东北文化景观？ 文化景观论贡献？英文双语对照

一、东北文化景观？

净月潭风景区创建于1934年。全区面积200平方公里，水面面积4.3平方公里，风景林面积80公里，森林覆盖率58.6%。它被誉为“亚洲最大的人工林”。它以其丰富的旅游资源和良好的生态环境而闻名于世。

伪满洲里故宫博物院位于中国东北吉林省长春市宽城区广府路北侧。这是一座由清朝末代皇帝溥仪居住的伪满洲宫重建的博物馆。它也是中国现存的三处宫殿遗址之一。该博物馆是长春市著名的特色文化景区，集伪满宫、红色旅游、文化休闲区和旅游服务于一体。

老虎潭被称为“大连老虎潭海洋公园”。它是国家青少年教育基地，是集海洋生物学展览、海洋动物表演、海洋娱乐和海洋科普教育于一体的现代海洋主题公园。老虎潭海洋公园是自然和人工智能的完美结合，也是大连滨城的一道亮丽风景。

二、文化景观论贡献？

文化景观是经由一定历史时期政治、经济和社会发展的结晶。对于景观中文化内涵的探索，最早由李特尔在具体研究中将自然和人文结合在一起，主张地理学与历史学携手前进。施吕特尔于 1906 年提出“文化景观形态”这一概念，他在强调重视景观外在样貌的同时也要重视其背后的社会、经济和精神力量。

而对文化景观理论贡献最大的是美国地理学家索尔，他认为文化景观所呈现出来的结果是由特定的文化族群将动态的文化因素与自然环境综合在一起产生的复合体。在他之后，地理学家对人文景观的研究主要集中在了人类活动和土地利用上。随着社会经济和现代工业的高速发展，人口与自然资源之间的竞争日趋激烈，对存在城市和乡村的自然和人文资源需要得到更强有力的保护。

在 1992 年召开的第 16 届世界遗产委员会会议上，文化景观遗产成为《世界遗产名录》的一员。自此，“文化遗产景观”成为世界文化遗产体系中一新的成员。作为文化与自然桥梁的文化景观遗产，它更能展现出人类与自然在长期的生产生活中共同达到的一种可持续、和谐共生的发展理念。

文化景观既是静态的，也是动态的；既包括平面的，也包括立体的；它反映着物质世界，也反映着非物质的；它们从历史中走来，又承载着历史。在文化景观变迁过程中存在着各种各样的信息，作为人类生产生活的产物，历史文化街区在时间的流逝中与周围的人和物之间建立起紧密的共生关系。所以对文化遗产的活态保护既要重视遗产本身，也要重视与遗产共同生存的自然与社会环境，这样才能为文化遗产的活态保护营造出良好的。

三、什么叫文化景观？

人文景观是人们在日常生活中，为了满足一些物质和精神等方面的需要，在自然景观的基础上叠加了文化特质而构成的景观。

人文景观又称文化景观。人文就是人类文化中的先进部分和核心部分，即先进的价值观及其规范。其集中体现是：重视人，尊重人，关心人，爱护人。简而言之，人文，即重视人的文化。

四、文化景观保护要素

文化景观的 6个要素：

①心理要素，对环境的感应和反映；

②政治要素，对土地的配置和区划；

③历史要素，民族、语言、宗教和习俗；

④技术要素，利用土地的工具和能力；

⑤农艺要素，品种和耕作方法的改良等；

⑥经济要素，供求规律和利润等。

五、文化景观遗产含义？

文化景观的概念是在1992年在美国召开的联合国科教文组织世界遗产委员会第16届年会提出，并纳入世界遗产名录。这样世界遗产纠纷为:自然遗产，文化遗产，自然遗产与文化遗产的混合体 双重遗产)和文化景观。

文化景观代表保护世界文化与遗产公约第一条所表述自然与人类的共同作品。文化景观的选择应基于它本身的突出，普遍价值，其明确的地理-文化区域的代表性。以及此类区域的基本而具有的独特文化因素的能力。

我国庐山是唯一被选入文化景观遗产地区。

文化遗产:

