以画绘心怎么运用到心理健康教育中？英文双语对照

自古以来，绘画艺术就广泛应用于人类的精神与心理健康的各个领域。绘画与心理康复之间的关系就是一个古老而常谈的话题。

1.人类为何要绘画？

人类何以热衷于绘画？特别是那些年幼的人类小孩。

但是，将绘画与心理的功能联结起来，绘画可以起到心理康复的作用，这是18世纪以来的事，绘画心理分析与治疗作为个以偶职业出现也是20世纪40年代以来才发生的。

如果要追根溯源，绘画与人类心理康复的关系可以在不同历史时期和不同的民族文化中寻找到痕迹。例如史前洞穴中的岩画、古埃及木乃伊上的防御性符号，藏传佛教徒绘制的沙质曼陀罗等等，这些痕迹都是我们现在的绘画疗法可以追寻的源源，同时，也表明。绘画对于身心健康的作用一直以来就没有从人类的意识领域消失。

诸多学科对绘画与心理康复关系的研究也支持绘画治疗效用。

神经学与精神病学的研究表明，图像有激活生理心理过程的力量；社会学的研究证实，审美和绘画创作具有生理性根源，即审美来源于天生的一种倾向；艺术史学的理论认为，洞穴艺术是对年幼者适应复杂生活的一种灌输过程，让他们从绘画中获取生存的诸多信息；人类学家认为，绘画和其他艺术，例如游戏等，可以为幼小孩子的未来成年生活提供演练机会，经常观看绘画，可以培养幼小者的视觉区分能力，因为视觉区分能力不但在自然界中提供导航能力，也是辨认面孔、面部表情的手段，为适应社会铺平道路；物理学与知觉神经学家的研究证明，心理图像与外部世界物体图像激活相同的神经通路，图像对大脑有刺激活跃的功能，对情绪调适有益；进化心理学对绘画与心理康复的关系是这样评价的，他说绘画活动能让人产生满足感，起到提高自尊的效果；认知心理学认为，绘画活动不仅可以改善情绪智力，而且还可以增强快感，促进心理功能的协调发展；健康心理学家认为，绘画活动可以通过意象形式将那些隐藏在身体内的负性情绪表达出来，临床心理学的研究表明，只有释放躯体内的生理应激，心理康复才有可能，绘画可以直接与那些消极的、痛苦的或恐惧的情绪相连。

2.绘画心理分析与治疗的应用领域主要在以下几个方面。

绘画心理分析与治疗对画者自我意象改变有促进作用，通过绘画让画者审视自我意象，探索成长中的问题，促进画者情感的整合；绘画心理分析与治疗可以改善个体的自尊水平和自我概念，绘画创作对面临家庭和发展问题的画者，可以缓解来自家庭和社会的压力，强化自我意识，提高自尊水平，协调自我同一性；绘画心理分析与治疗可以改进个体的社会交往技能，团体绘画，例如接龙画、交替画等，可以培养画者的沟通能力、训练画者的社交技能，促进画者的社会化；绘画心理分析与治疗可以促进个体的语言发展、语言表达，绘画虽然是视觉性语言，但是在画画以后，治疗师会让画者说画或根据图画讲故事，这个过程就是画者学习表达和如何表达的一次次训练，有助于画者有条理的表达画意；绘画心理分析与治疗可以改善个体的认知能力，训练个体的注意力、观察力、想象力；绘画心理分析与治疗在临床咨询中的作用，表现在省时、省力，容易操作，让不善表达者说"画"，绘画是一个个体全身心参与的过程，触动画者的内在世界；绘画心理分析与治疗在心理危机中的应用，可以抚慰创伤体验、宣泄负性情绪、治疗丧失经验、整合破裂的自我。

由此可以看出，绘画心理分析与治疗在以上领域都可以发挥独特的作用，这种独特性在于绘画心理分析与治疗的过程与绘画创作是一个并行的过程，画者不但全身心参与，而且还会创作出独立于画者的画作，同时，画者还要审视自己的杰作，并与治疗师互动，在这些活动中，都有触动画者的作用在发生，于是治疗或者咨询就开始了。

From of old, painterly art applies extensively at each domains of human spirit and mental health. The relation between brushwork and psychological rehabilitation is old and the topic that often talks.

