数码相机成像芯片有几种？英文双语对照

一、数码相机成像芯片有几种？

有两种。一般来说，数码相机的成像系统包括镜头、光圈、快门和感光成像器件四个部件，其中核心部件就是感光成像器件，它也是部件中价格Z为昂贵的，可以称作数码相机的心脏。目前数码相机的感光部件主要采用两大类光敏元件：电荷耦合器件CCD和互补金属氧化物半导体器件CMOS。和CMOS相比，在相同像素下，CCD功耗大、价格贵，但是CCD光敏器件产生的图像质量要好很多，因此成为市场主流。

二、数码相机成像原理是什么？

（1）光学镜头：将景物的光汇聚，（这部分的原理是凸透镜成像原理），到达感光器件；（2）感光器件：通常是CCD或CMOS，将景物的光信号变成电信号；（3）微处理器：将电信号进行数字化处理（变成以像素为单元的数字信号，一个像素通常由3个或更多的字节存储），再进行一定的压缩和编码，成为不同格式的数字文件（Raw，或Jpg等）；（4）外存储器：将数字文件存储在外存储器上。

三、决定数码相机的成像质量的是？

影响数码相机成像主要有四大因素。

影响数码相机成像一般有感光元件对成像的影响、镜头对成像的影响、色彩深度对成像的影响、及其它因素的影响。

感光元件的影响：

1）像素的影响：像素越高分辨率一般越高，对成像细节有很大帮助，特别是在放大观看的情况下。

2）感光元件的个数：3CCD的感光元件每一个负责一种颜色的感光，色彩更好，堆栈式的感光元件多层叠加增加了光线的利用率在暗光条件下成像更好。

3）面积：感光元件面积大成像虚化效果好，高感光情况下噪点更少画面更纯净。

2.

镜头对成像的影响：

镜头越好，聚焦越准照片越清晰，分辨率也就越高，部分好镜头控制畸变和炫光能力也越好。

1）镜头材质影响成像：镜头光学结构很复杂，合适的材质比如ED超低色散镜片可以有效减轻色散等问题。

2）焦距对照片的影响：不同焦段镜头有不同的用途，例如广角用于风景摄影比较多，中焦人像用的比较多，长焦和超长焦体育摄影和拍摄野生动物比较多，如果用广角的焦距来拍动物肯定就不合适了。

3）变焦能力：变焦能力一般用于取景和构图，但是技术没有革新的情况下太大的变焦倍数会造成镜头体积过大也会对成像素质有影响。

3.

色彩深度的影响：

色彩深度也叫色彩位数，该参数反映了相机能够正确记录的色调的多少，色彩位数越高则色彩的分辨能力越强，越能真实还原亮部和暗部的细节。

一般的色彩位数有16位，24位和32位，一般情况下24位就能很好的反映真实细节肉眼已经难以区分所以也叫真彩色。

4.

其它参数的影响：

1）白平衡，一个物体在不同色温时表现的颜色是有所不同的，对拍摄到的颜色信号进行一定的修正从而反映真实的颜色就叫白平衡，白平衡做的越好越接近真实的颜色。

2）ISO感光度：感光度范围越高可以适应的场景越多，低光照情况下照片的可用性强，在光线好的情况下低感光度画面纯净度越好。

四、ccd传感器成像和扫描仪成像的区别？

CCD中文译名即“电荷耦合器件”。从功能上看，它负责将镜头传来的光信号转换为电信号，类似于普通光学相机的胶片。 CCD扫描技术由于采用光学成像器件，扫描出的图像色彩与亮度都非常均匀，而且由于采用高亮度光源。

CIS是由光源系统和感光系统的单件构成的集成模块。 CIS技术使用的是大面积感光器件，在目前还很难保证扫描的均匀度，而且由于使用的是亮度较低的二极管发光器件。 所以CIS的色彩分辨率也不如CCD出色。

