汽车道路救援？英文双语对照

道路救援指汽车道路紧急救援，为故障车主提供现场小修等服务；同时也指交通事故道路救援，包括伤员救治、道路疏导等。一般来说，道路救援都是要收费，只是收取的方式略有差异。

中文名称

道路救援

包括

汽车紧急救援，伤员救治等

国外救援理念

恢复行驶

作用

减少交通事故人员伤亡和财产损失

相关规定

关于建立交通事故快速抢救机制的通知

收费情况

一般来说，道路救援都是要收费

面临问题

救援企业散弱、服务不规范、行业认知度不高、从业人员素质低

国外情况

道路救援服务在国外早就已经非常的成熟了。在道路交通事故紧急救援法规建设、机构设置、救援队伍、急救方案决策和支持保障体系等方面, 形成了比较完善的紧急救援体系, 为减少交通事故人员伤亡和财产损失发挥了重要作用。

美国在全国范围内建立了完善的“紧急救援医疗服务系统（EmergencyMedical Service System, 缩写为EMS）”,虽然该系统用于对交通事故中的受伤者提供紧急医疗救援，但更侧重医疗资源的配置和紧急预案的制定。德国则不同，它在现有的医疗资源和应急手段的基础上，单独形成了一套专门的交通事故快速反应与紧急救援机制。西方发达国家在交通事故紧急救援方面有许多先进经验和成功做法。

从救援机构来看，西方国家的救援理念是恢复行驶，就是要用最短的时间让抛锚的车辆继续行驶。要达到这一目的，对现场快速修理的要求就很高，包括快修人员的技术、快修设备、备件等。

国内发展

中国从上世纪90年代起，随着各地汽车保有量的逐步攀升，交通事故逐渐增多，道路救援开始起步发展：

救援职能交叉联动

2002年1月10日公安部、卫生部联合下发了《关于建立交通事故快速抢救机制的通知》, 明确要求各地建立交通事故快速抢救机制，实现“110”、“120”和“122”急救信息联动和反馈制度，切实提高交通事故现场急救能力。部分省、直辖市也设立了道路交通救援委员会，并且在县市成立了相应的委员会，指导其交通事故紧急救援工作。

在城市生活中，道路交通紧急救援工作可以依托于城市紧急救助系统。城市急救中心及所属的急救网络，其系统建设和急救网络相对已比较成熟，并且在全国已初步形成了北京、广州、上海和重庆四种模式。城市紧急救助系统集成了各种信息与通信资源，110报警服务台、119火警、120急救、122交通事故报警台纳入统一的指挥调度系统，不仅使各部门、各警区和各警种形成了统一的调度平台，解决了现行道路救援工作中的力量分散、机制不顺和装备落后等状况，提高道路交通事故的快速反应、救援能力和科学决策水平。使我国的交通急救事业更快的走向完善和成熟。

我国道路交通事故紧急救援工作，随着社会经济的发展和社会保障体系的完善及公安、卫生、消防、市政和保险等部门的进一步协调，从国家相关的法律法规，或地方的条例，尽快明确的主管部门或者可依据的行政法规来强化管理道路救援。发挥统一整体的救援力量作，向着快捷高效发展，保证交通安全、降低事故损失，保护生命财产安全，构建顺畅和谐的交通。

救援力量逐步集中

早期一般是一些高档汽车的售后、金融保险行业为一些高端会员客户提供免费配套的尊享的高端服务内容，到现在这种服务也已经发展到相当成熟、相当普遍的地步，服务质量和服务区域也相对成熟。

随着市场需求的扩大，道路救援现在除了专为会员或机构提供免费的服务以外，也出现了救援服务卡，只要交少量的钱，就可以在规定期限内享有免费的救援服务。这也大大的方便了经常驾车外出、不爱自己动手、现代年青一簇、女性驾车朋友等不懂维护，只爱开车的这一类群体。一般的银行保险甚至其他高端的俱乐部都已经为会员提供免费的配套服务，如中石化的加油卡。