一类是历史纪念物，第二类是考古遗址，第三类是建筑群。

那么当然这个概念在确定下来以后，写入公约以后 本身它也在不断地发展，不断地变，那么怎么样能够让这样的一个手问尽可能的属于我们人类共同的更多的文化

遗立得到保护 也是人类在思考的一个问题，是不是这几个概念就能够完全涵盖我们对于文化遗产保护的这样的一个基本的需求。

六、什么是文化景观？

文化景观通常指的是由人类有意识地改造和建设的自然景观，它们具有特定的文化背景和文化意义。

这类景观可以是在具体的自然环境基础上形成的，也可能是人类为了满足需求和沉淀历史文化而在自然景观上改造的结果。文化景观可以是静态的，如建筑物、雕塑或者纪念碑，也可以是动态的，如传统节日庆典或手工艺表演。它们不仅是人类生活的见证，也反映了地域文化的独特魅力和对人类社会发展的影响。

文化景观的概念在人文地理学中被认为是至关重要的，因为它有助于揭示地域文化和自然环境之间的相互融合及其对人类生活和社会发展的深远影响。文化景观可以分为不同的类型，如古城遗址、寺庙、城市公园等，这些都是典型的文化景观代表。这些景观不仅展现人与自然的和谐关系，而且承载着丰富的历史信息和人文价值，成为文化传承和历史研究的宝贵资源。

在保护和管理文化景观时，应当遵循一定的原则，如尊重其独特性和完整性，注重可持续发展和环境保护，以及鼓励社会参与，增强公众对文化遗产保护的认识和参与。文化景观对于维护人类文明的多样性以及地域特色具有重要意义，因此对其进行研究和保护是维护这些价值的重要组成部分

七、世界文化景观解释？

世界文化景观，联合国教科文组织确认的文化景观。

文化景观遗产是指被联合国教科文组织和世界遗产委员会确认的人类罕见的、目前无法替代的文化景观，是全人类公认的具有突出意义和普遍价值的“自然和人类的共同作品”。是世界遗产中的一种类型。

类型：

一般来说，文化景观有以下类型：

(1) 由人类有意设计和建筑的景观。包括出于美学原因建造的园林和公园景观，它们经常(但并不总是)与宗教或其他概念性建筑物或建筑群有联系。

(2) 有机进化的景观。它产生于最初始的一种社会、经济、行政以及宗教需要、并通过与周围自然环境的相联系或相适应而发展到目前的形式。它又包括两种次类别：一是残遗物(化石)景观，代表一种过去某段时间已经完结的进化过程，不管是突发的或是渐进的。它们之所以具有突出、普遍价值，就在于显著特点依然体现在实物上。二是持续性景观，它在当地与传统生活方式相联系的社会中，保持一种积极的社会作用，而且其自身演变过程仍在进行之中，同时又展示了历史上其演变发展的物证。

(3) 关联性文化景观。这类景观列入《世界遗产名录》，以与自然因素、强烈的宗教、艺术或文化相联系为特征，而不是以文化物证为特征。此外，列入《世界遗产名录》的古迹遗址、自然景观一旦受到某种严重威胁，经过世界遗产委员会调查和审议，可列入《处于危险之中的世界遗产名录》，以待采取紧急抢救措施。

八、世界文化景观遗产？

1、长城。长城又称万里长城，是中国古代的军事防御工程。长城修筑的历史可上溯到西周时期，发生在首都镐京的著名的典故烽火戏诸侯就源于此。春秋战国时期列国争霸，互相防守，长城修筑进入第一个高潮，但此时修筑的长度都比较短。秦灭六国统一天下后，秦始皇连接和修缮战国长城，始有万里长城之称 。

2、巴比伦空中花园。巴比伦空中花园，是古代世界七大奇迹之一，又称悬园。在前6世纪由新巴比伦王国的尼布甲尼撒二世在巴比伦城为其患思乡病的王妃安美依迪丝修建的。空中花园据说采用立体造园手法，将花园放在四层平台之上，由沥青及砖块建成，平台由25米高的柱子支撑，并且有灌溉系统，奴隶不停地推动连系著齿轮的把手。

3、宙斯神像。宙斯是希腊神话众神之神，是奥林匹亚的主神，为表崇拜而兴建的宙斯神像是当世最大的室内雕像，宙斯神像所在的宙斯神殿则是奥林匹克运动会的发源地。

九、世界文化景观遗产标准？

文化遗产

①《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》规定，属于下列各类内容之一者，可列为文化遗产（Cultural Heritage）：

