山西芮城文化遗产有哪些？英文双语对照

1、永乐宫：因故址在永乐镇而命名，又名大纯阳万寿宫。原址位于芮城县永乐镇招贤村，1959年至1964年间，因修建三门峡水库，被整体搬迁至芮城县城北郊的龙泉村附近。

永乐宫于元代定宗贵由二年（公元1247年）动工兴建，元代至正十八年（公元1358年）竣工，施工期达110多年。元中统三年（1261）扩为“大纯阳万寿宫”。现存的主要建筑为一门三殿，一门为龙虎殿，也就是无极门，三殿为三清殿、纯阳殿、重阳殿。

永乐宫的壁画满布在四座大殿内，壁画总面积达960平方米。《朝元图》描绘的是群仙朝谒元始天尊的情景：青龙、白虎两神为前导，南极长寿仙翁和西王母等八个主神的四周，簇拥了雷公、电母、各方星宿神及龙、蛇、猴等多位神君，另有武将、力士、玉女在旁侍奉，全图近300个神仙朝着同一个方向行进，形成了一道朝圣的洪流。在用色上，采用了传统的重彩勾填方法。

2、清凉寺：位于芮城县西陌镇寺里村，创建于元大德七年(1303年)，清凉寺除了保存有元、明、清各代价值颇高的数十幢石碑外，现存的大雄宝殿也历经岁月沧桑，仍是原汁原味的元代建筑，殿宇设计气势磅礴，造型巍峨壮观，斗拱古朴壮美，梁架粗犷豪放。为扩大殿内实用面积而使用“减柱造”手法，大爬梁自前檐斗拱后尾直接挑承在平梁以下， 减轻了横梁净跨负荷，是元代建筑结构上的重大创举，为研究元代建筑的形制提供了珍贵的实物资料。

3、广仁王庙：位于芮城县中龙泉村，现仅存正殿和清代戏台及碑刻四方，大殿建于唐文宗太和五年（831年），五开间四架椽进深三间，平面呈长方形，单檐歇山顶 ，柱头斗拱为五铺双抄偷心造，各种斗欹部的幽度极深，拱瓣棱角显明，内部搁架铺作斗拱硕大，叉手长壮，侏儒柱细短，构成极平缓的厦坡，只有五台山南禅寺可相比拟。殿内无柱，梁架全部露明。整个建筑结构简练，古朴雄浑，显示了唐代建筑风格。

4、芮城城隍庙：位于芮城县县城永乐南街，始建于北宋大中祥符年间(1008-1016年),元、明、清各代均有重修和重建。现遗存享亭为元代建筑，献殿为明代创建清代重修，大殿为北宋建筑，明清多次修葺，寝宫及献殿两侧的东西厢房为清代建筑。

5、巷口寿圣寺砖塔：位于芮城县县城东北0.5公里处的巷口村西，该塔创建于北宋熙宁八年(1075年)，元、明、清历代均有重修。旧称“芮城八景”之一的“塔寺晨钟”即指此。

塔为十三层八面的楼阁式塔（其中底部三层以仿木额枋承斗栱出檐，上部各层则叠涩出檐，其形制与外观实质上介于楼阁式塔与密檐式塔之间-），采用砖砌仿木结构，高46米，底层南面辟门，以上各层四面设装饰性壸门，塔刹为铁质覆钵式。塔内原楼梯已毁，现内空，另残存宋代佛教人物壁画约20平方米。

6、河遗址：址位于芮城风陵渡河村一带，北至永济市独头村北涧，南至芮城县涧口南沟，长达13.5千米，由17个地点组成，形成一个遗址群。地质时代为距今约60万年的更新世早期。

1960年至1980年，先后五次发掘，出土的动物化石主要有肿骨鹿、披毛犀、扁角鹿、对丽蚌、德氏水牛、二门马、野猪、师氏剑齿象、东方剑齿象、纳玛象、三趾马、野牛等。石器共出土了138件，以大石片制作的砍斫器、石球和三棱大尖状器为特色，其原料除极少数为脉石英外，绝大部分为石英岩制成，主要以锤击法和碰砧法打下石片加工而成，由于技术的不熟练，制作粗糙。