能真正有能力做覆盖全国的包括：蒙迪艾尔（安联全球救援）、中联车盟、路华救援（曼福国际救援中国子公司）、国际SOS、车车卡、中石化、平安保险等几家专业的救援服务机构中，车车卡的救援团队是全国首个通过国际IOS9001-2000的救援团队,也是第一家真正做到无缝覆盖全国的、第一家真正无条件(即不考虑里程、次数、区域)全免费的救援服务机构。

规范化

目前中国汽车救援市场正逐步走向规范化轨道，从零散无序管理走向集中网络管理，从客户实施走向服务客户，从闭塞走向开放。随着信息化时代的到来，车主获得救援服务也越来越容易。

首先，伴着市场需求专业的救援服务管理公司应运而生，它将汽车生产厂商、汽车经销商、专业的救援实施机构以及客户整合在一起，形成了以车辆为中心载体，以服务为导向，以解决客户燃眉之急为宗旨，为客户提供规范化、专业化、法制化、人性化和快捷化的服务。

其次，品牌4S店也配备了专业的救援车辆，具备了为品牌车辆客户和有需求客户的救援服务职能。

第三，针对广大的非网络内的零散车主，专门的救援小组/部门逐步脱离4S店及传统的大修厂开始成立公司独立运营。

装备建设

在广大的农村地区，救援力量的分散和救援经费的缺乏，紧急救援装备数量不足，技术落后，尤其是相当一部分的乡镇卫生院没有救护车，部分县级医院的救护车也已超期服役。一旦发生重大交通事故，这些地区只好从其它地方调集救援设备（如车辆拆破器），救援车辆不能及时出发和选择最佳的救援路径，对事故现场的不熟悉，延误了事故的救援时间，严重延误了宝贵的救援时间。

我国道路交通事故救援机构如交警、保险公司、普通救援企业等所属的救援车形成统一调配，也可提高救援效率。

救援预案分级处理

目前，我国各大中城市的交警支队和交警大队，均对一般交通事故和重特大交通事故编制了相应的紧急救援预案，预案中对交通事故救援指挥机构、救援人员分工均作了明确要求。

我国自2000年以来，每年死于交通事故的人数都在10万人左右，平均每天有将近300人死于道路交通事故，致死率达17%左右，这与发达国家2%的交通事故致死率相比高出近9倍。针对我国道路交通事故死亡者中大约60%是死于送往医院途中，或是在医院中死亡。以事故发生时交通受害者的人数作为分级条件，避免将重特大事故当成“一般”交通事故进行处理，可以极大地挽救交通事故受伤人员。

加强事故现场的交通管制

加强对事故现场的交通管制，同时注重伤员的医护救援工作。为现场的抢救工作提供良好的秩序，减轻由交通事故造成的交通拥堵问题，并在事故影响范围内，为途径现场的车辆和行人提供信息服务，必要时可以提供车辆绕行方案，确保道路交通安全、畅通，避免二次事故的发生。做好交通基础设施的维护、现场交通秩序的疏导和事故前方路段的交通诱导等工作，并在事故处理结束后，撤销对事故的交通管制并提供交通恢复信息服务。

强化黄金一小时救护制

法国的实践表明，对于交通事故重伤者，在30分钟内获救，其生存率为80%，在90分钟内获救，其生存率仅为10%以下，而我国交通事故死亡者中大约40%为当场死亡，60%死于送往医院途中或在医院中死亡。据我国卫生部的资料表明, 在1000例交通事故伤者中, 只有14.3%乘救护车到达医院。

这就是医学界的抢救“黄金一小时”法则。对受伤人员的抢救越及时，一些病危伤员越有可能保住生命。交通事故发生后第一到达现场的往往是过往的车辆驾驶人、乘车人非专业救助人员，这些非专业的救助人员才是最有条件在“黄金一小时”内采取措施抢救受伤人员的人。

