1、改革开放
1979年,在中共中央“指导下”,全国农村逐步开始实行以家庭联产承包为主的责任制,即“分田包产到户,自负盈亏”。 1979年7月15日中共中央、国务院决定在深圳、珠海、汕头和厦门试办经济特区。
改革开放初期,引进外资基本上处于尝试阶段,主要来源是外国政府贷款。引进外资,提供免税优惠期,合作办厂. 学习吸收国外企业资本管理营销方法。创造了大量就业机会,加速了对外贸易发展,提高了经济的国际竞争力。
外资促进了国民经济持续快速健康发展,有效弥补了国内建设资金的不足,促进了国内技术进步和管理水平的提高,推动了产业结构调整和升级,以劳动密集型的加工项目和宾馆、服务设施等第三产业项目居多。
到二十世纪90年代中后期,外商投资的重点,从纺织、轻工等劳动密集型产业发展到电子通讯业、汽车制造和化学工业等资本和技术密集型产业。
1982年农村改革开始如火如荼的行进,承包生产责任制在农村得到普遍推广,农业生产大幅提高,农民收入大幅增加,困扰中国多年的粮食问题得到大幅度解决。
2、中国首位奥运冠军的产生
许海峰在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上夺得男子手枪60发慢射冠军,成为本届奥运会首金得主,同时也是中国首位奥运冠军,实现了中国奥运会历史上金牌“零”的突破。
3、北京奥运会
第29届夏季奥林匹克运动会,2008年8月8日晚上8时整在中华人民共和国首都北京举办。
2008年北京奥运会共有参赛国家及地区204个,参赛运动员11438人,设302项(28种)运动,共有60000多名运动员、教练员和官员参加。
2008年北京奥运会共创造43项新世界纪录及132项新奥运纪录,共有87个国家和地区在赛事中取得奖牌,中国以51枚金牌居金牌榜首名,是奥运历史上首个登上金牌榜首的亚洲国家。
4、香港回归
中华人民共和国政府决定在1997年7月1日对香港恢复行使主权,大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国政府于1997年7月1日将香港交还给中华人民共和国。
英国开始对香港的殖民统治,时间是在第一次鸦片战争时,当时清政府战败于1842年8月29日与英国签订的《南京条约》,将香港岛及鸭脷洲割让给英国。
1860年10月,第二次鸦片战争时清政府再次战败,被迫签订《北京条约》,将九龙半岛(时称九龙司地方一区)界限街以南及昂船洲交给英国管治。
1898年,清政府与英国签订《展拓香港界址专条》,将深圳河以南,界限街以北的230块大小岛屿总计975.1平方公里的土地租借给英国,并将租借地称为“新界”,租期为99年。从1898年7月1日开始,至1997年6月30日期满。从而占领香港全境。
1982年9月,英国政府与中华人民共和国政府开始就香港前途问题展开谈判。中华人民共和国拒绝承认《展拓香港界址专条》等所有相关不平等条约,只承认香港受英国管理,而非英国属地,并要求英国将香港岛和九龙连同新界一并交还。
1997年,英国政府决定将香港的主权交还给中国,但同时争取维持英国在香港的利益。
中英双方经过两年多达22轮的谈判,最终在1984年12月19日正式签署了《中英联合声明》,决定从1997年7月1日起,中国在香港成立特别行政区,开始对香港岛、界限街以南的九龙半岛、新界等土地重新行使主权和治权。
5、中国载人航天系列飞船
2003年10月15日,中国第一艘载人飞船“神舟五号”成功发射。中国首位航天员杨利伟成为浩瀚太空的第一位中国访客。
“神舟五号”21小时23分钟的太空行程,标志着中国已成为世界上继俄罗斯和美国之后第三个能够独立开展载人航天活动的国家。
2005年10月12日,中国第二艘载人飞船“神舟六号”成功发射,航天员费俊龙、聂海胜被顺利送上太空。17日凌晨,在经过115小时32分钟的太空飞行后,飞船返回舱顺利着陆。
“神舟六号”是中国第二艘搭载太空人的飞船,也是中国第一艘执行“多人多天”任务的载人飞船。这也是世界上人类的第243次太空飞行。飞船进行了中国载人航天工程的首次多人多天飞行试验,完成了中国真正意义上有人参与的空间科学实验。
2008年9月25日,中国第三艘载人飞船“神舟七号”成功发射,三名航天员翟志刚、刘伯明、景海鹏顺利升空。
“神舟七号”飞船载有三名宇航员分别为翟志刚(指令长)、刘伯明和景海鹏。“神舟七号”飞船候补梯队航天员分别为陈全(指令长)、费俊龙、聂海胜。主要任务是实施中国航天员首次空间出舱活动,同时开展卫星伴飞、卫星数据中继等空间科学和技术试验。
随着“天宫一号”的成功发射,中国将依次发射““神舟九号”、“神舟十号”飞船。
神舟九号飞船于2012年6月16日18时37分成功发射,中国航天员景海鹏、刘旺、刘洋将第一次入住“天宫”。33岁的刘洋也成为中国第一个飞向太空的女性。
托举神九飞船的长征二号F遥九火箭,从酒泉卫星发射中心腾空而起。这是长征火箭的第165次发射,也是神舟飞船的第四次载人飞行。
北京时间2013年6月11日17时38分许,中国长征二号F运载火箭在酒泉卫星发射中心载人航天发射场点火起飞,将神舟十号载人飞船发射升空。中国航天员聂海胜、张晓光、王亚平搭乘神舟十号飞船出征太空。
与以往神舟飞船相比,神舟十号是中国载人天地往返运输系统的首次应用性飞行。飞船入轨后,按照预定程序,先后与天宫一号进行一次自动交会对接和一次航天员手控交会对接。组合体飞行期间,航天员进驻天宫一号,并开展了航天医学实验、技术试验及太空授课活动。
神舟十一号飞船于2016年10月17日7时30分在中国酒泉卫星发射中心发射的神舟载人飞船,目的是为了更好地掌握空间交会对接技术,开展地球观测和空间地球系统科学、空间应用新技术、空间技术和航天医学等领域的应用和试验。神舟十一号由长征二号FY11运载火箭发射。
飞行乘组由两名男性航天员景海鹏和陈冬组成,景海鹏担任指令长。神舟十一号飞船由中国空间技术研究院总研制,飞船入轨后经过2天独立飞行完成与天宫二号空间实验室自动对接形成组合体 。
神舟十一号是中国载人航天工程三步走中从第二步到第三步的一个过渡,为中国建造载人空间站做准备。神舟十一号飞行任务是我国第6次载人飞行任务,也是中国持续时间最长的一次载人飞行任务,总飞行时间长达33天。
1, reforming and opening
1979, in the Central Committee of Communist Party of China " below guidance " , countrywide country begins to execute stage by stage produce with domestic couplet contract the system of job responsibility that give priority to, namely " the fixing of farm output quotas for each household that divide cropland, assume sole responsibility for its profits or losses " .
Initial stage of reforming and opening, introduce foreign capital to basically be in attempt phase, main source is foreign government loan. Introduce foreign capital, offer duty-free privilege period, collaboration runs a plant. Study absorbs foreign company capital to manage sale method. Created opportunity of many obtain employment, accelerated foreign trade development, enhanced international competition ability of economy.
