美国主流文化是什么？ 主流文化和反主流文化的定义？英文双语对照

一、美国主流文化是什么？

首先美国是宗教文化，感到疑惑的是为什么那么崇尚自由的国家是宗教文化，他们的自由立身于宗教。

在美国人看来，不信基督的，和野蛮人没区别，无论财富多少，权势大小。不信教的野蛮人如果像我们中国平常人一样吃肉的话，在他们意识里很可怕，在他们看来那是吃自己的同类，都是未开化的民族。当然美国以自由为人的天性，无论哪个政党，或哪个时期的改革，自由是其最不能碰触或者是最容易提及的。美国思潮的变化非常快，但一直未变的还是宗教和自由，清教徒远渡大西洋来到北美，就是带着自由和宗教的执着来的，虽然一定程度上是迫于无奈，但内心的他们渴望开拓一个以现在美国思想为基础的国度的新世界。

二、主流文化和反主流文化的定义？

主流文化指的是在特定社会中代表和反映统治阶级的政治经济利益的文学、艺术、宗教、哲学、美学等等具有意识形态性质的上层建筑。中国现今的主流文化是中国特色社会主义先进文化，即以马克思主义并与之一脉相承的毛泽东思想和邓小平理论、三个代表、科学发展观等重大战略思想为指导的先进文化。弘扬真善美，鞭挞假恶丑，促进社会和谐。

三、世界主流文化？

主流文化（又称官方文化）是一个社会、一个时代受到倡导的、起着主要影响的文化。

每个时期都有当时的主流文化，我国封建社会的主流文化是儒家文化，自汉武帝“罢黜百家，独尊儒学”，直到清末，历代帝王都是崇尚儒学。

在西方，中世纪以来一直是以基督教文化为主流。

我国现阶段正处在社会主义建设之中，国家提倡的是有中国特色的社会主义文化，这种文化无疑是主流文化。但有人提出不同的看法，认为“中国特色社会主义文化”这个概念太大，马克思主义文化才是当代中国的主流文化。

四、非洲主流文化？

首先最值得一提的便是非洲的鼓。

其次是非洲木雕

三：非洲人绝顶的铁头功

四：非洲的礼仪及禁忌

五、日本的主流文化是什么？

日本的文化

一、茶道

茶道是一种独特的饮茶仪式和社会礼仪。

现代，茶道被用作训练集中精神，或者用于培养礼仪举止，为一般民众所广泛地接受。

日本国内有许多传授茶道各流派技法的学校，不少宾馆也设有茶室，可以轻松地欣赏到茶道的表演。

二，花道

花道作为一种在茶室内再现野外盛开的鲜花的技法而诞生。

因展示的规则和方法的有所不同，花道可分成20多种流派，日本国内也有许多传授花道各流派技法的学校。

另外，在宾馆、百货商店等各种场所，可以欣赏到装饰优美的插花艺术。

三，书道

提起书法，相信不少人会认为它是中国独有的一门艺术。

其实，书法在日本不仅盛行，更是人们修行养性的方式之一。

古代日本人称书法叫“入木道”或“笔道”，直到江户时代（17世纪），才出现“书道”这个名词。

四、相扑

相扑来源于日本神道的宗教仪式，起源于中国。

在奈良和平安时期，相扑是一种宫廷观赏运动，而到了镰仓战国时期，相扑成为武士训练的一部分，18世纪兴起了职业相扑运动，它与相扑比赛极为相似。

神道仪式强调相扑运动，比赛前的跺脚仪式（四顾）的目的是将场地中的恶鬼趋走，同时还起到放松肌肉的作用。

场地上还要撒盐以达到净化的目的。相扑手一旦达到了横纲，几乎就可以说是站在了日本相扑界的顶点，将拥有终身至高无上的荣耀。

五，和服

和服是日本传统民族服装的称呼，它在日本也称“着物”。和服是仿照中国隋唐服式和吴服改制的，所以在日本被称为“吴服”和“唐日本和服衣”，和服是西方人对吴服的称谓，日本人已经接受了这个称谓，但是很多卖和服的商店，还是写着“吴服”。

8世纪至9世纪，日本一度盛行过“唐风”服装。以后虽有改变形成日本独特的风格，但仍含有中国汉服的很多特色。妇女和服的款式和花色的差别是区别年龄和结婚与否的标志。

六、我国的主流文化是什么？

主流文化指的是在特定社会中代表和反映统治阶级的政治经济利益的文学、艺术、宗教、哲学、美学等等具有意识形态性质的上层建筑。中国现今的主流文化是中国特色社会主义先进文化，即以马克思主义并与之一脉相承的毛泽东思想和邓小平理论、三个代表、科学发展观等重大战略思想为指导的先进文化。弘扬真善美，鞭挞假恶丑，促进社会和谐。