因此，建议对每个申请考取机动车驾驶执照的人，都必须让其接受医疗组织的必要的急救知识培训，掌握在交通事故现场对受伤人员的初步救护技能。并且出台相应的交通法规，从法律上规定对途经事故现场车辆驾驶员都有责任和义务对事故伤害者进行救助并发送呼救信号。

规范服务行业发展

规范道路救援行业，救援公司明码标价，消费者一目了然，自主选择。现在这类道路救援服务服务卡在淘宝、拍拍、阿里巴巴等网络上都已经有不同的品牌可供选择了，可以比服务质量，比服务范围，比价格。相关职能部门完善相关的法律法规，规范收费、经营、服务，不能让这个越来越大的市场自由发展，应该针对各种排量的汽车，在各种可能出现的情况下制定一个指导价，确定企业可上下浮动的范围。

汽车道路救援行业由汽车维修业衍生而得到发展，应当集成相关职能部门的积极性，相互支持与配合， 尽快出台行业规范，对汽车道路救援的服务标准、质量等统一规范。统一由一个专门的部门来管理这个行业，促进汽车修理厂、汽修小作坊、和专业的汽车道路救援公司等整个行业的发展，满足人们愈来愈多的汽车出行需要。

延伸救援服务、完善救援网络

构建全国自驾车流通服务平台，借鉴国际化运营实践经验，在管理模式、服务标准等方面，提供专业支持和技术保障。构建汽车道路救援网，为自驾车出行提供保障，统一建设全国自驾游道路救援服务站作为专业化服务网络，提供快捷的拖车救援服务、建设自驾游活动基地或营地、承担为自驾车出行者提供专业服务保障的重大责任。

建设中国汽车流通协会汽车俱乐部分会，完善全国性汽车俱乐部行业组织。加快呼叫中心系统、GPS定位系统、客户关系管理系统、决策支持系统搭建的道路救援服务系统，解决自驾车主对服务资源需求的优化配置。

建立全国性的免费道路救援服务，由e修联盟组织的众多维修企业共同联合，互帮互助，共同为车主提供任何城市都免费的救援服务联盟正在建立，如接电服务、紧急送油、紧急加水、更换轮胎、拖车牵引等项目完全免费。使企业和车主合作共赢，互惠互利，保障放心出行，安全出游。[1]

面临问题

目前我国汽车维修救援市场主要面临以下一些问题：一是救援企业小、散、弱，各自为政，难成气候；二是服务不规范、价格不统一，宰客现象不断；三是人们对汽车救援行业的认知度不高；四是一些企业从业人员素质低，救援手段落后，无法提供高质量的救援服务。

Road comes to help aid of close emergency treatment of road of driveway pointing to steam, for breakdown car advocate offer the spot small long wait for a service; Also show traffic accident road comes to help at the same time, include dredge of the wounded cure, road to wait. Generally speaking, road comes to help is to should collect fees, the means that is collection only somewhat difference.

Chinese name

Road comes to help

Include

The car tightens emergency treatment hold, the wounded cure

Foreign rescuing concept

Restore travel

Action

Reduce traffic accident personal casualty and belongings loss

Relevant provision

About building traffic accident the announcement of fast rescue mechanism

Collect fees circumstance

Generally speaking, road comes to help is to should collect fees

Face a problem

Rescuing enterprise comes loose weak, service acknowledge of non-standard, industry is spent not tall, from quality of personnel of course of study low

Foreign circumstance

Road rescuing service is in abroad early already exceeding maturity. Code of emergency treatment aid is tightened in road transportation accident plan of setting of construction, orgnaization, rescuing team, emergency treatment is decision-making ensure the respect such as the system with support, formed more perfect urgent rescuing system, produced main effect to reduce traffic accident personal casualty and belongings loss.

