甘肃有什么文化遗产？英文双语对照

1、敦煌莫高窟

　　敦煌石窟，是我国和世界闻名的珍贵历史文化遗产之一，包括莫高窟、西千佛洞、瓜州榆林窟、东千佛洞、水峡口下洞子石窟、肃北五个庙石窟、一个庙石窟、玉门昌马石窟。因其各石窟的艺术风格同属一脉，主要石窟莫高窟位于古敦煌郡，且古代敦煌又为本地区政局、经济、文化中心，故统称敦煌石窟。

　　莫高窟开凿于前秦建元二年，时间最早创于公元366年（另有始建于西晋末年及东晋永和九年等说），后经北凉、北魏、西魏、北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、回鹘、西夏、元等时代连续修凿，历时千年，延续时间最长；现存石窟700余个，规模最大；雕塑3000余身，壁画4500余平方米，内容最丰富。窟内绘、塑佛像及佛典内容，为佛徒修行、观像、礼拜处所。

　　敦煌石窟是世界上现存最大的佛教艺术宝库，是融建筑、雕塑、壁画三者于一体立体艺术，是中国古代艺术史的百科全书。1961年，被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。1987年，被列为世界文化遗产。

　　2、长城嘉峪关

　　嘉峪关长城，位于嘉峪关最狭窄的山谷中部，城关两侧的城墙横穿沙漠戈壁，北连黑山悬壁长城，南接天下第一墩，是明代长城最西端的关口，以巍峨壮观著称于世，被誉为“天下雄关”自古为河西第一隘口。

　　关城始建于明洪武五年（1372年），因地势险要，建筑雄伟而有“天下第一雄关”、“连陲锁钥”之称。它由内城、外城、城壕三道防线组成重叠并守之势，形成五里一燧，十里一墩，三十里一堡，一百里一城的军事防御体系。关城以内城为主，周长640万平方米，面积2。5万平方米，城高10。7米，以黄土夯筑而成，西侧以砖包墙，雄伟坚固。

　　内城有东西两门，东为光化门意为紫气东升，光华普照；西为柔远门意为以怀柔而致远，安定西陲。在两门外各有一瓮城围护，嘉峪关内城墙上还建有箭楼、敌楼、角楼、阁楼、闸门楼共十四座。嘉峪关关城是长城众多关城中保存最为完整的一座。

　　3、悬泉置遗址

　　悬泉置遗址属全国重点文物保护单位，位于甘肃省敦煌市。巴黎藏敦煌遗书（沙州都督府阁经）有记佛龛之文日：“右在县东（寿昌县）六十里，香旧图云，汉（阙）佛龛百姓更营造。”推测文中所记佛龛当指此。据此可知，西千佛窟始创年代应早于莫高窟，至少应与莫高窟属同时代建造。据出土简文记载，悬泉置遗址西汉武帝时称“悬泉亭”，昭帝时期改称“悬泉置”。

　　东汉后期又改称“悬泉邮”，魏晋时曾废弃。唐以后复称“悬泉驿”，宋以后又废置。清代又称“贰师庙”，“吊吊水”，其名取之南侧山中悬泉水。遗址由主体建筑坞堡和坞外附属建筑仓、厩构成。坞呈正方形，边长48。10米，土坯砌筑，坞内有两组房屋建筑。坞墙设于东墙正中，宽3米。坞东北及西南角有角墩。

　　悬泉置遗址是继居延遗址之后简牍出土数量最多、内容最为丰富的遗址，该遗址的科学发掘，对研究汉晋驿站的结构、形制和布局提供了极为重要的实物资料，与之相联系的大量简牍及其他各类遗物为我们了解汉代邮驿制度及西北边郡地区的政局、经济、军事及文化生活等方面提供了新的实物资料，具有极高的历史、科学和文化价值。

