宝宝发育标准？英文双语对照

孩子的生长发育是一个十分重要的过程，需要家长的细心照顾。生长和发育密不可分，发育是以生长为基础，生长的变化反应了器官和组织系统的成熟情况。

孩子的每个年龄都有不同的特征，无论是生理上还是解剖上。根据每个阶段的不同特征，可以大致划分为以下几个阶段。但是因为生长发育是一个连续不断的过程，所以每个阶段之间的划分并没有那么严格，而且每个不同的阶段之间联系也比较紧密。

成长发育阶段标准

1.胚胎发育期

胚胎发育期是从精子和卵子相遇结合开始算，一直到第八周。在这段时间内，胚胎的器官和组织、系统都会迅速分化发育并且初步具有人形。此阶段是胎宝宝发育的关键时期。倘若遭受来自外界或内在本身不利因素作用，阻碍胎儿的正常成长发育，孩子可能会有先天畸形。

2.胎儿期

从受精卵形成第8周算起直至出生，此阶段成为胎儿期。在这个阶段，胎儿的身体器官会逐渐长大，发育也逐渐趋近成熟，成长发育速度较快。

3.婴儿期从孩子出生开始计算，到孩子满一周岁，这段时间被成为婴儿期，也可以称之为乳儿期。此阶段孩子成长发育速度最快，因此需要补充足够的热量和营养素，尤其是要注意满足其对蛋白质的需求，可从乳类中获得。与出生之时比，短短1年孩子的身高将增加前者的一半之多。体重会增长到出生时的两倍左右，孩子的大脑在这个阶段也会快速发育。等满一周岁时，孩子已经学会坐起来、爬行，并且开始学习如何走路。孩子运动的发育过程大概可以概括为以下两句话：二抬四翻六会坐。七滚八爬周会走。

4.幼儿期孩子一周岁到孩子未满三周岁之间的这段时间被成为幼儿期。比起之前几个时期，孩子成长发育的速度放慢，特别是体格的发育。在这个阶段，孩子的前卤完全闭合，而且乳牙也全部长出。孩子神经系统的生长发育的速度也开始减慢，此时孩子的大脑已经有成年人的五分之四大了。孩子的活动范围比之前更广，接触到的周围的事物也比较多，因此智力发育会比之前更好，语言能力、思维能力以及应变能力逐渐增强。

5.学龄期从孩子上小学开始算起（一般是六七岁的年纪）到孩子进入青春期之前的这段时间成为被成为学龄期。一般来说，男孩十三岁、女孩十二岁分别进入青春期。在这段时间内，孩子成长发育的速度基本稳定，体格发育稳定，除了生殖器官以外，其他器官的发育程度已经接近成年人。大脑的形态也基本上和成年人一样，智力也得到了进一步的提高。孩子的控制能力、理解能力、分析能力和综合能力也在逐渐变更好。此时孩子的淋巴系统的发育处在最高点。一般情况下，当孩子长到十二岁的时候，乳牙已经全部掉光，除了第三磨牙之外的全部恒牙也已经长出来。

成长发育规律

1.过程连续不断且有阶段性

这一过程一直连续不断，但是不同阶段各有特点，速度不尽相同。一般情况下，速度受年龄的影响。以体格发育为例，越是年幼的孩子其发育速度越快，待孩子满一周岁后，成长发育的速度会逐渐趋向于平稳，但是待进入青春期后又会迅速加快速度。

2.各个器官生长发育不平衡

身体各个器官的发育速度不同，有快有慢，而且开始发育的时间也不一致。神经系统的发育一开始很快，但是渐渐会减缓；而生殖系统开始发育的时间比较晚；淋巴系统则是一开始很快，之后会回缩；孩子比较小的时候，皮下脂肪发育比较快；一般情况下，当孩子进入学龄期，肌肉组织发育速度会变快。

3.按照一定的顺序成长发育

一般情况下，成长发育是按照上至下、左至右、低级至高级、简单至复杂的顺序进行。

4.个体成长发育存在差别

孩子的生长发育在一定的范围内，会受到先天因素和后天因素的影响，因此处在同一阶段的孩子之间的差距可能会比较大。

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The child's growth development is a very important process, need fine understand without being told of the parent to consider. Grow and development is inseparable, development is it is a foundation in order to grow, growth change reacted organ and the mature circumstance that organize a system.

