shark

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ʃɑːk/    美 /ʃɑɹk/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Someone who exploits others, for example by trickery, lies, usury, extortion.
    — “[…] Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing. Oh, dear, there's so much to tell you, so many warnings to give you, but all that must be postponed for the moment.”
  2. Any predatory fish of the superorder Selachimorpha, with a cartilaginous skeleton and 5 to 7 gill slits on each side of its head. countable
    — The straunge fishe is in length xvij. foote and iij. foote broad, and in compas about the bodie vj. foote; and is round snowted, short headdid, hauing iij. rankes of teeth on either iawe, …. Also it hath v. gills of eache side of the head, shoing white. Ther is no proper name for it that I know, but that sertayne men of Captayne Haukinses doth call it a sharke.
  3. Flesh of this animal, consumed as food. uncountable
    — Shark has traditionally, although in some secrecy, been a staple food in European, American and Australian food.
  4. A sleazy and amoral lawyer. derogatory,informal
  5. Any fish of the class Chondrichthyes, especially an extinct shark-like holocephalian. broadly,countable,uncountable
    — Cladoselache, a well-preserved Devonian shark fossil from Ohio. Here the cartilages and some muscle tissues are preserved intact
  6. An ambulance chaser. derogatory,informal
  7. A freshwater fish that resembles a true shark (Selachimorpha) in appearance or movement; a freshwater shark.; Any fish in the genus Epalzeorhynchos. countable,uncountable
  8. A relentless and resolute person or group, especially in business. informal
    — In the event they lacked a proper midfield bolt, with Toni Kroos and Sami Khedira huffing around in pursuit of the whizzing green machine. The centre-backs looked flustered, left to deal with three on two as Mexico broke. Löw’s 4-2-3-1 seemed antiquated and creaky, with the old World Cup shark Thomas Müller flat-footed in a wide position.
  9. A freshwater fish that resembles a true shark (Selachimorpha) in appearance or movement; a freshwater shark.; Any fish in the genus Balantiocheilos. countable,uncountable
  10. A person that excels in a particular field.
  11. A person that excels in a particular field.; A very good poker or pool player. Compare fish (a bad poker player). informal,proscribed
  12. A freshwater fish that resembles a true shark (Selachimorpha) in appearance or movement; a freshwater shark.; An iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). countable,uncountable
  13. A person who feigns ineptitude to win money from others.
  14. A freshwater fish that resembles a true shark (Selachimorpha) in appearance or movement; a freshwater shark.; A roseline shark (Dawkinsia denisonii). countable,uncountable
  15. A freshwater fish that resembles a true shark (Selachimorpha) in appearance or movement; a freshwater shark.; A paroon shark (Pangasius sanitwongsei). countable,uncountable
  16. A noctuid moth of species Cucullia umbratica. countable
  17. A university student who is not a fresher that has engaged in sexual activity with a fresher; usually habitually and with multiple people. UK,countable
动词 v.
  1. To steal or obtain through fraud. obsolete
    — Shakespeare and others, Sir Thomas More (c. 1593) act 2, sc. 4: "Other ruffians...Would shark on you."
  2. To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly. obsolete
    — Fortenbraſſe […] Hath […] Sharkt vp a ſight of lawleſſe Reſolutes […]
  3. To fish for sharks. intransitive,rare
  4. Of a university student who is not a fresher (first-year undergraduate), and especially towards the start of the academic year:; To engage in sexual activity with a fresher. UK,derogatory,mildly,transitive
  5. To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle. intransitive,obsolete
    — Neither sharks for a cup or a reckoning.
  6. Of a university student who is not a fresher (first-year undergraduate), and especially towards the start of the academic year:; To cruise for casual sex with a fresher at a bar or club. UK,derogatory,intransitive,mildly
  7. To live by shifts and stratagems. intransitive,obsolete
    — Ah Captaine, lay not all the fault upon Officers you know you can ſhark though you be out of action, witneſſe Montague.

词形变化

sharks plural sharke alternative,obsolete sharks present,singular,third-person sharking participle,present sharked participle,past sharked past sharks plural sharks present,singular,third-person sharking participle,present sharked participle,past sharked past sharks present,singular,third-person sharking participle,present sharked participle,past sharked past

词汇关系

近义词
haye
衍生词
angel shark angelshark Atlantic sharpnose shark bala shark bamboo shark basking shark bigeyed sixgill shark blacktip reef shark blind shark blue shark bluntnose sixgill shark bonnethead shark bramble shark broadfin shark brown shark bullhead shark bull shark card shark cardshark carpet shark carpetshark catshark cat shark collared carpet shark cookiecutter shark copper shark cow shark crocodile shark crow shark deepwater shark dogfish shark dusky shark eagle shark epaulette shark fox shark freshwater shark frilled shark frill shark Ganges shark ghost shark goblin shark gollumshark gray reef shark grey reef shark great mackerel shark great white shark Greenland shark grey nurse shark ground shark gulper shark gummyshark gummy shark hammerhead shark horn shark hound shark houndshark iridescent shark kitefin shark landshark lantern shark lanternshark lemon shark leopard shark lost shark mackerel shark mako shark megamouth shark megashark megatooth shark mudshark mud shark narrowtooth shark nurse shark oceanic whitetip shark prickly shark pyjama shark rainbow shark redfin shark red-fin shark red-finned shark red-tailed black shark red tailed shark redtail shark reef shark requiem shark river shark rough shark ruby shark salmon shark sandbar shark sand shark sand tiger shark saw shark sawshark school shark sharpnose sevengill shark sharpnose shark sharptooth lemon shark shyshark Siamese bala shark sicklefin lemon shark silver shark sixgill shark sleepershark sleeper shark slough shark smooth shark southern African frilled shark spiny shark striped catshark swellshark thickskin shark thresher shark tiger shark tricolor shark tricolour shark walking shark weasel shark whaler shark whale shark whitecheek shark whitefin shark white shark winghead shark zebra shark loan shark pool shark shark bait sharkette shirk
相关词
barracuda dogfish hammerhead porbeagle smooth hound thresher white pointer wobbegong

词源

词源 1
From Middle English shark (used by Thomas Beckington in 1442 to refer to a kind of fish), of uncertain origin. Most likely from a semantic extension of the German-derived shark (“scoundrel”), see below. The fish was originally called a dogfish or haye in English and Middle English. Its name in Old English is unknown, although some uses of the word hranfisċ that do not appear to carry the sense of "whale" may have been referencing it.
alternative theories
Some older dictionaries derived the word from Latin c(h)archarias, c(h)acharus (from Ancient Greek), but admit that "the requisite [Old French] forms intermediate between E. shark and L. carcharus are not found, and it is not certain that the name [shark] was orig. applied to the fish; it may have been first used of a greedy man".
Other older authorities speculated that the word might derive from Yucatec Maya xok (“fish”) (/ʃok/), as John Hawkins brought a specimen from the area where Mayan was spoken to England in the 1560s. However, the 1442 use rules out a New World origin for the word.
词源 2
From German Schurke (“scoundrel”); compare Dutch schurk.
词源 3
Probably from the "steal" senses above, but perhaps related to shear. Compare shirk.
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