　　4、玉门关遗址

　　位于甘肃省敦煌市城西北80公里的戈壁滩上，是长城西端重要关口。始置于汉武帝开通西域道路、设置河西四郡之时，因西域输入玉石时取道于此而得名。汉时为通往西域各地的门户，故址在今甘肃敦煌西北小方盘城，南边是沼泽地，北边是哈拉湖，再往北是汉长城，长城北是疏勒河故道。

　　据《汉书·地理志》，玉门关与另一重要关隘阳关，均位于敦煌郡龙勒县境，皆为都尉治所，为重要的屯兵之地。当时中原与西域交通莫不取道两关，曾是汉代时期重要的军事关隘和丝路交通要道。

　　历史上的玉门关颇负盛名，唐宋元明清都有骚客文人吟咏。“半夜帐中停烛坐，唯思生入玉门关”、“战火曾烧赤壁山，将军空老玉门关”等。唐代诗人王之涣“春风不度玉门关”更是流传千古。

　　5、麦积山石窟

　　中国四大石窟之一的麦积山石窟，因该山状如堆积的麦垛而得名，位于天水东南约30公里山中。据文献记载，后秦时开窟造像，创建佛寺。后经北魏、西魏，北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、元、明、清十多个朝代1500多年的开凿重修，遂成为我国著名的大型石窟之一，也是闻名世界的艺术宝库。麦积山周围风景秀丽，四面全是郁郁葱葱的青山，重峦叠嶂，青松似海，云雾阵阵，远景近物交织在一起，构成了被称为天水八景之首的“麦积烟雨”。

　　在中国的著名石窟中，自然景色以麦积山为最佳。素有“小江南”、“秦地林泉之冠”之美誉。山峰的西南面为悬崖峭壁，石窟就开凿在峭壁上，有的距山基二三十米，有的达七八十米。在如此陡峻的悬崖上开凿成百上千的洞窟和佛像，在中国的石窟中是罕见的。

　　古人曾称赞这些工程：“峭壁之间，镌石成佛，万龛千窟。碎自人力，疑是神功。”诗圣杜甫赞美麦积山：“野寺残僧少，山圆细路高。”形象地勾勒出来麦积山高耸的外貌。正如著名雕塑家刘开渠所赞美的，麦积山是“我国历代的一个大雕塑馆。”

　　6、炳灵寺石窟

　　炳灵寺石窟是中国的佛教石窟，位于甘肃省永靖县城西南35千米的小积石山中。炳灵寺在北魏之前称唐述窟，唐代称灵岩寺，明代始称炳灵寺。今存窟龛196个，分布在上寺、下寺、洞沟、佛爷台等处。炳灵寺石窟现存窟龛196个，石雕像694身，泥塑82身，壁画900多平方米。最大的唐代弥勒坐佛高达27米，最小的雕像高10厘米。

1, Dunhuang Mo Gao hole

The Dunhuang Caves, it is our country and one of bequest of world-famous precious history culture, include Mo Gao hole, on the west Yu of city of 1000 Buddha hole, melon forest hole, east the hole below mouth of gorge of 1000 Buddha hole, water child north of grotto, respectful grotto of 5 temple grotto, a temple, Yu Menchang equestrian grotto. Yinjigeshi the artistic style of hole is congeneric one arteries and veins, hole of main grotto Mo Gao is located in ancient Dunhuang county, and archaic Dunhuang is center of our region political situation, economy, culture again, the Dunhuang Caves of friend be called by a joint name.

Yu Qianqin of cut of Mo Gao hole is built yuan 2 years, time is achieved the earliest at the Christian era 366 years (have additionally only then build at last years of a dynasty or reign of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin dynasty to always wait with 9 years say) , hind classics north cool, Northen Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, time Gu, the Western Xia regime, yuan wait for a times to repair authentic continuously, chiliad of last a period of time, continuance time is the longest; Existent grotto more than 700, scale is the largest; Sculpture 3000 more than body, mural 4500 more than square metre, content is the richest. Figure of Buddha of the draw inside hole, model reachs Buddha allusion content, for location of Buddha person cultivate oneself according to a religious doctrine, view resembling, chapel.

