组织文化要素？英文双语对照

艾莫瑞大学的杰弗里•桑南菲尔德提出了一套标签理论，它有助于我们认识组织文化之间的差异，认识到个体与文化的合理匹配的重要性。通过对组织文化的研究，他确认了4种文化类型：

1、学院型组织文化：学院型组织是为那些想全面掌握每一种新工作的人而准备的地方。

2、俱乐部型组织文化：俱乐部型公司非常重视适应、忠诚感和承诺。

3、棒球队型组织文化：棒球队型这种组织鼓励冒险和革新。

4、堡垒型组织文化：棒球队型公司重视创造发明，而堡垒型公司则着眼于公司的生存。

企业文化是企业的灵魂，是推动企业发展的不竭动力。它包含着非常丰富的内容，其核心是企业的精神和价值观。这里的价值观不是泛指企业管理中的各种文化现象，而是企业或企业中的员工在从事经营活动中所秉持的价值观念。

组织文化的构成要素如下。

（1）企业精神

企业精神，一般是指经过精心培养而逐步形成的，并为全体企业成员所认同的思想境界、价值取向和主导意识。企业精神一般是组织在特定的社会环境中，精心培育而逐步形成的，并为组织全体成员所共同认同的心理态势、价值取向和主导意识。这是一个组织的精神支柱，是组织文化的核心，它反映了组织成员对本组织的地位、形象和风气的理解和认同，也蕴含着对本组织的发展、命运和未来所抱有的希望和理想，折射出一个组织的整体素质和精神风格，是凝聚组织成员的无形的共同理念和精神力量。

（2）企业价值观

企业价值观是指企业评判事物和指导行为的基本信念、总体观点和选择方针。它包括组织存在的意义和目的，组织中各种规章制度的必要性与作用，组织中各层次和各部门中各种不同岗位的人们的行为与组织利益之间的关系等。组织价值观一旦形成就会成为组织评判事物和指导行为的基本信念观点和选择方针。组织价值观具有不同的层次和类型，优秀的、成功的组织总是会不断地创造和更新组织的信念，不断地追求新的、更高的目标。如美国百事可乐公司认为“顺利是最重要的”，日本三菱公司主张“顾客第一”

（3）企业形象

企业形象是指社会公众和企业成员对企业、企业行为与企业各种活动成果的总体印象和总体评价，反映的是社会公众对组织的承认程度，体现了企业的声誉和知名度。这种形象包括如下几个方面。

①产品形象。对于企业来说，社会公众主要是通过产品和服务来了解企业的，并在使用产品和享受服务的过程中不断形成对企业的感性化和形象化的认识。因此，那些能够提供品质优良、造型美观的产品和优质服务的企业总是能够赢得良好的社会形象。

②成员形象。这是指组织的成员在职业道德、价值观念、文化修养、精神风貌、装束仪表和服务态度等方面的综合表现，是组织形象人格化的体现。组织成员整洁美观的仪容、优雅良好的气质、热情服务的态度，再加上统一鲜明的服饰，既反映了个人的不俗风貌，也反映了组织的高雅素质，有利于组织在社会公众之中树立良好的组织形象。

③领导者形象。体现在组织领导人的领导管理、待人接物、决策规划、指导监督、人际交往行为等方面的能力。那些富有领导能力、公正可靠、勇于创新、正直成熟的领导者不仅能以无形的示范能力潜移默化地影响组织中的每个成员，而且也会争取到社会公众对组织的信赖和支持，有利于不断扩大和巩固组织的知名度。

④社会形象。是指组织对公众负责和对社会贡献的表现。组织要树立良好的社会形象，既有赖于与社会广泛的交往和沟通，实事求是地宣扬自己的社会形象，又要在力所能及的条件下积极参与社会公益活动，如支持教育科研文化事业、支援受灾地区、开展社区文明共建等。这样，良好的社会形象会使组织在社会公众的心目中更加完美，使之增加对组织的认同与理解。

The Geoffrey of Ai Morui university? Sangnafeierde offerred theory of a label, it conduces to us knowing the difference between constituent culture, realise individual with culture reasonable the value that match. Carry the research to organizing culture, he affirmed type of 4 kinds of culture:

1, institute organization culture: Institute organization is the person that masters new job of avery kind of in the round to those wanting and preparative place.