1.文物：从历史、艺术或科学角度看，具有突出、普遍价值的建筑物、雕刻和绘画，具有考古意义的成分或结构，铭文、洞穴、住区及各类文物的综合体；

2.建筑群：从历史、艺术或科学角度看，因其建筑的形式、同一性及其在景观中的地位，具有突出、普遍价值的单独或相互联系的建筑群；

3.遗址：从历史、美学、人种学或人类学角度看，具有突出、普遍价值的人造工程或人与自然的共同杰作以及考古遗址地带。

②提名列入《世界遗产名录》的文化遗产项目，必须符合下列6项中的1项或几项标准：

1.代表一种独特的艺术成就，一种创造性的天才杰作；

2. 能在一定时期内或世界某一文化区域内，对建筑艺术、纪念物艺术、城镇规划或景观设计方面的发展产生极大影响；

3. 能为一种已消逝的文明或文化传统提供一种独特的至少是特殊的见证；

4. 可作为一种建筑或建筑群或景观的杰出范例，展示出人类历史上一个或几个重要阶段；

5.可作为传统的人类居住地或使用地的杰出范例，代表一种（或几种）文化，尤其在不可逆转之变化的影响下变得易于损坏；

6.与具特殊普遍意义的事件或现行传统或思想或信仰或文学艺术作品有直接或实质的联系。只有在某些特殊情况下或该项标准与其它标准一起作用时，此款才能成为列入《世界遗产名录》的理由。

十、什么是古文化景观？

古文化景观是过去人类文化的产物，它有着地区间的差异性。文化景观就像是社会文化史的一块块化石。既记录了人类文化的发展历史，同时也反映了不同时代所具有的时代特征。从中我们可以比较清楚地看到社会变化的轨迹。

随着时间的推移，各地区各民族之间形成的文化景观会有较大的差异。这样就可以更好的帮助我们了解各地区、各民族的地域特色和风俗人情。

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英文翻译对照，仅供参考

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One, northeast culture landscape?

Beauty spot of only month pool is founded 1934. Whole area area 200 square kilometer, surface area 4.3 square kilometer, scenery forest area 80 kilometers, the forest is enclothed rate 58.6% . It is known as " the Asia is the biggest artificial forest " . The travel resource that it abounds with its is famed with favorable zoology environment at the world.

Bogus is full continent in museum of the Imperial Palace is located in Chinese northeast Jilin to save side of north of road of vast seat of government of wide the city zone of the Changchun City. This is a You Qingchao's the last emperor of a dynasty the bogus that Pu Yi lives is full the museum that continent palace rebuilds. It also is one of relics of China's existent 3 place palace. This museum is the area of characteristic culture scene with famous the Changchun City, recreational area and travel serve collect bogus full palace, gules travel, culture at an organic whole.

Tiger pool is called " park of ocean of Dalian tiger pool " . It is base of national adolescent education, it is collect ocean performance of biologic exhibition, marine animal, marine recreation and marine popular science teach the contemporary ocean at an organic whole thematic park. Park of tiger pool ocean is the perfect union of nature and artificial intelligence, shine also be Dalian bank city together beautiful scenery.

2, does culture landscape talk contribution?

Culture landscape is the crystallization that politics of certain history period, economy and society develop by. Change the exploration of connotation to landscape Chinese, be in the earliest by Liteer nature of specific research lieutenant general and humanitarian union are together, the view is geographical advance hand in hand with history. Shilvteer put forward 1906 " culture landscape configuration " this one concept, he is emphasizing taking landscape seriously explicit appearance appearance while the society that also should take its backside seriously, economy and mental power.

And academic to culture landscape contribution is the largest is Suo Er of American geographical home, he thinks culture landscape place presents the result that come out is by specific culture a group of things with common features group the complex system that will dynamic culture element and environment produce integratedly together. After him, geographical home basically is centered in human activity and earthy topographical advantages to be used to the research of humanitarian landscape. Develop as the high speed of socioeconomy and modern industry, the competition between population and rich is intense with each passing day, get stronger protection to the nature of existence city and countryside and humanitarian resource need.

On the meeting of committee of bequest of the 16th world that held 1992, culture landscape bequest is become " world bequest directory " a. From this, "Culture bequest landscape " the one new member in making system of world culture bequest. Regard the culture landscape of culture and natural bridge as bequest, it can show a mankind and nature to be in a kind when long-term manufacturing life the Communist Party of China achieves together to be able to last more, the development concept of harmonious accrete.

