智库发展设想？英文双语对照

智库，以公共政策和公共利益为导向，服务于决策，而不承担行政职能并发布行政命令，参政议政而不执政；智库在国外又被称之为继立法、行政、司法、媒体外的“第五种力量”。

　 中国智库类型众多，体现在组织结构、隶属关系、规模大小、资金来源、研究专长等方面。按组织属性可分为官办智库、半官方智库或民间智库，国家与地方智库等；按专业性可分为综合性和行业型智库；按机构职能可分为全职和兼职智库；按研究方向，可分为政府决策咨询，投资功能咨询，技术转让咨询，以及为企业服务的纯盈利性咨询机构等。

　　 智库应当符合一定的标准，并非什么机构都能称之为智库。成为智库的条件包括，遵守国家法律法规，有相对稳定和运作规范的实体；有一定影响力的代表人物和研究人员；有可持续的资金来源保障；有健全的治理结构与组织章程；有功能完备的信息采集分析系统；有特色鲜明、长期积累的决策咨询报告或成果；有学术交流平台和成果转化渠道；具备开展国际合作交流的良好条件等。

　　 智库，与智囊不同，是群体、是“智力池”；而智囊则是个体，中国古代养士、谋士、幕僚（师爷）、幕宾、谏议大夫等均是足智多谋、为帝王或官员出谋划策的智囊，以智辅政。刘邦、曹操、李世民、朱元璋等帝王均有顶级智囊做参谋。刘邦依靠“初汉三杰”夺取江山。刘邦曾自我评价道：“运筹帷幄，决胜千里，不如张良；治国安邦，理财筹粮，不如萧何；引军打仗，克敌制胜，不如韩信”。翰林院及战国时代的“孟尝君三千门客”等，是中国早期的智库。

　　 智库，与咨询机构不同：智库以公益性和非盈利为特征，以政策为重点，在研究基础上提出政策建议；咨询机构则采取企业化运营，尽管所提供服务的差别并不大。智库不仅在于规范化、制度化和科学化的咨询服务，还在于以服务决策为重要任务，以服务社会为宗旨。国家智库可以经常参与决策咨询，在决策中发挥作用，但只能是决策方案的一种或修补性意见而不是决策本身。

　　 中国智库，包括党政军及社会科学智库、高校智库、科研智库、单位和企业智库以及民间智库等，不同智库各有利弊。党政机关智库主要从公共财政获得资源，接受政府委托课题开展研究；由于没有生存压力，容易出现官僚化、效率低下等弊端。高校智库科研力量雄厚，学科齐全、人才密集、对外交流广泛，有一定的独立性；因缺乏生存压力，一些研究成果与需求脱节。科研智库主要在科技战略、规划和政策等方面发挥作用；民间智库尽管近年来有所发展，但在经费保障、项目来源、成果递交通道、建言献策等方面仍有不足，是中国智库建设中的“短板”。一些民间智库原来只是咨询公司、调查公司、信息公司，因赶“时髦”而翻牌，缺乏实质性的业务转型。

　　 中国特色新型智库建设，要坚持中国道路、中国视角，聚焦中国发展、发出中国声音。要坚持三个必须：必须以中国特色社会主义理论为指导，以建设社会主义市场经济体制、实现中华民族伟大复兴为目标，以服务公共政策、推动科学决策、推进理论创新、提高国际话语权为己任；要具备四大保障：宽松的政治环境，自由的学术交流，公平的政策待遇，平等的市场竞争；要形成五个特色：兴办主体是多元的，组织形式是多样的，研究行为是自主的，思想观念是独立的，责任担当是崇高的。

Wisdom library, it is with public policy and public interest oriented, service at decision-making, and do not assume administrative function and release administration to command, participate in government and political affairs discuss politics and do not be in office; Outside the legislation is afterwards that wisdom library is weighed again in abroad, administration, judicatory, media " the 5th kind of force " .