芮城河遗址是目前华北地区已发现的最早的一处旧石器文化遗址，由于石器的一定组合特点代表一定的文化性质，故合河遗址被命名为“河文化”。

7、西侯度遗址：位于芮城县西侯度村。遗址高出河面约170米的古老阶地上。西侯度遗址是中国早期猿人阶段文化遗存的典型代表之一，遗址中带切痕的鹿角和动物烧骨的发现，昭示出他们已将“火神”征服在脚下，显露出“万灵之灵”的神韵。

西侯度遗址为目前中国境内已知的最古老的一处旧石器时代遗址，是目前中国最早的人类用火证据。

8、坡头遗址：位于芮城县陌南镇坡头村，是新石器时代遗址，早期属庙底沟二期文化，晚期属龙山文化。坡头遗址发现于1955年，总面积近5000平方米。2004年，发掘清理墓葬262座，共出土玉璧、玉钺、玉琮等玉石器200余件。墓地的发掘被评为2004年中国考古十大发现之一。

9、金胜庄遗址：位于芮城县大王乡金胜庄村，金胜庄遗址文化层堆积厚1—3米，断面暴露有三层间隔7—14厘米的白灰面。地面暴露有大量的彩陶、红陶及夹砂陶片，采集有尖底瓶、钵、盆、罐、豆、鬲等器物残片。1987年曾出土一件完整的彩陶曲腹罐。纹饰分圆点弧形三角纹、绳纹、划纹及附加堆纹。还采集有石斧、石刀、石铲等。为仰韶庙底沟类型文化，遗址保存完整。

10、东庄遗址：位于芮城永乐镇岳村南，于1955年被发现，1958年5至6月发掘。遗迹有灰坑、窑址、房址和墓葬等，出土有仰韶文化早期的泥质红陶、灰陶及夹砂红陶片，纹饰有附加堆纹、线纹、弦纹、黑彩宽带纹、圆点纹等，器型有尖底瓶、敞口钵、双耳罐、深腹瓮等，石器有斧、刀、锛等。这时人类社会正处于母系氏族社会繁荣期。在仰韶文化不同类型中，东庄村类型已超越了半坡类型，正向庙底沟类型过渡。

11、西王村遗址：位于芮城县西王村，是新石器时代的古遗址，1960年发掘的芮城西王村遗址，发现有生产工具及猪、狗等动物骨骼，可能此处的古人类已能饲养、驯化动物。还发现彩绘的陶器，纹样多由植物花纹和网纹组成。曲腹碗、盆和双唇小口尖底瓶是这个遗址的代表性生活用具。有124件陶质环形装饰品，分圆形、六角形、九角形三类形状，陶环上刻有花纹、辫纹、乳丁纹，这说明古人类对美的追求和意识正在加强，也有了简单的几何形体的概念。

12、古魏城遗址：位于芮城县城关镇北2.5公里处，东西长1.5公里，南北宽1.3公里。古城东起柴涧村、铁家庄，西至后龙泉村、城南沟村，北至永乐宫北0.5公里，南至永乐宫门前，呈方形，周长4500米。残留于地面之上的城墙高出地面l—7米，城址宽度一般在13—15米之间。城墙版筑而成，古城东南、西北、东北三个城角保存较好，城外侧都有月牙状的夯土台。城内出土有东周时期的南、豆、罐、瓦等遗物，在城西柴涧村有西周晚期到春秋早期的墓葬群，出土过数批青铜器。

1, always Le Gong: Because reason location is in always happy press down and name, the name is big pure Yang Moshou palace. Former address is located in county of a surname city always happy town Zhao Xiancun, came 1959 between 1964, because build 3 gorge reservoir, be removed to reach county of a surname city by whole near the dragon spring village of boreal outskirt.

Always Dai Dingzong of happy Gong Yuyuan is expensive by 2 years (the Christian era 1247) begin construction build, yuan generation comes 18 years (the Christian era 1358) complete, construction period is amounted to 110 old. Yuan in all 3 years (1261) enlarge is " big pure Yang Moshou palace " . Existent main building is a 3 halls, one is dragon tiger hall, do not have namely extremely the door, 3 halls are 3 clear halls, pure Yang Dian, heavy Yang Dian.

Always mural suffusion of Le Gong is inside 4 audience hall, mural gross area amounts to 960 square metre. " Chao Yuantu " those who depict is call on of group of celestial being face yuan only then the scene of day honour: Two gods are Qing Long, Bai Hu bellwether, old man of antarctic and macrobian celestial being and king mother waits for 8 on the west advocate magical all around, clustered round the many god gentleman such as mother of Thunder God, report, each square constellation god and dragon, snake, monkey, have fierce general, force person, jade daughter additionally beside serve, total figure is close 300 immortals forward same direction advances, formed the onrush of a pilgrim. On coloring, the heavy variety that used a convention points fill way.