Of static state of culture landscape since, also be dynamic; Include plane already, also include stereo; It is reflecting corporeal world, also mirrorring immaterial; They go from inside the history, bearing the weight of again the history. Put in the information with various moves in process of culture landscape changes, as the mankind production gives birth to vivid child, historical culture block is in of time in elapsing, mix with the person all round close accrete relationship is established between content. To the active state of culture bequest so protection should take bequest itself seriously already, also want to take the nature that lives jointly with bequest and social environment seriously, the active state protection that just can be culture bequest so is built piece good.

3, what calls culture landscape?

Humanitarian landscape is people is in daily life, wait for the need of the respect to satisfy a few material and spirit, the overlay on the foundation in natural landscape culture is idiosyncratic and the landscape that form.

Humanitarian landscape calls culture landscape again. Humanitarian it is the advanced part in human culture and core part, namely advanced viewpoint of value and its standard. Its reflect centrally is: Take a person seriously, respect a person, care a person, cherish a person. In short, humanitarian, take the person's culture seriously namely.

4, culture landscape protects element

6 element of culture landscape:

① psychology element, to environmental induction and report;

② politics element, to the configuration of land and division into districts;

③ history element, nation, language, religion and consuetudinary;

④ technology element, use the tool of land and capacity;

⑤ farming art element, breed reforms with what plow a method etc;

⑥ economy element, rule of supply and demand and profit.

5, meaning of culture landscape bequest?

The concept of culture landscape is the article of U.N. science and education that held in the United States 1992 the 16th annual meeting offers commission of constituent world bequest, bring into world bequest directory. Are such world bequest dispute: ? ? of Mu Jingxian of  of move of  of act of Jia of  of grey move of divide evenly of  of  of move of  of act of  of  of divide evenly grey move is double bequest) with culture landscape.

The first place states culture of world of protection of culture landscape delegate and bequest convention the collective work of nature and mankind. What the choice of culture landscape should be based on itself is outstanding, general value, its clear geography - of culture area representative. And of this kind of area basic and the ability of had distinctive culture factor.

Hill of our country cottage is exclusive be chosen area of culture landscape bequest.

Culture bequest:

One kind is historical memento, the 2nd kind is archaeology relics, the 3rd kind is a building group.

So of course this concept is in after coming down certainly, after keeping joint pledge, it also is developing itself ceaselessly, change ceaselessly, how can let a such hand ask so as far as possible belong to more our mankind's common culture

Involuntary discharge of urine establishs a problem that gets protection also is the mankind is thinking, a such main demand that these a few concepts can cover us completely to be protected to culture bequest.

6, what is culture landscape?

What culture landscape points to normally is the natural landscape that be transformed conciously by the mankind and builds, they have specific culture setting and culture sense.

This kind of landscape can be formed on specific environment foundation, also may be the mankind the to satisfy demand and precipitation history culture result that transforms on natural landscape. Culture landscape can be a static state, if building, sculpture is monumental perhaps, also can be trends, if traditional festival celebration or handicraft are performed. They are the testimony that the mankind lives not only, the distinctive glamour that also reflected district culture and the effect that develop to human society.

The concept of culture landscape is in humanitarian geographical in be considered as crucial, because it conduces to,announce the mutual confluence between district culture and environment and the far-reaching effect that its develop to human life and society. Culture landscape can be divided for different type, wait like park of ancient city relics, cloister, city, these are typical culture landscape delegates. These landscape show person and natural harmonious concern not only, and bearing the weight of substantial historical information and humanitarian value, become culture inheritance and the valuable resource that the history studies.

When protection and administrative culture landscape, ought to follow certain principle, if respect its uniqueness and integrality, pay attention to can develop continuously and environmental protection, and encourage a society to participate in, enhance the public to know and be participated in what protect to culture bequest. Culture landscape has important sense to safeguarding the diversity of human civilization and terrain distinguishing feature, because this undertakes to its research and protection are the main component that maintains these value

7, explanation of world culture landscape?

World culture landscape, article of division of associated state religion organizes affirmed culture landscape.

Culture landscape bequest is the mankind that shows committee of bequest of the world that be mixed by U.N. Educational affirms is infrequent, the culture landscape that cannot replace at present, it is complete mankind has those who stress meaning and general value acceptedly " the collective work of nature and mankind " . It is a kind of type in world bequest.

Type:

Generally speaking, culture landscape has the following kind:

(1) is designed of purpose by the mankind and architectural landscape. Include to stem from the park that aesthetic reason builds and park landscape, they often (but always not be) with religion or building of other idea sex or building group have connection.