2, club organization culture: Club company takes seriously very much suit, faithful feeling and acceptance.

3, culture of good team organization: This kind of good team organization encourages adventure and innovation.

4, fort organization culture: Good team company takes creation seriously to invent, and fort company criterion of company of with a view to live.

Company culture is the soul of the enterprise, it is to drive what the company grows not exhaust motivation. It is containing very rich content, its core is the spirit of the enterprise and viewpoint of value. The viewpoint of value here is not all sorts of culture phenomena in business management of generally refer to, however the employee in enterprise or enterprise is engaged in managing the place in the activity to grasp held value idea.

Organize culture form element to be as follows.

(1) spirit of enterprise

Spirit of enterprise, show the course is fostered meticulously and form stage by stage commonly, orientaton of the thought state that agrees with for all industry member place, value and dominant consciousness. Spirit of enterprise is the organization is in specific social environment commonly, be bred meticulously and form stage by stage, it is consciousness of orientaton of the psychological state that organizes all member place to be agreed with jointly, value and dominant. This is the spiritual prop of an organization, it is the core that organizes culture, the understanding that zephyr of the position to this organization, figure enrages the member that it mirrorred an organization to become and self-identity, also accumulate the development that containing this pair of organizations, destiny and the hope that future holds and ideal, reflection gives the integral quality of an organization and mental style, the aeriform joint concept that is agglomeration organization member and mentality are measured.

(2) company viewpoint of value

Company viewpoint of value is the basic belief that points to enterprise judge thing and direct action, overall point of view and choice guiding principle. It includes to organize the meaning of existence and purpose, the necessity of all sorts of regulations systems in the organization and action, the relation between the behavior of the people of all sorts of in each administrative levels and each branch different post in the organization and constituent interest. Once constituent viewpoint of value forms the basic belief point of view that can make constituent judge thing and direct action and choice policy. Constituent viewpoint of value has disparate arrangement of ideas and kind, outstanding, the faith that successful organization always can be created ceaselessly and renews an organization, go after ceaselessly new, higher end. Like the United States company of 100 things coke thinks " successful it is the most important " , 3 water chestnut companies of Japanese advocate " client the first "

(3) company image

Company image is to point to social community and industry member to action of enterprise, company and enterprise the overall impression of all sorts of activity achievement is mixed overall assessment, reflective is the social community acknowledgement to the organization degree, the reputation that reflected a business and famous degree. This kind of figure includes a few following fields.

① product figure. To the enterprise, social community basically knows a business through product and service, the sensibility that forms pair of companies ceaselessly in use product and the process that enjoy a service turns the recognition with visualize. Accordingly, those can carry offerings to pledge the enterprise of the product with admirable, artistic modelling and excellent service always can win good social figure.

② member figure. This is the member that points to an organization the integrated expression of the respect such as manner of Wu of kimono of appearance of scene of culture of sense of morality of on-the-job course of study, value, culture, spirit, attire, be constituent figure anthropomorphize reflect. The manner of constituent member's elegant and neat and beautiful appearance, good temperament, enthusiastic service, plus unified and bright dress, reflected an individual already not common scene, also reflected decorous quality of the organization, be helpful for an organization establishing good constituent figure in social community.

③ leader figure. The leadership administration that body organizes leader now, the ways one gets along with others, decision-making program, guidance is supervised, the ability of the respect such as human association behavior. The just and those rich leadership, reliable, leader with be brave in just and innovation, mature can organize every medium member with influence of aeriform ground of demonstrative ability exert a subtle influence on not only, and also can strive for the social community reliance to the organization and support, be helpful for expand ceaselessly and consolidating of the organization famous degree.

④ society figure. It is to point to the expression that the organization is in charge of to the public and contributes to the society. The organization should establish good social figure, interact and communicate hang on and society are extensively already, him advocate of ground of be practical and realistic social figure, want to take an active part in social commonweal activity below the condition of in one's power again, if support education career of scientific research culture, boost stricken be hit by a natural adversity area, begin community civilization to be built in all etc. Such, good social figure can make organize more perfect in the memory of social community, made addition is right constituent self-identity and understanding.