The United States built those who perfect inside countrywide limits " urgent rescuing medical treatment serves a system (EmergencyMedical Service System, abbreviate is EMS) " , although this system is used at offerring urgent medical treatment to come to help to the person get hurt in traffic accident, but more emphasize particularly on the configuration of medical treatment resource and urgent beforehand of the case make. Germany is different, it goes up in the foundation of existing medical treatment natural resources and lash-up method, formed a special traffic accident alone quick response and mechanism of aid of close emergency treatment. Western developed country tightens respect of emergency treatment aid to have a lot of advanced experience and successful way in traffic accident.

From the point of rescuing orgnaization, the rescuing concept of western country is to restore travel, the car that should let anchor with the shortest time namely continues travel. Want to achieve this one goal, the demand that repairs quickly to the spot is very high, repair equipment, spare parts the technology that includes to trim staff quickly, quickly to wait.

Country develops

China from on 90 time have the century, retain as each district car of the quantity climb stage by stage litre, traffic accident is added gradually much, road comes to help begin to start development:

Linkage of rescuing function across

The Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Public Health allotted jointly on January 10, 2002 " about building traffic accident the announcement of fast rescue mechanism " , specific requirement each district builds traffic accident fast rescue mechanism, come true " 110 " , " 120 " and " 122 " linkage of emergency treatment information and feedback system, cogent increase capacity of emergency treatment of traffic trouble spot. Partial province, municipality directly under the Central Government also established road transportation rescuing committee, and corresponding committee established in prefectural town, coach its traffic accident tightens pressing rescuing job.

In city life, pressing rescuing job can rely on road transportation to tighten urgent deliverance system at the city. Center of urban first aid reachs the emergency treatment network that belongs to, its system is built and emergency treatment network already matured quite relatively, and be in the whole nation is preliminary already formed Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Chongqing 4 kinds of mode. The city is urgent deliverance system is compositive all sorts of information and communication resource, accident of stage of Wu of 110 newspapers police uniform, 119 fire alarm, 120 emergency treatment, 122 traffic calls the police the stage brings into unified command to attemper system, make not only departmental door, each alarm area and each alarm kind formed those who unite to attemper platform, dispersive, mechanism does not arrange the power in solving active road rescuing job and equipment lags behind wait for a state, raise the quick response of road transportation accident, rescuing ability and scientific and decision-making level. The trend that makes the career of traffic emergency treatment of our country faster is perfected and mature.

Accident of transportation of our country road tightens pressing rescuing job, of the development as socioeconomy and social security system perfect reach public security, wholesome, fire control, municipal coordinate what wait for a branch with insurance further, from the legal laws and regulations related the country, or local byelaw, the director branch that makes clear as soon as possible or but the administrative regulations of the basis comes aggrandizement management road comes to help. The rescuing power that produces unified whole is made, face quick and efficient development, make sure transportation is safe, reduce accident loss, protect life property security, compose builds the liaison man of smooth harmony.

Rescuing force is centered stage by stage

Inchoate and general it is of a few high-grade cars industry of insurance of carry out hind, finance is client of member of a few high end to provide free form a complete set honour enjoyed high end serves content, to now this kind of service also has developed quite quite mature, general situation, service quality and service area are relatively mature also.

As the amplification of market demand, road comes to help now besides provide free service for member or orgnaization only beyond, also appeared to come to help the service gets stuck, should hand in only a few money, can enjoy free rescuing service inside time limit. This also greatly went to the lavatory to often drive go out, do not love to oneself start work, contemporary and youthful tuft, female drives the friend waits not to understand safeguard, love this kind of driving group only. General bank insurance is other even high-end club has offerred free form a complete set to serve for the member, the petrochemical in be like cheers card.