七、鬼城文化是主流文化吗？

鬼城文化不可能是主流文化。因为鬼城文化就在丰都形成。鬼城文化从虚幻到实物，经历了两千多年的历史，将佛教、道教、儒家学说以及中国鬼文化有机结合起来。

又将巴渝文化、中原文化和域外文化结合在一起，还有各种民间神话传说想象与现实的结合。再加上建筑、雕塑、绘画等多种艺术形式结合起来，形成今天天下闻名的鬼城文化。

八、主流文化和亚文化关系？

可以看到，主流文化和亚文化的关系与共名和无名的关系的确非常类似。主流文化和亚文化对立统一，共名和无名也是如此；主流文化和共名都是一元的，而亚文化和无名都是多元的；主流文化和共名强调集体，亚文化和无名则强调个性。

不过，它们的含义并不完全相同，主流文化和亚文化侧重于文化的影响力，共名和无名则侧重于文化的主题。

九、亚文化符合主流文化吗？

是的。亚文化是主流文化的衍生物，虽然有自己独特的观念和生活方式，但本质上仍然与主流文化相同，包含有与主流文化相通的价值和观念。否则的话，亚文化就可以脱与离主流文化自成独立的体系了。

亚文化的种类繁多，仅就地域而言，我国众多的地方文化都属于中华文明衍生的亚文化。也正是因为亚文化的繁荣，才成就了文化的多样性。

十、美国的文化是什么文化？

美国，基本可以看作是实用主义文化。

从殖民主义者登上美洲大陆——屠杀印地安人，毁灭印地安文化再到经过五次战略转移……搞垮一个个竞争对手：从西班牙到中东，现在，正向中国全方位逼近——

但是，美国作为新生的移民国家，社会也可分为统治阶级文化和被统治阶级文化。前者的cNN，百老汇、好莱坞都是代表和输出美式的所谓"民主"的价值观、意识形态，是为美国全球霸权服务的，这部分可以看作是占领者文化；后者如海明威、马克·吐温、卓别林等作家艺术家及其作品，包括《推销员之死》等，一定程度具有或代表着人民性。

此外，如可口可乐、肯得基等资本输入的市场形态，蕴育的隐形的快餐文化和冠冕堂皇呈现的消费主义文化。

对此，我们有必要做全面、冷静、理性、一分为二的判断和取舍。

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英文翻译对照，仅供参考

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One, what is American mainstream culture?

Above all the United States is religious culture, those who feel interrogative is why so advocate free country is religious culture, their freedom establishs a body at religion.

Look in American, do not believe Christian, do not have distinction with Goth, no matter fortune how many, ascendancy size. If the Goth of lack of faith makes the same score the word that the flesh takes like the ordinary person like our China, very terrible in their consciousness, looking in them is then those who eat oneself is congener, it is uncivilized nation. Of course the nature that the United States is a person with freedom, wh whichever political party, or the reform of which period, freedom is its can touch what touch or allude the most easily least of all. The change of American thoughts is very sharp, but what did not change all the time still is religion and freedom, puritan far cross Atlantic to come to North America, the persistence that taking freedom and religion namely comes, although be on certain level by force of but, but their longing of the heart develops a new world with the country that American thought is a foundation now.

2, mainstream culture and the definition that turn over mainstream culture?

The literature that what mainstream culture points to is the political economy increase that be represented in specific society and reflects regime, artistic, religion, philosophy, aesthetic has the superstructure of ideological property etc. The mainstream culture of Chinese nowadays is Chinese characteristic socialism advanced culture, develop the major strategy thought such as view 3 the Mao Zedong Thought of come down in one continuous line and Deng Xiaoping theory, delegates, scientificly to be directive advanced culture to it with the Marxism namely. Promote the true, lash the holiday is evil ugly, stimulative society is harmonious.

3, world mainstream culture?

Mainstream culture (call the government culture again) it is an a society, times be advocated, the culture that having main effect.

Every period has the mainstream culture at that time, the mainstream culture of our country feudal society is Confucianist culture, from Chinese fierce emperor " v/LIT dismiss from office a hunderd schools, alone honour Confucianism learn " , till clear minor details, past dynasties monarch is to advocate Confucianism learn.

In the west, mediaeval since it is with christian culture is the mainstream all the time.

Our country shows level to lying in socialistic construction, what the country advocates is the socialistic culture that has Chinese distinguishing feature, this kind of culture is mainstream culture undoubtedly. But the view that somebody offers to differ, think " culture of Chinese characteristic socialism " this idea is too old, marxism culture just is the mainstream culture of contemporary China.

4, African mainstream culture?

What be worth to be carried most above all is African beat.

It is African woodcarving next

3: The iron head result with zenithal african

4: Of Africa formal reach contraindication

5, what is mainstream culture of Japan?

Japanese culture

One, tea path

Tea path is a kind drink tea distinctly ceremony and society are formal.

Contemporary, tea path is used as training to concentrate mind, perhaps raise formal manner with Yu Pei, accept widely for grass-roots place.

There is a lot of imparting inside Japan tea the school of law of each genre ability, many guesthouse also set teahouse, enjoy the performance that to tea easily.

2, spend

The ability law that beautiful path regards a kind of flower that blooms in field of the emersion inside teahouse as and be born.

Because of the regulation that reveal and method differ somewhat, beautiful path can be divided into a variety of 20 genre, japanese home also has a lot of imparting to spend the school of law of each genre ability.