Why should 1. mankind draw?

Why is the mankind fond of brushwork? Especially those years young human child.

But, the function of brushwork and psychology coupling rises, brushwork can have the effect that recovers to psychology, this is the thing since 18 centuries, painterly psycho and cure serve as with occasionally also 20 centuries just produce the profession appears since 40 time.

If want get to the bottom of sth to trace to the source, brushwork and the relation that human psychology recovers can be in different history period and different ethical culture search a trace. For example the defence sex symbol on the cliff picture in prehistoric burrow, Gu Ai and mummy, tibet passes the sandiness mandala of Buddhist scale to wait a moment, these traces are us the in a steady stream that present painterly therapeutics can pursue, in the meantime, also make clear. The action with healthy to body and mind brushwork all the time since did not disappear from recognizant domain of the mankind.

The research that a lot of course concerns to brushwork and psychological rehabilitation also supports brushwork to treat effectiveness.

Neurology and psycho research make clear, image has the power of process of activation physiology psychology; Sociological research confirms, aesthetic have physiology sex parent with painterly creation, namely aesthetic originate a kind of natural tendency; The theory of artistic historiography thinks, burrow art is right year young person one kind when get used to complicated life engrafts process, let them get existent a lot of information from inside brushwork; Anthropologist thinks, brushwork and other art, for example game, the prospective manhood life that can be little child offers drilling opportunity, often watch brushwork, can foster little person the vision is divisional ability, because the vision is divisional ability not only navigation capability is provided in nature, also be to identify the method of face, countenance, level to get used to a society road; Domestic research proves physics and conscious neurology, the nerve route with psychological image and same activation of image of object of the outer world, image has exciting and active function to cerebrum, adjust to the mood beneficial; The relation that developmental psychology recovers to brushwork and psychology is such evaluations, he says to draw vivid kinetic energy lets a person produce contented move, rise to improve proud result; Cognitive psychology thinks, painterly activity can improve mood intelligence not only, and still can enhance pleasure, the harmony of stimulative psychology function develops; Healthy psychologist thinks, the expression of negative disposition mood that draws the activity can pass image form to conceal those inside the body comes out, the research of clinical psychology makes clear, release the unripe behoove inside the body to stimulate only, psychology recovers ability is possible, brushwork is OK and direct as inactive as those, painful or scared mood is linked together.

The applied domain of painterly psycho and cure basically is in 2. the following respects.

Painterly psycho and change of image of ego of the person that treat pair of strokes have stimulative effect, the person that yield a picture through brushwork examines ego image, explore the issue in growing, promote conformity of affective of the person that draw; Painterly psycho and cure can improve individual proud level and self concept, the draw person of family and development problem is faced on painterly creation, can alleviate the pressure that comes from family and society, aggrandizement self-awareness, raise proud level, coordinate ego oneness; Painterly psycho and cure can improve individual social association technical ability, the organization is painterly, receive Long Hua, alternant picture to wait for example, the gregarious skill of the person that the communication ability of the person that can develop a stroke, training is drawn, promote the socialization of the person that draw; Painterly psycho and cure can promote expression of individual language development, language, although brushwork is visual sex language, but after be being drawn in the picture, the person that remedial division can yield a picture says a picture or according to drawing taletelling, how to study of the person that this process is drawn namely is conveyed and train of expression, conduce to the expressive picture meaning with the systimatic person that draw; Painterly psycho and cure can improve individual cognitive ability, train individual attention, observation, imagination; Painterly psycho and cure are in clinical the action in seeking advice, when expression is being saved, save labour, maneuverable, the person that allow not good at expression says " draws " , brushwork is the process that heart of each body whole body participates in, touch the immanent world of the person that draw; Painterly psycho and cure apply mediumly in psychological crisis, mood of negative disposition of OK and placatory traumatic experience, drain, cure loses ego of experience, integrated cracked.

Can see from this, painterly psycho and cure can produce distinct effect in above domain, the process that this kind of uniqueness depends on painterly psycho and cure and painterly creation are a collateral process, the person that draw not only systemic heart is participated in, and still can create an independence at the picture person draw, in the meantime, the person that draw examines his classic even, interact with remedial division, in these activities, the effect that has the person that touch a picture is in happen, be treated then or sought advice to begin.