Foreign capital promoted national economy to last fast health develops, made up for home effectively to build the inadequacy of capital, those who promoted domestic technology progress and level of management rise, promoted an industry structural adjustment and upgrade, in order to work concentrated model the tertiary industy project such as facilities of treatment project and guesthouse, service is in the majority.
To 20 centuries the later period in 90 time, the key that the foreign trader invests, from spin, light industrial wait for labor concentrated model industrial development is made to electronic newsletter line of business, car and the capital such as chemical industry and technology intensive industry.
The country reformed those who begin like a raging fire to advance 1982, contract manufacturing system of job responsibility gets be popularizinged generally in the country, agricultural production rises considerably, farmer income increases considerably, perplex China's old grain issue to get be settlemented substantially.
2, the generation of champion of Olympic Games of Chinese first place
Xu Haifeng is in carried off 60 hair fire man pistol slow on los angeles Olympic Games 1984 champion, become current Olympic Games to meet a golden winner, also be champion of Olympic Games of Chinese first place at the same time, realized the gold on history of Chinese Olympic Games " 0 " breakthrough.
3, Beijing Olympic Games
Olympic Games of the 29th summer, on August 8, 2008 in the evening 8 when whole hold in Beijing of capital of People's Republic of China.
Beijing Olympic Games is mutual 2008 take part in the match country and area 204, take part in the match 11438 people of athlete, set 302 (28 kinds) motion, share many 60000 athlete, trainer and official to attend.
Beijing Olympic Games created record of 43 new worlds and record of 132 new Olympic Gameses in all 2008, share 87 countries and area to obtain medal in the match, china resides gold a list of names posted up with 51 gold first, it is on Olympic Games history first ascend gold a list of names posted up the Asian country of first.
4, Hong Kong regression
Government of People's Republic of China decides to regained exercise sovereignty to Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, britannic reach government of Northern Ireland U.k. to gave People's Republic of China Hong Kong reassign on July 1, 1997.
England begins to dominate to the colony of Hong Kong, time is to be when first time the Opium War, be defeated of clear at that time government signed with England on August 29, 1842 " Nanjing treaty " , hong Kong island and duck Man continent alienations England.
In October 1860, government of the Qing Dynasty when the 2nd the Opium War again be defeated, be forced to sign " Beijing treaty " , 9 dragon peninsula (when call place of 9 dragon department one area) bounds street with south reach hold boat continent high to give English horn is treated.
1898, clear government and England are signed " location of bound of the Hong Kong that exhibit develop only " , shenzhen river with south, bounds street the earthy land rent of 975.1 square kilometer lends the add up to of 230 size islands with north England, call leased territory " new Territories " , lease is 99 years. Begin from July 1, 1898, come to expired on June 30, 1997. Thereby whole area of occupational Hong Kong.