The Dunhuang Caves is the world go up existent the biggest Buddhist and artistic treasure house, it is building of be in harmony, sculpture, mural 3 person at an organic whole stereo art, it is Chinese ancient time the encyclopedia of art history. 1961, be announced to be cultural relic of key of the first batch of whole nations to protect one of units. 1987, bequest of culture of the world that be labelled.

2, fine valley closes the Great Wall

Fine valley closes the Great Wall, be located in fine valley to close the narrowest valley mid, the area just outside a city gate the desert of desert of city wall cross of two side, north hangs even black hill mural Great Wall, the world is accepted south the first mound, it is bright generation Great Wall most the col that carries on the west, with lofty grand and celebrated at the world, be known as " the world impregnable pass " it is a river since ancient times on the west the first mountain pass.

Shut a city only then build at Ming Hongwu 5 years (1372) , because of relief strategic place, the edifice is grand and have " the world the first impregnable pass " , " Lian Chui key " say. It by inside city, outside the force that 3 line of defence form city, moat to overlap and be defended, form 5 lis of one flint, 10 lis of one mound, 30 lis of one fort, the martial defense system of 100 lis of one city. City of less than shutting a city is given priority to, circumference 6.4 million square metre, area 2. 50 thousand square metre, the city is fast 10. 7 meters, be built with loess tamper and become, side wraps a wall with the brick on the west, grand and solid.

The city has a thing inside two, violet gas is for actinic door meaning east east litre, brilliance illuminate all things; It is for meaning of soft far door on the west with conciliatory and send far, stable Xi Chui. In two have palisade of city of one earthen jar each outside the door, still build on city wall of fine valley inside Shanghaiguan have building of an embrasured watchtower over a city gate, enemy building, turret, attic, gate in all 14. Fine valley closes shutting a city is numerous Guanchengzhong saves the Great Wall a most complete.

3, relics of the buy that hang a spring

Relics of the buy that hang a spring belongs to countrywide key cultural relic to protect an unit, be located in city of Dunhuang of the Gansu Province. Posthumous papers of Parisian Tibet Dunhuang (sanded city classics of cabinet of government office of superintend and director) have the article day that remembers niche for a statue of Buddha: "Right in the county east (Shou Chang county) 60 lis, cloud of popular old plan, chinese (fault) common people of niche for a statue of Buddha more build. " the place in conjectural article writes down niche for a statue of Buddha to should point to this. Accordingly knowable, on the west 1000 Buddha hole only then achieve time to should antedate Mo Gao hole, should belong to with Mo Gao hole at least coetaneous build. According to coming up out of land brief article account, say when emperor of fierce of the Western Han Dynasty of relics of the buy that hang a spring " the booth that hang a spring " ,

Later period of the Eastern Han Dynasty changes again say " the mail that hang a spring " , jin Shiceng of the Kingdom of Wei is deserted. After Tang Yi answer say " the post that hang a spring " , after Song Yi put aside as useless. Clear generation says again " two division temple " , "Condole condole water " , its name takes to spring of hill horizontally pivoted hung. Relics builds storehouse of the annexe outside fort of a depressed place and a depressed place, stable to form by main body. A depressed place shows a square, the side is long 48. 10 meters, adobe build by laying bricks or stones is built, there are two groups of housings inside a depressed place. Wing wall locate east in the middle of the wall, 3 meters wide. Northeast of a depressed place and southwest corner are angular mound.

Relics of the buy that hang a spring is afterwards house after delaying relics, brief wooden tablets or slips for writing comes up out of land the relics that most, content abounds the amount most, the science of this relics disentombs, the structure that stands to studying Han Jinyi, form is made and layout provided very important objective data, the respect such as the political situation that of all kinds hangover understands Chinese generation to mail area of post system and northwest Bian Jun for us, economy, military affairs and culture life offerred etc of a large number of brief wooden tablets or slips for writing that contact to it new objective material, have extremely tall history, science and culture value.