Truly can capable to do those who cover the throughout the country to include: Er of Meng Di moxa (the whole world that install couplet comes to help) , medium couplet car alliance, Lu Hua comes to help (subsidiary of rescuing China of graceful blessing international) , card of vehicle of international SOS, car, medium a few petrifaction, restful insurance, the rescuing group that car vehicle blocks is the rescuing group that the whole nation carries international IOS9001-2000 first times, also be the first is accomplished truly without seam those who cover the throughout the country, the first truly termless (take no account of course of development, frequency, area namely) completely free rescuing service orgnaization.

Standardization

At present Chinese car rescuing market is moving toward standardization orbit stage by stage, from the scattered management that do not have foreword the trend focuses network management, from the client executive trend serves a client, open from out-of-the-way trend. As the arrival of informatization times, car advocate it is easier and easier also to obtain rescuing service.

Above all, the rescuing service that accompanying market demand major manages company emerge as the times require, it will be dealer of car manufacturer, car, professional come to help executive orgnaization and client conformity are together, formed it is central carrier with car, it is in order to serve oriented, it is a tenet in order to settle client a pressing need, offer standardization for the client, specialization, legal system is changed, human nature is changed and quick the service that change.

Next, brand 4S inn also deployed professional tow truck, had for brand car client and the rescuing service function that have demand client.

The 3rd, be aimed at the scattered car inside extensive blame network advocate, special rescuing panel / the overhaul factory that the branch breaks away from 4S inn and tradition stage by stage begins to establish company independent operation.

Equipment construction

In vast a rural area, of rescuing force disperse and come to help the lack of funds, amount of urgent rescuing equipment is insufficient, the technology is backward, comparative especially the hospital of villages and towns of one part does not have an ambulance, the ambulance of hospital of partial county class also already extended active duty. Once produce accident of great liaison man, these areas are forced from assemble elsewhere rescuing equipment (if car is torn open,defeat implement) , breakdown lorry cannot set out in time and choose first-rate rescuing route, to trouble spot not familiar, incur loss through delay finishs sth the rescuing time of reason, serious incur loss through delay valuable rescuing time.

The relief car that rescuing orgnaization of accident of transportation of our country road is like the place such as policeman, insurance company, average rescuing company to belong to is formed unified allocate, also can improve rescuing efficiency.

Come to help beforehand case classification processing

Current, our country each are big in policeman detachment of the city and policeman group, all wove to accident of common liaison man and accident of heavy especially big traffic aid of corresponding close emergency treatment beforehand case, direct orgnaization, rescuer comes to help to divided the work to all make clear demand to traffic accident in the case beforehand.

Our country since 2000, the number that dies every year at traffic accident is controlled in 100 thousand person, on average everyday near 300 people die at road transportation accident, deadly rate is amounted to 17% the left and right sides, this and developed country deadly rate compares the traffic accident of 2% tower above is 9 times closer. In the person that die in the light of accident of transportation of our country road about 60% it is to die at sending toward the hospital in road, or be die in the hospital. Serve as with the number of victim of the traffic when accident happening classification condition, avoid to regard serious especially big accident as " general " traffic accident undertakes handling, can rescue traffic accident to get hurt greatly personnel.

Strengthen the traffic control of trouble spot

Strengthen the traffic control to trouble spot, the cure that pays attention to the wounded at the same time protects rescuing job. For the rescue of the spot the job offers favorable order, reduce the traffic that causes by traffic accident to have a problem, it is inside accident incidence, the car that is track site and pedestrian provide news service, can offer car when necessary circuitous plan, ensure road transportation is safe, expedite, avoid the happening of the accident 2 times. The traffic of the dredge of order of traffic of the maintenance that does infrastructure of good liaison man, spot and accident ahead a section of a highway is revulsive wait for the job, it is after trouble removal end, cancel offers traffic to restore information to serve to the traffic control of the accident.

A hour of relieve a sick or injured person makes aggrandizement gold

French practice makes clear, to the person that traffic accident is hurt again, be rescued inside 30 minutes, its survival rate is 80% , be rescued inside 90 minutes, its survival rate is only 10% the following, and in the person that accident of our country traffic dies about 40% to die on the spot, 60% in dying at sending toward hospital road or die in the hospital. The material that seizes our country Ministry of Public Health makes clear, in the person that 1000 traffic accident is hurt, only 14.3% reach a hospital by the ambulance.

