数码相机和ccd区别？英文双语对照

通常来说，可以根据相机最基础的感光元件要素的不同，将其进行区分。感光元件是将进入镜头的光转化为模拟电信号的电子元件，其自身是黑白的，但可以以让光线通过原色滤镜和补色滤镜的方式来还原景物的色彩。

一般来说，数码单反相机的感光元件可以分为两种，一种是CCD，另一种则是CMOS。我们通常将使用这两种感光元件的相机分别称为CCD相机和CMOS相机（即我们常说的数码相机）。今天这篇文章我们就来详细讲讲CCD相机和数码相机之间的区别。

一、元件原理不同

CCD的全称为Charge coupled Device，中文译为电荷耦合元件，是一种半导体器件。CMOS的全称为Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor，全称译为互补金属氧化物半导体，是由电压控制的一种放大器件。一般来说，因为CMOS制作成本较低，市场上的大部分相机多采用CMOS制成数码相机。

二、成像过程不同

CCD相机和数码相机都是通过感光元件上的数百万个像素点把光学信号转化为数字信号，从而生成画面，其光电转换原理相同。

但是在信号读出过程方面，CCD相机由于其本身只有少数可统一读出的输出节点，所以信号输出非常一致；而在数字芯片中，每个像素都有自己的信号放大器进行充压转换，信号输出一致性较差。

并且，相较于CCD相机，虽然数码相机由于数字芯片中每个像素放大器的带宽较低导致使用功耗更低，但百万级放大器的不一致性带来了更高的固定噪声。所以总的来说，鉴于CCD相机与数码相机成像过程的不同，二者在功耗和噪声方面也具有一定的差异。

三、成像速度不同

CCD相机一般采用光敏输出，只能按系统的规定程序依次输出，成像速度较慢。而数码相机的数字码则是由多个充电电压转换器和行列开关共同控制，读出速度要快上不少，成像速度较快，因此帧数在500fps以上的高速相机大多是数码相机。

四、成像效果不同

相较而言，CCD相机色彩还原性较优质，芯片动态范围较大，相机灵敏度高，成像效果对外界打光的依赖比CMOS芯片低，适合拍摄静止或运动物体；而CMOS数码相机在拍摄运动中物体时会产生拖影，且图像会变形，色彩还原性较弱，芯片动态范围较小，灵敏度较低，但在光照充足的情况下，也能取得较好的图像效果，更适合拍摄静止的物体。

五、制造工艺不同

在制造工艺方面，CCD中的电路和器件集成在半导体单晶材料上，工艺复杂。世界上只有极少数的CCD厂商能输出模拟电信号，并且CCD相机还需要提供三套不同电压的电源同步时钟控制电路，集成度很低。

而CMOS集成在一种叫作金属氧化物的扁平单片材料上，可以将图像信号放大器、信号读取电路、A/D转换电路、图像信号处理器和控制器集成到一个芯片中，只需一个芯片就可以实现相机的所有基本功能。因此，从制造工艺来讲，CMOS的工艺更简单易发展，成本也更低，在数码单反相机市场的应用也就越广泛。

总结来说，出于相机原理、成像过程、成像速度、成像效果与制作工艺等方面的不同，以及相机技术发展的因素，CMOS组成的数码相机在相机市场拥有更高的占有率，适合大多数人使用。而CCD相机的适用环境则较为极端，在专业天文方面或者作为新手学生党的入门使用方面应用更广。

Normally for, can according to camera most of sensitive component element of the foundation different, undertake its distinguishing. Sensitive component is the electronic component of the order of telecommunication of imitate of smooth translate into that will enter camera lens, its oneself is black and white, but the kind that can carry unbleached filter lens and lens of complementary color filter in order to let the light comes the colour of reductive scenery.

Generally speaking, the sensitive element that digital sheet opposes camera can be divided it is two kinds, one kind is CCD, another kind is CMOS. The watch for an opportunity that we will use these two kinds of sensitive cell normally calls CCD camera and CMOS watch for an opportunity respectively (namely the digital watch for an opportunity that we often say) . We come to this article be told in detail today tell the distinction between CCD camera and digital camera.

One, component principle is different

The full name of CCD is Charge Coupled Device, chinese interpret is charge coupling component, it is a kind of semiconductor device. The full name of CMOS is Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, full name interpret is semiconductor of complementary metal oxide, it is by voltage pilot one kind is magnified parts of an apparatus. Generally speaking, because the CMOS cost that make is inferior, the major watch for an opportunity on the market uses CMOS to make digital camera more.

2, into different like the process

CCD camera and digital camera are the millions that goes up through sensitive component nod an optical signal translate into to count word signal like element, make an appearance thereby, principle of its photoelectricity changeover is same.

But numerate in signal process respect, CCD camera has a few to be able to unite unity output node only as a result of its itself, signal output is very so consistent; And in digital chip, every signal amplifier that has oneself like element undertakes full pressing changeover, signal output consistency is poorer.

And, relatively at CCD camera, although digital camera because the bandwidth of every amplifier resembling element in digital chip is inferior bring about use power comsumption lower, but the abhorrent sex of amplifier of 1 million class brought louder fixed noise. So as a whole, become in view of CCD camera and digital camera those who resemble a process is different, both also has certain difference in power comsumption and noise respect.

3, into different like speed

CCD camera uses photosensitive to output commonly, the formulary program that can press a system only is ordinal output, into slower like speed. And the digital code of digital camera is by many charge voltage converter and cavalcade switch are controlled jointly, numerate speed wants to go up quickly many, into faster like speed, because this frame counts the high speed camera in 500fps above,be digital camera mostly.

4, into different like the effect

relatively, sex of CCD camera color rendition is more high grade, chip trends range is bigger, camera sensitivity is tall, depend on into what make light to the outside like the effect lower than CMOS chip, comfortable in harmony is photographed dormant or mobile; And CMOS number camera is filming generation of the meeting when the object in motion pulls an image, and image can be out of shape, color rendition sex is weaker, chip trends limits is lesser, sensitivity is inferior, but in illumination sufficient condition falls, also can obtain better image result, more comfortable in harmony photographs dormant object.

5, workmanship is different

In workmanship respect, the circuit in CCD and parts of an apparatus are compositive go up in material of semiconductor single crystal, technology is sophisticated. The CCD firm that there is few number only on the world can export imitate telegraphic number, the clock of power source synchronism that and CCD camera returns need offers 3 different voltage dominates circuit, compositive degree very low.

And CMOS is compositive on the material of compressed weak sheet that calls a metal oxide in a kind, can read picture signal amplifier, signal take processor of change-over circuit of circuit, A/D, picture signal and controller compositive in a chip, need a chip to be able to realize all and basic function of camera only. Accordingly, will tell from workmanship, the craft of CMOS is simpler easy development, cost is lower also, the application that opposes camera market in digital sheet is wider also.

For summary, stem from camera principle, into like the process, into like speed, differ into what resemble the effect and the respect such as the craft that make, and the element that camera technology develops, the digital camera that CMOS comprises is had in camera market taller have rate, suit most person to use. And the applicable environment of CCD camera criterion relatively extreme, the introduction that perhaps regards novice student as the party in professional astronomy respect uses respect application wider.