September 1982, british government and government of People's Republic of China begin to launch a negotiation with respect to problem of Hong Kong future. People's Republic of China rejects to admit " location of bound of the Hong Kong that exhibit develop only " wait for all and relevant unequal treaty, admit Hong Kong gets British government only, apanage of England of and rather than, ask island of British general Hong Kong and new Territories of 9 dragon along with along with all the others reassign.
1997, british government decision gives China the dominion reassign of Hong Kong, but strive for the interest that maintains England to be in Hong Kong at the same time.
Sino-British both sides passes the negotiation that amounts to two years 22 rounds, signed formally finally on December 19, 1984 " Sino-British combination states " , the decision rises from July 1, 1997, china establishs Special Administrative Region in Hong Kong, begin street of pair of Hong Kong islands, bounds to wait for land with the 9 dragon peninsula south, new Territories new exercise dominion and control right.
5, airship of series of Chinese manned spaceflight
On October 15, 2003, the first manned airship of Chinese " divine boat 5 " blast off successfully. Yang Liwei of spacefarer of Chinese first place becomes the visitor of the first China of vast aerospace.
"Divine boat 5 " space travels, the mark is worn after China already became Russia of the afterwards on the world and United States the 3rd nation that can develop manned spaceflight activity independently.
On October 12, 2005, the 2nd manned airship of Chinese " divine boat 6 " blast off successfully, spacefarer Fei Junlong, Nie Haisheng is served aerospace smoothly. 17 days of before dawn, after flying through aerospace, airship returns cabin to land smoothly.
"Divine boat 6 " the airship that is the 2nd embarking astronaut of Chinese, also be China is carried out the first times " much person much day " the manned airship of the task. This also is the flight of the 243rd space of the mankind on the world. Airship had project of Chinese manned spaceflight first flight of much person much day experiments, completed the dimensional science test that the somebody on Chinese real significance participates in.
On September 25, 2008, the 3rd manned airship of Chinese " divine boat 7 " blast off successfully, 3 spacefarers Di Zhigang, Liu Baiming, Jing Haipeng enters the space smoothly.
"Divine boat 7 " airship carries 3 astronaut to be Di Zhigang respectively (the instruction is long) , Liu Baiming and Jing Haipeng. "Divine boat 7 " spacefarer of backup echelon formation is airship respectively Chen Quan (the instruction is long) , Fei Junlong, Nie Haisheng. Main task is to carry out Chinese spacefarer first the space gives cabin activity, begin satellitic companion to fly at the same time, the dimensional science such as satellitic data relay and technical experiment.
As " heavenly palace " blast off successfully, china will be ordinal blast off " " divine boat 9 " , " divine boat 10 " airship.
Divine boat 9 airship on June 16, 2012 18 when 37 minutes of successes blast off, chinese spacefarer Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang, Liu Yang enters first time " heavenly palace " . Liu Yang of 33 years old also becomes the first woman of Chinese that flies to aerospace.
Hold in the palm lift a spirit the long march of 9 airship 9 rockets of 2 F Yao, project central rise high into the air from wine spring satellite and rise. Blast off the 165th times this is long march rocket, also be flight holding a person the 4th of divine boat airship.
Beijing time on June 11, 2013 17 when make 38 minutes, 2 F carrier rocket is in Chinese long march ignition of emissive field of manned spaceflight of emissive center of wine spring satellite takes off, divine boat 10 manned airship launch enter the space. Hai Sheng of Chinese spacefarer Nie, Zhang Xiaoguang, Wang Yaping takes divine boat aerospace of 10 airship go out for a battle.
With before photograph of divine boat airship is compared, divine boat is China carries what person scope of activity goes back and forth between carriage system to use sexual flight first 10. After airship enters path, according to book an order, early or late with heavenly palace one undertakes butt joint and spacefarer hand accuse to hand in meeting butt joint be handinged in automatically meeting. During assembly flies, the spacefarer is garrisoned heavenly palace one, developed schoolteaching activity of experiment of spaceflight medicine experiment, technology and space.
Divine boat 11 airship on October 17, 2016 7 when the look that shoots a center 30 minutes in satellite of Chinese wine spring Zhou Zairen airship, the purpose is to master a space to make technology of meeting butt joint better, the application that develops earthly observation and science of dimensional world system, space to use the field such as new technology, vacuum technique and spaceflight medicine and experiment. Divine boat by long march 11 numbers 2 FY11 carrier rocket blasts off.
The flight is multiplied group by two males spacefarer Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong are comprised, jing Haipeng holds the position of an instruction to grow. Divine boat 11 airship always are developed by academy of Chinese vacuum technique, the flight becomes independent to finish through 2 days after airship enters path with heavenly palace 2 spaces lab forms assembly automatically to receiving.
Divine boat is project of Chinese manned spaceflight 11 3 paces go medium to transfer to a of the 3rd pace from the 2nd pace, build station of space holding a person to prepare for China. Divine boat flies 11 numbers the task is our country holds person flight job the 6th times, also be task of flight holding a person Chinese duration is the longest, total flight time is as long as 33 days.