4, jade door shuts relics

Be located in northwest of town of city of Dunhuang of the Gansu Province on the desert beach of 80 kilometers, it is the Great Wall important juncture is carried on the west. Only then when emperor of park Chinese fierce opens Xi Sijun of river of road of the Western Regions, setting, when inputting jade because of the Western Regions by way of hereat and get a name. Chinese when the portal that is a westerly region each district, reason location is in today small Fang Pancheng of northwest of Gansu Province Dunhuang, marsh is south, northern part is Ha Lahu, go to again north is Chinese the Great Wall, great Wall north is course of the scanty cause that strap a river.

According to " geographical annals of Chinese book · " , jade door shuts with this world of another important pass, all be located in Dunhuang county dragon to carve prefectural territory, all govern place for Douwei, it is the ground of important station troopsing. At that time Central Plains and there's no one who doesn't or isn't of traffic of the Western Regions by way of two close, the martial pass with Ceng Shihan acting important period and thoroughfare of filar road transportation.

The jade door on the history shuts quite negative great reputation, tangsong Yuan Mingqing has poet bookman chant. "Candle stops to sit in midnight account, think of the unripe door that enter jade to close only " , " flames of war ever burned Chibi hill, old jade door shuts general sky " etc. Of king of Tang Dynasty poet melt " spring breeze does not spend jade door to close " it is to circulate more through the ages.

5, Mai Jishan grotto

One of 4 big grotto of Chinese Mai Jishan grotto, the wheat battlements that is like accumulation because of this hill shape and get a name, in be located in hill of the about 30 kilometers austral Tian Shuidong. According to document account, qin Shi opens hole statue after, found Buddha temple. Hind classics Northen Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, yuan, bright, clear 1500 old cut repair more than 10 dynasty again, become one of our country's famous large grotto then, also be the artistic treasury of famed world. The scenery is pretty all round Mai Jishan, it is lush and green green hill completely on four sides, weigh hill rows of mountains, pine is like the sea, cloud and mist blast, distant view close content interweaves together, formed be called day water 8 of Jing Zhi head " Mai Jiyan rain " .

In famous grotto of China, natural scenery is with Mai Jishan optimal. Element has " south Xiaojiang " , " the coronal of Qin Delin spring " beautiful praise. The southwest face of mountain peak is cliff, grotto is with respect to cut on cliff, some is apart from hill radical 229 meters, 779 meters some amounting to. The cut on the cliff in such high and precipitous thousands of cavern and figure of Buddha, it is infrequent in the grotto that is in China.

The ancients ever praised these projects: "Between cliff, engrave stone becomes Buddha, 10 thousand niche 1000 hole. Broken from manpower, doubt is divine result. " poetic emperor Du Fu praises Mai Jishan: "Monk of wild temple incomplete is little, hill circle fine road is high. " the appearance that figure ground draws the outline of Mai Jishan to tower. No less than is famous sculptor Liu opens canal place laudatory, mai Jishan is " house of a of our country past dynasties large sculpture. Mai Jishan is " house of a of our country past dynasties large sculpture..

6, grotto of bright spirit temple

Grotto of bright spirit temple is Buddhist grotto of China, be located in southwest of county of Yong Jing of the Gansu Province of 35 kilometre small accumulate Shishanzhong. Bright spirit temple calls Tang Shu hole before Northen Wei Dynasty, tang Dynasty calls Ling Yan the temple, bright generation only then call bright spirit the temple. Put hole niche today 196, distributing going up the place such as stage of channel of next temple, temples, hole, Buddha. Grotto of bright spirit temple is existent hole niche 196, stone carving resembles 694 bodies, clay sculpture 82 bodies, mural 900 much square metre. The biggest Tang Dynasty Maitreya sits Buddha is as high as 27 meters, the smallest vulture image height 10 centimeters.