Additional, all sorts of places wait in guesthouse, department store, can admire the land belonging to one production unit but enclosed in that of another skill with beautiful adornment.

3, book path

Mention calligraphy, believe many people can think it is China's particular art.

Actually, calligraphy is in Japan not only be current, it is one of kind that people cultivate oneself according to a religious doctrine raises a gender more.

Calligraphy of archaic Japan person cries " the path that join wood " or " the pen " , till river door times (17 centuries) , just appear " the book " this noun.

4, sumo

Sumo originates the ritual of Japanese spirit way, traceable China.

In Nai fine and restful period, sumo is a kind of palace views and admire motion, and arrived sickle storehouse period of the Warring States, sumo makes the one part that the cavalier trains, 18 centuries are arisen professional sumo moves, it and sumo competition are very similar.

Divine way ceremony emphasizes sumo moving, the stamp ceremony before the match (Sigu) the purpose is place medium cacodaemon hasten takes, still rise to loosen sarcous action at the same time.

The purpose that salt purifies with achieving is scattered even on field. Once sumo hand obtained horizontal program, can saying almost is the acme that stands in Japanese sumo bound, will have lifelong sovereign honor.

5, kimono

Kimono is the appellation of dress of Japanese traditional nation, it also says in Japan " move content " . Kimono is to follow Tang Fu type and Wu Fu change Chinese the Sui Dynasty make, be called in Japan so " Wu Fu " and " the Tang Dynasty Japanese kimono garment " , kimono is Hesperian the appellation to Wu Fu, japanese had accepted this appellation, but a lot of stores that sell kimono, still writing " Wu Fu " .

8 centuries come 9 centuries, japan for a time be current passes " Tang Feng " dress. Although have a change,form Japan's distinctive color later, but a lot of distinguishing feature that still contain Chinese Chinese to take. The difference of the design of woman kimono and design and color is discriminative age is mixed marry mark.

6, what is the mainstream culture of our country?

The literature that what mainstream culture points to is the political economy increase that be represented in specific society and reflects regime, artistic, religion, philosophy, aesthetic has the superstructure of ideological property etc. The mainstream culture of Chinese nowadays is Chinese characteristic socialism advanced culture, develop the major strategy thought such as view 3 the Mao Zedong Thought of come down in one continuous line and Deng Xiaoping theory, delegates, scientificly to be directive advanced culture to it with the Marxism namely. Promote the true, lash the holiday is evil ugly, stimulative society is harmonious.

7, is ghost town culture mainstream culture?

Ghost town culture cannot be mainstream culture. Because ghost town culture is in,abundant is formed. Ghost town culture from visional to objective, experienced history of more than 2000 years, doctrine of Buddhist, Taoism, Confucianist and Chinese ghost culture organic union rises.

Change Bayu culture, Central Plains culture and region foreign language union to be together again, still have imaginations of all sorts of civilian mythological fokelore and real couple. Plus a variety of artistic forms such as building, sculpture, brushwork union rises, form the ghost town culture with famed today the world.

8, does mainstream culture He Yawen turn a concern?

Can see, the concern that mainstream culture He Yawen turns and in all name and anonymous concern are very similar really. Mainstream culture He Yawen changes unity of opposites, in all name and anonymous also be such; Mainstream culture and in all the name is a yuan, and inferior culture and anonymous it is multivariate; Mainstream culture and in all the name emphasizes collective, inferior culture and anonymous stress individual character.

Nevertheless, their meaning is not identical, mainstream culture He Yawen turns the force of side overweight culture, in all name and anonymous the theme of a side overweight culture.

9, inferior does culture accord with mainstream culture?

Yes. Inferior the ramification that culture is mainstream culture, although have oneself distinctive idea and way of life, but substantially as identical as mainstream culture still, the bag contains the value that is interlinked with mainstream culture and idea. Otherwise if, inferior culture can be taken off with become independent system oneself from mainstream culture.

Inferior the sort of culture is various, only region of on the spot, our country's numerous place culture belongs to China civilization to derive inferior culture. Because,also be inferior the prosperity of culture, just accomplished the diversity of culture.

10, what culture is American culture?

The United States, can be being regarded basically is pragmatical culture.

From colonialism person ascend America mainland -- slaughter indian, destruction imprints the ground installs culture to arrive to transfer through 5 strategies again... scalp each competitor: Arrive from Spain middle east, now, to China all-around approach --

But, the United States regards newborn as emigrant country, the society also can be divided mix for regime culture by regime culture. Former CNN, the alleged " democracy that the Broadway, Hollywood is delegate and output beautiful type is the viewpoint of value of " , ideological, serve for hegemony of American whole world, this part can be regarded is occupant culture; Latter spits lukewarm, Zhuo Bielin to wait for writer artist and its work like · of Hemingway, mark, include " of bagman dead " etc, certain level is had or representing affinity to the people.

In addition, like Coke Cola, agree base the market pattern that waits for capital input, accumulate the consumerism culture that the invisible snack culture of Yo and high-sounding present.

To this, the judgement that we are necessary to do comprehensive, sober, reason, one divides into two and accept or reject.