2, cool and refreshing temple: Be located in county of a surname city road presses down the village in the temple on the west, found at Yuan Dade 7 years (1303) , cool and refreshing temple besides store yuan, bright, Qing Dynasty takes the place of each value is quite high tens of outside monument, existent big male Bao Dianye vicissitudes of life of years of all previous classics, still be yuan of acting building of former juice raw ingredient, dian Yu designs an of great momentum, modelling lofty is grand, dougong of primitive simplicity is strong beautiful, bridge wears straightforward bold and unconstrained. Inside the audience hall that it is enlarge practical area and use " decrease column to build " gimmick, the end after climbing dougong of Liang Ziqian brim greatly is carried directly bear fall in smooth Liang Yi, reduced negative charge of crossbeam clear span, it is yuan of major pioneering work on acting building construction, to research yuan of generation architectural form is made provided valuable objective data.

3, temple of An Ren king: Village of spring of the dragon in be located in county of a surname city, put main hall and clear acting stage and tablet to engrave all directions only now, audience hall builds Yutangwen Zong Taihe 5 years (831 years) , 4 rafter enter 5 the standard width of a room in an old-style house deep 3, plane shows a rectangle, chan Yan rests the summit, post dougong is 5 shops double copy steal a heart to build, of all sorts of ministries that fight Qi deep and remote degree extremely deep, arch valve edges and corners is distinct, interior puts aside a shop to make dougong huge, forked hand is long strong, gnomish column is fine short, form extremely gently mansion slope, only comparability of 5 Shan Nachan temples drafts. Column is not had inside the hall, bridge wearing is shown entirely bright. Whole structure construction is succinct, of primitive simplicity is vigorous and firm, showed Tang Dynasty builds a style.

4, town god's temple of a surname city: Be located in town of county of a surname city always Le Na street, only then build at Northen Song Dynasty big in auspicious accord with year (1008-1016 year) , yuan, bright, Qing Dynasty takes the place of to all have each be repaired again and rebuild. Cun Xiangting showing involuntary discharge of urine is yuan of acting building, display a hall to found clear Dai Chongxiu for bright generation, audience hall is building of Northen Song Dynasty, bright Qing Dynasty for many times repair, bedroom palace and display a hall the thing wing-room of two side is built for clear generation.

5, tower of brick of temple of emperor of alley mouth birthday: Be located in northeast of town of county of a surname city the alley mouth village that 0.5 kilometers are in on the west, this tower is founded at Northen Song Dynasty bright peace 8 years (1075) , yuan, bright, clear past dynasties all has repair again. Old say " Rui Cheng 8 scene " one of " bell of tower temple morning " point to this namely.

The tower is 13 8 pavilion type towers (among them bottom three-layer with copy Mu Efang bear fight to give brim, upside is folded each layers acerbity give brim, its form makes as substantial as the exterior mind between pavilion type tower and tower of close brim type - ) , use timber structure of copy of bricky build by laying bricks or stones, 46 meters tall, rock-bottom south monarch door, above sets door of adornment sex each layers on four sides, tower Buddhist templeput on the brakes is type of earthen bowl of iron qualitative Fu. Former stair already was destroyed inside the tower, now inside empty, additional remaining Song Daifo teachs character mural about 20 square metre.

6, river relics: Location is located in hill of Rui Cheng wind to cross river village to be taken, north comes always aid city alone gully of head village north, the channel austral mouth of gully of county of a surname city reachs south, be as long as 13.5 kilometre, by 17 the ground nods composition, form a relics group. The takes the place of to be made an appointment with today to be apart from 600 thousand years Pleistocene when geology is inchoate.

Came 1960 1980, disentomb 5 times early or late, the animal fossil that come up out of land basically has swollen bone deer, wrap around deer of Mao Xi, flat horn, right horse of elephant of Ma of stegodon of family name of 2 buffalo of family name of Li Bang, heart, horses, boar, division, Oriental stegodon, accept, sanderling, bison. Stone implement came up out of land in all 138, with big stone piece make chop hack implement, Shi Qiu and written complaint of 3 arris big top implement for characteristic, its raw material is quartz of arteries and veins except few number outside, the majority is made for quartzite, basically attack with hammer the law hits next rock with the law that touch anvil piece machine and become, as a result of technical inexperience, make coarse.