采用CIS技术的扫描仪没有附加的光学部件，移动部分又轻又小，整个扫描仪可以做得非常轻薄。分辨率为300 ～600。

由于二者感光原理的不同，致使它们的成像特点、制作成本、体积和重量等也不同。概括说来，CCD的优点是扫描实物时的景深好、密度范围大和扫描光谱范围大等；CIS的优点是光源亮度好、失真度小、生产成本低、功耗小、体积小、重量轻、故障率低且易于维修，与CCD扫描仪比起来更加抗震，对运输和使用环境的要求不是非常严格。其中体积和重量方面的优势使CIS更容易被应用在便携式的扫描仪中。

另外，CCD扫描仪一般使用冷阴极管做光源，这种光源需要1分钟左右的预热才能稳定发光，扫描仪打开后不能立刻使用；CIS扫描仪随时开机都可以进行扫描。

五、什么是成像传感器?

CMOS图像传感器是一种典型的固体成像传感器，与CCD有着共同的历史渊源。CMOS图像传感器通常由像敏单元阵列、行驱动器、列驱动器、时序控制逻辑、AD转换器、数据总线输出接口、控制接口等几部分组成，这几部分通常都被集成在同一块硅片上。其工作过程一般可分为复位、光电转换、积分、读出几部分。

六、热成像传感器选型？

红外热成像仪选型有几个关键，简单地概括就是：

1、是测温用的，还是观察用的，是手持的，还是在线的。

2、像素，这个决定价格档位，目前主流的是640X480和384X288，高清的1024以上的也有，但还不是主流。

3、精度和空间分辨率。这个指标越小越好。比如30mk，就表示能识别0.03摄氏度的目标区别。

其他的可以根据实际需求来挑选。

七、传感器成像方式属于？

传感器成像方式有：

电阻式 ：电阻式传感器是将被测量,如位移、形变、力、加速度、湿度、温度等这些物理量转换式。

称重式 ：称重传感器是一种能够将重力转变为电信号的力电转换装置,是电子衡器的一个关键部件。

压阻式 ：压阻式传感器是根据半导体材料的压阻效应在半导体材料的基片上经扩散电阻而制成的器件。

八、热成像传感器原理？

工作时，热成像仪利用光学器件将场景中的物体发出的红外能量聚焦在红外探测器上，然后来自与每个探测器元件的红外数据转换成标准的视频格式，可以在标准的视频监视器上显示出来，或记录在录像带上。由于热成像系统探测的是热而不是光，所以可全天候使用；

九、单反相机成像的原理和数码相机有什么不同？

单反相机与数码相机（浪费级）在成像原理上是一样的，画质差别主要是感光元件与镜头以及操控等。

1、感光元件，单反比数码相机的感光元件大很多倍。这直接影响了两都画质的差别；

2、镜头，单反的镜头设计也是比较专业的，结构及镜片工艺都优于数码相机，为高画质提供了保障；

3、操控方面，单反手动功能更齐全，能创作出更好的作品。数码相机自动程度高，画质一般，适合日常使用。

十、数码相机镜头上划痕对成像的影响？

数码相机镜头上的划痕会对成像产生负面影响。划痕会影响光线的传播和聚焦，导致图像出现模糊、失真、色差等问题。

划痕还会使得镜头表面反射光线的能力下降，导致图像出现光斑、光晕等现象。

此外，划痕还会影响镜头的防水、防尘等性能，降低镜头的使用寿命。因此，如果镜头上出现划痕，建议及时更换或修复。

One, is digital camera become a few kinds to have like chip?

Have two kinds. Generally speaking, of digital camera into include camera lens, aperture, shutter and sensitization to become like the system like parts of an apparatus 4 components, among them core component is sensitization is become resemble parts of an apparatus, it also is Z of the price in the component is costly, can call a number the heart of camera. At present the sensitive component of digital camera basically uses cell of two kinds of big photosensitive: CCD of charge coupling parts of an apparatus and CMOS of semiconductor device of complementary metal oxide. Compare with CMOS photograph, in identical fall like element, CCD power comsumption big, price is expensive, but the picture quality that CCD photosensitive parts of an apparatus produces is close friends a lot of, because this makes market main trend.

2, is digital camera become what is resembling a principle?

