerebrum is certain position is exalted, a few area of place of its photograph adjacent are in check status, excitement is strengthened more, the inhibition of place is deepened more all round, vice versa. Accordingly, if be in charge of gastric bowel nerve center of path digestive plant is long because of gluttonous overfeeding excited, this causes the inhibition of the brain intelligence area such as adjacent language, thinking, memory, imagination necessarily. If these area often are in check status, intellective meeting worse and worse.

Gluttonous meeting injures brain because of constipation

The child's snacks is given priority to with the careful food of tall nutrition mostly, ate incidental constipation. When constipation, metabolization product is long accumulate at enteron, classics bowel produces a large number of harmful material after path bacterium action, allow bowel of The Book of Changes to absorb, enter haemal circulation, stimulate cerebrum, make cranial nerve cell chronic and toxic, affect normal growth of the head.

Gluttonous still can make cerebrum premature senility

The scientist discovers in a research, one kind can make the material of cerebrum premature senility- - fiber bud cell grows factor, because the meeting crosses full food and count times at increasing after the meal, this is a kind of material that can make arteriosclerosis, tell from long-term sense consequently, gluttonous meeting makes cerebrum premature and anile.

The scientific little knowledge that learns easily simply

The mystery that rotates automatically

Ponder over: ? Is abstruse   troubled by glue form  to cut  of Chinese toon Lin into parts?

Material: ? Small cup D denounces ぷ of glue small ⒍ to imprint?0 centimeter long string, cistern, water

Operation:

1, 5 hole are tied on empty milk box with nail

2, an aperture is in of carton coping among, additionally 4 aperture are in carton 4 lateral are left next horn

3, on the hole that ties an about 60 centimeters long string in coping

4, put carton on dish, open carton mouth, apace carton fill full water

5, the rope that carries a carton coping with the hand, carton arranges hour hand to rotate

Explain: ?

Creation:

1, if be in every lateral center,tie hole, how can carton rotate

2, if aperture is located in every lateral right if playing role, carton will rotate to wh which direction

Boat and boat oar

Ponder over: ? Hang down does? of    kiss automatic hand to had delimited boat? Why to know a boat to you can move ahead on water?

Material: ? Lu? , chipboard 1, elastic 1, washbasin and water 1

Flow:

1.Cut next length to make an appointment with 12 centimeters of × 8 centimeters chipboard

2.One aspect of the matter cuts sharp contrast to be bow, the gap that 5 centimeters next agreement trim in the center of another end is buttock

3.Cut to make an appointment with 3 centimeters of × 5 centimeters chipboard takes a ship oar

4.Cover aft part with elastic, tie up boat oar

5.chipboard paddle anticlockwise turn close elastic, the boat moves ahead

6.If turn chipboard paddle suitable hour hand,tighten elastic, the boat moves backward

Explain:

1, the direction that elastic reverses is different, the direction of boat travel also as it happens is contrary.

2, the force that paper boat moves, it is the energy that comes from elastic to turn round.