(The landscape with organic and developmental 2) . Its generation needs at a kind of the most initiative society, economy, administration and religion, pass with all round the photograph of environment is contacted or suit and develop current form. It includes two kinds of second categories again: It is incomplete hangover (fossil) landscape, go on behalf of a kind some paragraph of time already finished evolution process, no matter be,break out or be advance gradually. They have outstanding, general value, depend on marked characteristic still be being reflected go up in objective. 2 it is durative landscape, it is in place and the society that photograph of traditional way of life contacts, maintain a kind of positive society effect, and its oneself evolves into a process still undertaking in, showed the material evidence that its evolve into development on the history again at the same time.

(Landscape of culture of 3) associated sex. This kind of landscape includes " world bequest directory " , it is a feature with element, as intense as nature religion, art or culture photograph connection, is not with culture material evidence is a feature. In addition, include " world bequest directory " once historic site relics, natural landscape is planted by some serious menace, committee of course world bequest is investigated and discuss, can include " be in the world bequest directory in danger " , take urgent rescue step in order to wait for.

8, bequest of world culture landscape?

1, the Great Wall. The Great Wall weighs Great Wall again, it is the martial defence project of Chinese ancient time. The history of Great Wall build but trace arrives period of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the show of famous literary quotation balefire that produces in capital pick Beijing is vassal result from this. Contend for hegemony of the various states of period of age the Warring States, defend each other, great Wall build enters the first climax, but the length of build is right now shorter. After the Qin Dynasty destroys 6 countries unify the world, join of Qin Shi emperor and Great Wall of reparative the Warring States, only then have Great Wall say.

2, the garden in Babylonian sky. The garden in Babylonian sky, it is one of 7 big miracles of archaic world, say to hang garden again. Advanced 6 centuries scatter 2 worlds to suffer from homesick princess Anmeiyidisi to build for its in Babylonian city by the Ni Bujia Buddhist nun of new Babylonian kingdom. The garden in sky uses stereo garden technique allegedly, put the garden on 4 platform, reach brick building by bitumen, platform is propped up by 25 meters high post, and have irrigate system, slave keeps driving the handle that writes even the department gear.

3, time this God. Time this the god that is Greek mythology thearchy, it is abstruse Lin Pi inferior advocate god, adore for the watch and the time of build this God is to become the age is the oldest indoor and statuary, time this the time that God is in this the birthplace that shrine is an Olympic Games.

9, standard of bequest of world culture landscape?

Culture bequest

① " protective world culture and natural heritage convention " regulation, the person that belong to one of following and of all kinds content, can label culture bequest (Cultural Heritage) :

1. cultural relic: Look from the history, art or scientific point of view, have the building of outstanding, general value, sculpture and brushwork, have the composition of archaeology meaning or structure, inscriptive, burrow, live the synthesis of area and of all kinds cultural relic;

2. builds group: Look from the history, art or scientific point of view, because of its architectural form, oneness reachs his the position in landscape, the building of the alone or mutual connection that has outstanding, general value group;

3. relics: Look from the history, aesthetic, ethnogeny or anthropologic angle, the man-made project that has outstanding, general value or person and natural collective classic and archaeology relics region.

② nomination includes " world bequest directory " culture bequest project, must accord with following 6 1 medium or a few standards:

1. represents a kind of individual artistic achievement, the talent classic of a kind of creativity;

2.Can be inside certain period or inside area of world some culture, the progress of artistic to the building, memento art, town planning or landscape design respect produces great effect;

3.Can be a kind already the civilization of die or culture tradition offer a kind distinctive is special testimony at least;

4.Can be built as a kind or build group or the outstanding example of landscape, reveal a human history to get on or a few important level;

5. can occupy dwelling place or the outstanding example of use ground as traditional mankind, represent a kind (or a few kinds) culture, affect next becoming to damage easily in what cannot go against the change that turn especially;

6. and the event that have special and common sense or active tradition or thought or belief or literary work of art have direct or substantial connection. Fall in certain and special situation only or when this standard and other standard act well, this ability is become include " world bequest directory " reason.

10, what is ancient culture landscape?

Ancient culture landscape is the child of past mankind culture, it is having the otherness between the area. Culture landscape resembles is a society a of culture history a fossil. Recorded the development history of human culture already, also reflected the times feature that different times place has at the same time. From which the contrail that we can see the society changes clearly quite.

As the elapse of time, the culture landscape that various places forms between each nation can have bigger difference. Such OK the better terrain distinguishing feature that helps us understand various places, each folk and custom favor.