The rescue that this is medical bound " gold a hour " law. To getting hurt the rescue of personnel is jumped over seasonable, a few sick into death the wounded maintain life more likely. The first those who reach the spot often is associate with car after traffic accident happens drives the person, person that take a car is not professional deliverance personnel, these deliverance personnel that are not major just are the most conditional in " gold a hour " inside adopt measure rescue to get hurt the person of personnel.

Accordingly, the proposal applies for the person of driving licence of motor vehicle of pass an entrance examination to every, the necessary emergency treatment knowledge that must let its accept medical treatment to organize grooms, master in traffic trouble spot to getting hurt the skill of preliminary relieve a sick or injured person of personnel. And publish corresponding highway code, be opposite from jural regulation driver of car of trouble spot of by way of is responsible the person that harm to the accident with obligation undertakes deliverance erupts simultaneously send cry for help signal.

Normative service industry develops

Normative road rescuing industry, rescuing company plain code marks a price, consumer be clear at a glance, own alternative. Card of service of rescuing service of this kind of road is in now naughty treasure, pat pat, there has been different brand to be able to offer an alternative on the network such as Alibaba, can compare service quality, than serving limits, than the price. Relevant function branch perfects relevant legal laws and regulations, the standard collects fees, manage, service, the market freedom that cannot make this bigger and bigger develops, should be aimed at all sorts of cars that discharge an amount, a directive price is established below all sorts of circumstances that appear possibly, certain business can fluctuate floating limits.

Car road comes to help to the industry is derived by course of study of vehicle maintenance and repair and get developing, ought to the enthusiasm of branch of compositive and relevant function, mutual support and cooperate, publish industry standard as soon as possible, wait for uniform standard to the service standard that car road comes to help, quality. Unified by special section runs this industry, stimulative garage, steam repairs the small mill, car road with major to come to help the development of the whole industry such as the company, the car with contented more and more people gives a need.

Outspread rescuing service, perfect rescuing network

Compose builds the whole nation to drive wagon flow to connect service platform oneself, draw lessons from internationalization operation to carry out experience, running the side such as standard of mode, service, provide professional support and technical safeguard. Compose builds car road rescuing network, go out to provide safeguard all right to drive oneself, unified construction whole nation is driven oneself swim road rescuing service station serves as specialization service network, offer quick trailer to come to help service, construction is driven oneself swim mobile base or camping ground, assume the weighty responsibility that gives the person that go to offer professional service to ensure to drive oneself.

Wagon flow of construction China steam opens branch of association car club, perfect organization of trade of national car club. The way that mends relation of call center system, GPS location system, client to manage system of system, decision-making support to build comes to help service system, solve drive oneself advocate to service resource demand optimize configuration.

Build national free path to come to help service, the numerous maintenance business that builds allied organization by E is combined jointly, each other side helps each other, it is a car jointly advocate offer the rescuing service alliance with any free cities to be being built, if receive report service, urgent send oily, urgent add water, change the project such as drawing of tire, trailer is completely free. Make enterprise and car advocate cooperative win-win, mutually beneficial mutual benefit, safeguard is at ease a travel, safe go on a journey. [1]

Face a problem

At present rescuing market of our country vehicle maintenance and repair basically is faced with a few more the following problem: It is rescuing enterprise small, medicinal powder, weak, each does things in his own way, difficult make good; 2 it is a service non-standard, price is skimble-scamble, the phenomenon that slaughter a guest is ceaseless; 3 it is people is spent to the acknowledge of automobile rescuing industry not tall; 4 it is a few enterprises from quality of personnel of course of study low, rescuing method is backward, cannot provide the rescuing service of high quality.