(1) optical camera lens: Gather together the light of scenery, (the principle of this part is convex is become resemble a principle) , arrive at sensitive parts of an apparatus; (2) sensitive parts of an apparatus: It is CCD or CMOS normally, turn the smooth signal of scenery into telegraphic name; (3) microprocessor: Will telegraphic date undertakes digitlizing handling (become the digital signal that is unit in order to resemble element, one resembles element normally by 3 or more byte store) , undertake be compressed certainly and coding again, the digital file that makes different form (Raw, or Jpg) ; (4) external storage: Get on digital filestore in external storage.

3, is the decision counts those who pile up camera to become those who resemble quality?

Influence number camera is become resemble basically having 4 big factors.

The influence that deepness of the influence that affects digital camera to become the influence that resembles commonly sensitive component resembles to becoming, camera lens to resemble to becoming, colour resembles to becoming, influence that reachs other element.

The influence of sensitive component:

1) the influence that resembles element: Higher like element resolution is jumped over commonly tall, have very great help like detail to becoming, below the situation that views in enlarge especially.

2) a number of sensitive component: The sensitive component of 3CCD is in charge of the sensitization of a kind of color each times, colour is better, it is better that the sensitive component much cascade of stack type adds the utilization rate that raised the light to fall to resemble in dark smooth condition.

3) area: It is good that component area becomes sensitization to turn the result like empty greatly, a confusion of voices below high sensitive case chooses fewer picture purer.

2.

The influence that camera lens resembles to becoming:

Shot is better, focusing allows a photograph to jump over clarity more, resolution is higher also, partial good shot controls distortion and force of dazzle light energy to also had been jumped over.

1) camera lens material affects character picture: Structure of camera lens optics is very complex, right capable person pledges for instance ED exceeds lens of low chromatic dispersion to be able to ease the problem such as chromatic dispersion effectively.

2) the focal length influence to the photograph: Head of different anxious Duan Jing has different use, for example extensive role is used at the scenery photography is more, the comparison that figure of the part of the body cavity between the diaphragm and the umbilicus housing the spleen uses is much, long Jiao Hechao grows to anxious sports photographs and film wild animal is compared much, if use the focal length of extensive role,will take an animal affirmation is improper.

3) scorch ability: Scorch ability is used at find a view and composition of a picture commonly, but the too big scorch multiple below the circumstance that the technology did not innovate can cause camera lens bulk to pass to also can be opposite greatly influential like quality.

3.

The influence of colour deepness:

Colour deepness also calls colour digit, how many what this parameter mirrorred camera to be able to be recorded correctly, colour digit is taller a colorific resolution is stronger, jump over can true reductive the detail of bright ministry and dark ministry.

General colour digit has 16, 24 mix 32, with respect to can very good report usually true detail naked eye has distinguished 24 hard also call true color so.

4.

The influence of other parameter:

1) Bai Pingheng, an object is in different and colour temperature when expressional color differs somewhat, the color signal to filming undertakes certain correction mirrors true color to call Bai Pingheng thereby, be close to true color what do evenly in vain more very much more.

2) ISO speed: The setting that speed limits can get used to higher is more, the usability of the photograph below low illumination circumstance is strong, low speed picture is pure below good in the light case it is better to spend.

4, is Ccd sensor become resemble becoming the distinction that resemble with scanner?

CCD Chinese translated term namely " charge coupling parts of an apparatus " . Look from the function, the smooth signal changeover that it is in charge of transmitting camera lens is telegraphic date, be similar to the film of common and optical camera. Because CCD scanning technology uses light to learn to resemble parts of an apparatus, the image colour that scanning gives and brightness are very even, and because use Gao Liang,spend illuminant.

CIS is by the sheet of illuminant system and sensitive system the compositive module that form. What CIS technology uses is parts of an apparatus of large area sensitization, returning the uniformity that assures scanning very hard at present, and because use, is the diode glow parts of an apparatus with inferior brightness. The colour resolution of CIS is not as so outstanding as CCD also.

The scanner that uses CIS technology is done not have additional optical component, mobile part light small, whole scanner can be done very frivolously. Resolution is 300 ～ 600.