Kind of Chinese wisdom warehouse is numerous, body organizes the aspect such as special skill of source of magnitude of structure, subordinating relation, scope, financing, research now. By the organization attribute can be divided for official wisdom library, semiofficial wisdom library of wisdom library or folk, country and place wisdom library; By professional can divide for omnibus with industry wisdom library; Can divide by orgnaization function for full-time with the part-time job wisdom library; Press research direction, can divide for the government decision-making seek advice, investment function seeks advice, the technology is made over seek advice, and the pure profitability that serves for the enterprise seeks advice from an orgnaization to wait.

Wisdom library ought to accord with certain level, be not what what orgnaization can say to be wisdom library. The requirement that makes wisdom warehouse includes, abide by state law code, have relative stability and the substance that run a standard; Have the delegate character of certain consequence and researcher; Have the financing source safeguard that can last; Have perfect processing structure and constituent way; The information with can complete have rendered great service collects analytic system; Have the decision-making advisory report that characteristic accumulates brightly, for a long time or positive result; Academic communication platform and achievement change channel; Have the good condition that develops international collaboration communication to wait.

Wisdom library, differ with brain truster, it is a group, be " intellective pool " ; And brain truster is individual, chinese ancient time is raised person, adviser, aides and staff (a private assistant attending to legal) , act guest, expostulate with discusses a doctor to wait all is the resourceful, brain truster that gives counsel for monarch or official, with Zhi Fuzheng. The monarch such as Liu Bang, Cao Cao, Li Shimin, Zhu Yuanzhang all has top class brain truster to become staff officer. Liu Bangyi leans " Chu Hansan outstanding " capturing country. Ego evaluates Liu Bangceng: "Devise clever strategies, a thousand li of decide the issue of the battle, be inferior to Zhang Liang; Manage state affairs brings country, conduct financial transactions prepares food, be inferior to Xiao He; Bring army fight, vanquish the enemy, believe as Han " . Of courtyard of member of the Imperial Academy and times of the Warring States " the first month tastes Jun Sanqian a hanger-on of an aristocrat " etc, it is China's inchoate wisdom library.

Wisdom library, differ with advisory orgnaization: Wisdom library is a feature with commonweal sex and blame gain, attach most importance to a dot with policy, policy puts forward to suggest on research foundation; Advisory orgnaization adopts an enterprise to turn operation, the difference that although offer,serves is not big. Wisdom library depends on the standardization, advisory service that the system is changed and changes scientificly not only, still depend on in order to serve decision-making for main task, it is a tenet in order to serve a society. National wisdom library often can be participated in decision-making seek advice, be in decision-making in play action, but can be decision-making plan only plant or repair sexual opinion and not be decision-making itself.

Chinese wisdom library, include party card army and social science library of wisdom library, college wisdom library, scientific research wisdom, unit and enterprise wisdom library of wisdom library and folk, different wisdom library has advantages and disadvantages each. Party and goverment officials wisdom library basically obtains resource from public finance, accept a government to entrust a task to begin research; Because did not live pressure, appear easily bureaucratic change, efficiency is low coarse malpractice. Force of scientific research of college wisdom library is abundant, course all ready, talent is concentrated, extensive to diplomatic shedding, have particular independent character; For lack of live pressure, achievement of a few research and demand are out of line. Library of scientific research wisdom basically is mixed in strategy of science and technology, program the respect such as policy produces effect; Although civilian wisdom library develops somewhat in recent years, but in funds origin of safeguard, project, achievement hands over a passageway, build character to make suggestions wait for a respect to still have inadequacy, it is construction of Chinese wisdom library is medium " short board " . Wisdom library of a few folk just consults company, investigation company, information company so, because drive " modern " and turn over a card, lack the business transition of materiality.

Chinese characteristic is new-style wisdom library construction, want to hold to perspective of Chinese road, China, focusing China development, give out Chinese sound. Should hold to 3 must: Must be guidance with theory of Chinese characteristic socialism, in order to build system of socialist market economy, implementation the Chinese nation is great revive for the target, in order to serve public policy, drive science decision-making, advance academic innovation, raise international speech authority to be oneself; Want to have 4 big safeguard: Comfortable political environment, free learning communicates, fair policy treatment, equal market competes; Want to form 5 characteristic: Initiate main body is multivariate, organizing a form is diversiform, studying behaviour is own, idea idea is independent, it is great that responsibility takes on.