shirk

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ʃɜːk/    美 /ʃɝk/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. One who shirks, who avoids a duty or responsibility.
    — I may add here that, coming as the soldiers did from all avocations and stations in life, these details for fatigue often brought together men few of whom had any practical knowledge of the work in hand; so that aside from the shirks, who could work but would not, there were other who would but could not, at least intelligently.
  2. The unforgivable sin of association (claiming something or someone can share in the oneness of God). uncountable
    — A person can have committed shirk in their lifetime and still find forgiveness (especially by saying the Shahada and becoming a Muslim). The concept is that if one dies in this state (as a mushrik, an idolator, one who engages in and does not repent shirk), there is no forgiveness.
动词 v.
  1. To avoid, especially a duty, responsibility, etc.; to stay away from. transitive
    — the usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties
  2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away. intransitive
    — If you have a job, don't shirk from it by staying off work.
  3. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation. transitive
    — You that never heard the call of any vocation, […] that shirk living from others, but time from yourselves.

词形变化

shirks present,singular,third-person shirking participle,present shirked participle,past shirked past shirks plural

词汇关系

近义词
shrink blow off cop out dog doss duck flinch goldbrick goof off lollygag malinger procrastinate shirk slack off soldier swing the lead weasel out
上位词
avoid evade shy away from
下位词
desert multislack play truant renege welch chuck a sickie do Abram pull a sickie sham Abram sham Abraham throw a sickie
衍生词
multishirk shirker shirky unshirking
相关词
lazy idler truancy

词源

词源 1
First use appears c. 1633, in the publications of Shackerley Marmion, apparently from association with shark (verb), or otherwise directly from German Schurke (“rogue, knave”).
词源 2
Etymology tree
Arabic شِرْك (širk)bor.
English shirk
Borrowed from Arabic شِرْك (širk).
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