As a result of both sensitization principle different, cause them into wait to also differ like the characteristic, cost that make, bulk and weight. Wraparound say, the advantage of CCD is the depth of field when scanning objective limits of good, density is mixed greatly scanning spectrum range is big etc; The advantage of CIS is illuminant brightness good, distortion factor cost of small, production low, power comsumption small, bulk small, weight light, fault rate is low and maintain easily, more as more aseismatic than rising as CCD scanner, not be very strict to carry and using environmental requirement. Among them the advantage of bulk and weight respect makes CIS is applied more easily in portable scanner.

Additional, CCD scanner uses cold cathode canal to become light source commonly, the warm-up talent that this kind of illuminant needs 1 minute to control stabilizes glow, after scanner is opened, cannot use immediately; CIS scanner switchs on the mobile phone to be able to undertake scanning at any time.

5, what is to become resemble sensor?

The solid that CMOS image sensor is a kind of model is become like sensor, having common historical source with CCD. CMOS image sensor normally by resemble quick bus line of converter of logic of control of driver of unit array, travel, line drive, sequential, AD, data outputs a few parts such as interface of interface, control to comprise, this a few parts normally by compositive going up with a silicon chip. Its job process can be divided commonly for restoration, photoelectricity changeover, integral, numerate a few parts.

6, is heat become like sensor type selecting?

Infra-red heat has a few keys into type selecting resembling appearance, generalize simply even if:

1, it is to measure lukewarm use, still observation is used, hold, still be on-line.

2, resemble element, archives of this decision price, at present of the mainstream is 640X480 and 384X288, of high-definition 1024 above also have, but still not be the mainstream.

3, precision and dimensional resolution. This index Yue Xiaoyue is good. For instance 30mk, state the target that can identify 0.03 Celsius is distinguished.

Other can choose according to effective demand.

7, is sensor become belong to like means?

Sensor becomes have like means:

Resistor type: Resistor type sensor is will be measured, if these physical quantity such as displacement, deformation, force, acceleration, humidity, temperature change style.

Say to weigh type: Weighing heavy sensor is one kind can be gravitational change the force report of telegraphic date to change unit, it is a crucial part of electronic weighing apparatus.

Press block type: Sensor of the type that control block is the effect controlling block according to semiconductor material in semiconductor material base piece go up via diffusing resistor and the parts of an apparatus or appliance that makes.

8, is heat become like sensor principle?

When the job, the infra-red energy focusing that the object in heating up consumed of benefit resembling appearance to learn setting of general of parts of an apparatus gives out is on infra-red detector, come from the video pattern that is changed into the standard with the infra-red data of every detector component next, can show on video monitor of the standard come, or the record is on the video tape. Because heat up what explore like the system,be heat up and not be smooth, so but round-the-clock use;

9, what does sheet turn over camera to have to differ into the principle that resemble and digital camera?

Sheet turns over camera and digital camera (wasteful class) be in going up like the principle is same, drawing qualitative difference basically is sensitive component and camera lens and hold accuse to wait.

1, sensitive component, the sensitive element of camera of number of odd inverse ratio is a lot of times larger. This was affected directly two draw qualitative difference;

2, camera lens, the camera lens design that sheet turns over also is more professional, structure and lens craft excel number camera, provided safeguard character for Gao Hua;

3, hold dominate a field, odd backhand uses a function more all ready, can create a better work. Digital camera is spent from traverse tall, the picture is qualitative general, suit to be used daily.

10, the influence that the nick on digital camera camera lens resembles to becoming?

The nick on digital camera camera lens can resemble producing negative effect to becoming. Nick can affect radial transmission and focusing, cause the problem such as image occurrence faintness, lack fidelity, chromatism.

Nick still can make the ability of light of reflex of camera lens surface drops, cause the appearance such as image occurrence facula, halation.

In addition, what nick still can affect camera lens is waterproof, dustproof wait for function, lower the service life of camera lens. Accordingly, if nick appears on camera lens, the proposal changes in time or repair.