甘肃文化？英文双语对照

1、敦煌莫高窟

　　敦煌石窟，是我国和世界闻名的珍贵历史文化遗产之一，包括莫高窟、西千佛洞、瓜州榆林窟、东千佛洞、水峡口下洞子石窟、肃北五个庙石窟、一个庙石窟、玉门昌马石窟。因其各石窟的艺术风格同属一脉，主要石窟莫高窟位于古敦煌郡，且古代敦煌又为本地区政治、经济、文化中心，故统称敦煌石窟。

　　莫高窟开凿于前秦建元二年，时间最早创于公元366年（另有始建于西晋末年及东晋永和九年等说），后经北凉、北魏、西魏、北周、隋、唐、五代、宋、回鹘、西夏、元等时代连续修凿，历时千年，延续时间最长；现存石窟700余个，规模最大；雕塑3000余身，壁画4500余平方米，内容最丰富。窟内绘、塑佛像及佛典内容，为佛徒修行、观像、礼拜处所。

　　敦煌石窟是世界上现存最大的佛教艺术宝库，是融建筑、雕塑、壁画三者于一体立体艺术，是中国古代艺术史的百科全书。1961年，被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位之一。1987年，被列为世界文化遗产。

　　2、万里长城嘉峪关

　　嘉峪关长城，位于嘉峪关最狭窄的山谷中部，城关两侧的城墙横穿沙漠戈壁，北连黑山悬壁长城，南接天下第一墩，是明代万里长城最西端的关口，以巍峨壮观著称于世，被誉为“天下雄关”自古为河西第一隘口。

　　关城始建于明洪武五年（1372年），因地势险要，建筑雄伟而有“天下第一雄关”、“连陲锁钥”之称。它由内城、外城、城壕三道防线组成重叠并守之势，形成五里一燧，十里一墩，三十里一堡，一百里一城的军事防御体系。关城以内城为主，周长640万平方米，面积2。5万平方米，城高10。7米，以黄土夯筑而成，西侧以砖包墙，雄伟坚固。

　　内城有东西两门，东为光化门意为紫气东升，光华普照；西为柔远门意为以怀柔而致远，安定西陲。在两门外各有一瓮城围护，嘉峪关内城墙上还建有箭楼、敌楼、角楼、阁楼、闸门楼共十四座。嘉峪关关城是长城众多关城中保存最为完整的一座。

　　3、悬泉置遗址

　　悬泉置遗址属全国重点文物保护单位，位于甘肃省敦煌市。巴黎藏敦煌遗书（沙州都督府阁经）有记佛龛之文日：“右在县东（寿昌县）六十里，香旧图云，汉（阙）佛龛百姓更营造。”推测文中所记佛龛当指此。据此可知，西千佛窟始创年代应早于莫高窟，至少应与莫高窟属同时代建造。据出土简文记载，悬泉置遗址西汉武帝时称“悬泉亭”，昭帝时期改称“悬泉置”。

　　东汉后期又改称“悬泉邮”，魏晋时曾废弃

1, Dunhuang Mo Gao hole

The Dunhuang Caves, it is our country and one of bequest of world-famous precious history culture, include Mo Gao hole, on the west Yu of city of 1000 Buddha hole, melon forest hole, east the hole below mouth of gorge of 1000 Buddha hole, water child north of grotto, respectful grotto of 5 temple grotto, a temple, Yu Menchang equestrian grotto. Yinjigeshi the artistic style of hole is congeneric one arteries and veins, hole of main grotto Mo Gao is located in ancient Dunhuang county, and archaic Dunhuang is center of our region politics, economy, culture again, the Dunhuang Caves of friend be called by a joint name.

Yu Qianqin of cut of Mo Gao hole is built yuan 2 years, time is achieved the earliest at the Christian era 366 years (have additionally only then build at last years of a dynasty or reign of the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin dynasty to always wait with 9 years say) , hind classics north cool, Northen Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, time Gu, the Western Xia regime, yuan wait for a times to repair authentic continuously, chiliad of last a period of time, continuance time is the longest; Existent grotto more than 700, scale is the largest; Sculpture 3000 more than body, mural 4500 more than square metre, content is the richest. Figure of Buddha of the draw inside hole, model reachs Buddha allusion content, for location of Buddha person cultivate oneself according to a religious doctrine, view resembling, chapel.

The Dunhuang Caves is the world go up existent the biggest Buddhist and artistic treasure house, it is building of be in harmony, sculpture, mural 3 person at an organic whole stereo art, it is Chinese ancient time the encyclopedia of art history. 1961, be announced to be cultural relic of key of the first batch of whole nations to protect one of units. 1987, bequest of culture of the world that be labelled.

2, fine valley closes Great Wall

Fine valley closes the Great Wall, be located in fine valley to close the narrowest valley mid, the area just outside a city gate the desert of desert of city wall cross of two side, north hangs even black hill mural Great Wall, the world is accepted south the first mound, it is bright generation Great Wall most the col that carries on the west, with lofty grand and celebrated at the world, be known as " the world impregnable pass " it is a river since ancient times on the west the first mountain pass.

Shut a city only then build at Ming Hongwu 5 years (1372) , because of relief strategic place, the edifice is grand and have " the world the first impregnable pass " , " Lian Chui key " say. It by inside city, outside the force that 3 line of defence form city, moat to overlap and be defended, form 5 lis of one flint, 10 lis of one mound, 30 lis of one fort, the martial defense system of 100 lis of one city. City of less than shutting a city is given priority to, circumference 6.4 million square metre, area 2. 50 thousand square metre, the city is fast 10. 7 meters, be built with loess tamper and become, side wraps a wall with the brick on the west, grand and solid.

The city has a thing inside two, violet gas is for actinic door meaning east east litre, brilliance illuminate all things; It is for meaning of soft far door on the west with conciliatory and send far, stable Xi Chui. In two have palisade of city of one earthen jar each outside the door, still build on city wall of fine valley inside Shanghaiguan have building of an embrasured watchtower over a city gate, enemy building, turret, attic, gate in all 14. Fine valley closes shutting a city is numerous Guanchengzhong saves the Great Wall a most complete.

3, relics of the buy that hang a spring

Relics of the buy that hang a spring belongs to countrywide key cultural relic to protect an unit, be located in city of Dunhuang of the Gansu Province. Posthumous papers of Parisian Tibet Dunhuang (sanded city classics of cabinet of government office of superintend and director) have the article day that remembers niche for a statue of Buddha: "Right in the county east (Shou Chang county) 60 lis, cloud of popular old plan, chinese (fault) common people of niche for a statue of Buddha more build. " the place in conjectural article writes down niche for a statue of Buddha to should point to this. Accordingly knowable, on the west 1000 Buddha hole only then achieve time to should antedate Mo Gao hole, should belong to with Mo Gao hole at least coetaneous build. According to coming up out of land brief article account, say when emperor of fierce of the Western Han Dynasty of relics of the buy that hang a spring " the booth that hang a spring " ,

Later period of the Eastern Han Dynasty changes again say " the mail that hang a spring " , jin Shiceng of the Kingdom of Wei is deserted