Every age of the child has different feature, no matter be,still anatomize on physiology on. According to the different feature of every phase, can differentiate roughly for the following phase. But because unripe long growth is a continuous process, so between every phase differentiate and do not have so strict, and connection is closer also between every different level.

Level of growing growth phase

1. embryo sends Yo period

Embryo sends Yo period is with ovum encountering from spermatozoon union begins to calculate, go to the 8th week all the time. Inside this paragraph of time, embryonic organ and organization, system can split up quickly development and preliminary have person look. This phase is the crucial period of fetal baby development. If is sufferred come from the outside or immanent itself adverse element action, the normal growing growth with fetal block up, the child may have congenital deformation.

2. is fetal period

Form the 8th week to calculate from oosperm till be born,rise, this phase is become fetal period. In this phase, fetal body organ can be brought up gradually, development also gradually approach is mature, growing growth rate is rapidder.

3. baby period be born from the child begin consideration, to child full a week year old, this paragraph of time is become infantile period, also can say it is sucker period. Rate of growing growth of this phase child is the rapiddest, because this needs compensatory and enough quantity of heat and nutriment, should notice to satisfy its to be opposite especially protein demand, but from breast kind in obtain. With be born when than, 1 year short the child's height will add former in part. When weight can grow to be born double the left and right sides, the child's cerebra also is met in this phase rapid growth. Wait for full a week when year old, the child already sat up via the society, creeping, how to and begin study walk. The development process that the child moves can generalize probably for the following two words: 2 carry 4 turn over 6 meetings to sit. 7 boil 8 climb Zhou Hui to go.

One one full year of life goes to 4. infancy child the child is not full this paragraph of time between 3 one full year of life is become infancy. Compared with before a few period, the speed rein in of child growing development, especially the development of constitution. In this phase, of the child before bittern closes completely, and deciduous teeth also grows entirely. The child's neurological growth the speed of development also begins to decelerate, right now the child's cerebra has had adult 4/5 big. Before the child's territory is compared wider, all round thing of bring into contact with is more also, before accordingly intellectual growth can be compared better, ability of the gift of tongues, thinking and ability of meet an emergency increase gradually.

5. learns age to begin to calculate from the elementary school on the child case (it is age of 67 years old commonly) this paragraph of time before entering adolescence to the child becomes the school age that be become period. Generally speaking, the boy 13 years old, the girl enters adolescence 12 years old respectively. Inside this paragraph of time, the speed of child growing development is stabilized basically, constitution growth is steady, besides genital official, the growth rate of other organ is already subadult person. The configuration of cerebrum basically also is mixed adult is same, intelligence also got rising further. Ability of control ability of the child, savvy, analysis and integrated ability also are becoming better gradually. Right now the development of lymphatic system of the child lies apogee. Usually, when the child grows, deciduous teeth has dropped light entirely, all constant tooth besides the 3rd grind one's teeth also has grown.

Growing growth pattern

1. process is continuous and have level sex

This one process is continuous all the time, but different level has a characteristic each, rate is endless and same. Usually, speed suffers the effect of the age. It is with constitution development exemple, the more year young its growth rate jumps over the child fast, stay child full a week after year old, the speed of growing development is met gradually incline to Yu Ping is firm, but wait for after entering adolescence, meet again accelerate rate quickly.

Each 2. organs grow development is lopsided

The body the growth rate of each organs is different, have have quickly slow, and the time of germinate is abhorrent also. Neurological growth is very rapid at the beginning, but meet gradually slow down; And the time of reproductive system germinate is later; Lymphatic system is very fast at the beginning, can answer later shrink; When the child is smaller, hypodermic and adipose growth is rapidder; Usually, enter age of enter a school when the child, musculature growth rate can become fast.

3. grows according to certain order development

Usually, growing development is according to on to below, left to right, elementary come supreme class, simply complex order undertakes.

Individual growing development puts 4. in the difference

The child's growth development is inside certain limits, can get the influence of congenital element and acquired element, because this lies,may compare with the difference between the child of one phase big.

Like me to pay close attention to me, daily share pregnant to produce reach Yo knowledge, I am a mom that pursues medical job, be good at learning, be happy to share, scientific Yo we grow together on road, make us one case scientific Yo.