Relics of river of a surname city is the relics of the earliest culture of one place paleolith that at present China north area already discovered, because the certain combination characteristic of stone implement represents certain culture property, reason adds up to river relics to be named to be " river culture " .

7, Hou spends relics on the west: Be located in county of a surname city Hou spends a village on the west. Side of river of relics tower above makes an appointment with 170 meters old terrace to go up. Hou Du relics is China on the west one of typical delegates that involuntary discharge of urine of culture of inchoate pithecanthrope phase keeps, the belt in relics cuts the antler of mark and animal to burn the discovery of bone, declare publicly gives them already will " igneous god " conquer falls in the foot, show piece " the spirit of 10 thousand spirit " verve.

Hou spends relics to be the relics of the oldest one place the Old Stone Age with Chinese at present foregone churchyard on the west, it is China's at present earliest mankind uses igneous evidence.

8, slope head relics: Be located in village of head of slope of the town austral road of county of a surname city, it is relics of The Neo-lithic Age, inchoate channel of the bottom that belong to temple 2 period culture, terminal belong to the Longshan Culture. Slope head relics discovers 1955, gross area is close 5000 square metre. 2004, disentomb clear grave 262, come up out of land in all the jade stone implement such as Yu Bi, Yu Yue, Yu Cong more than 200. Of graveyard disentomb be judged to be 2004 Chinese archaeology one of 10 big discovery.

9, Jin Shengzhuang relics: Be located in gold of country of king of county of a surname city to get the better of Zhuang Cun, accumulation of layer of culture of Jin Shengzhuang relics is large 1, 3 meters, section is exposed have three-layer interval 7, 14 centimeters white grey face. The ground is exposed have arenaceous Tao Pian of many ancient painted pottery, red pottery and clip, collect the implements relic such as bottle of bottom having a tip, earthen bowl, basin, canister, beans, Ge. Ever came up out of land 1987 a canister of complete abdomen of music of ancient painted pottery. Grain of triangle of arc of dot of cent of grain act the role ofing, rope grain, delimit grain reachs add caboodle grain. Still collect shovel of zax, Shi Dao, stone waits. To admire culture of type of channel of beautiful temple bottom, relics is saved complete.

10, Dong Zhuang relics: Be located in Rui Cheng always south Le Zhenyue village, was discovered 1955, 1958 5 come to disentombed in June. Vestigial location of hole having ash, kiln, room location and grave, come up out of land the mud with inchoate Yangshao culture pledges red pottery, grey Taoji places arenaceous red pottery piece, grain act the role ofing has grain of add caboodle grain, strain line, bowstring, Hei Caikuan to take grain, dot grain to wait, implement model earthen jar of canister of earthen bowl of bottle of bottom having a tip, n, ear, deep abdomen, stone implement has axe, knife, adze to wait. At this moment human society is in maternal and clannish society prosperous period. Differ in Yangshao culture in the type, village village type already transcended half slope genre east, transferring to type of temple bottom channel.

11, on the west Wang Cun relics: Be located in county of a surname city on the west Wang Cun, it is the ancient relics of the The Neo-lithic Age, the Rui Cheng that disentombed 1960 on the west king village relics, discovery has the animal skeleton such as manufacturing tool and pig, dog, the ancient mankind of here already can raise the possibility, domestication animal. Still discover the crockery of coloured drawing or pattern, grain appearance is comprised by plant decorative pattern and reticulation more. The representative life appliance that the bottle end music abdomen bowl, basin and double lip are small needle is this relics. Have adornment of 124 Tao Zhihuan form, cent circle, hexagonal, ninogan 3 kinds of appearance, on Tao Huan quarter have fourth grain of grain of decorative pattern, plait, breast, this shows ancient mankind to be being strengthened to beautiful pursuit and consciousness, also had the idea of simple geometrical form and structure.

12, relics of city of ancient the Kingdom of Wei: Be located in the area just outside a city gate of county of a surname city to press down north 2.5 kilometers place, the thing grows 1.5 kilometers, north and south is wide 1.3 kilometers. Gu Chengdong removes bavin gully village, Tie Jiazhuang, village of village of spring of the dragon after coming on the west, the channel austral the city, north comes always happy Gong Bei 0.5 kilometers, before door of Na Zhiyong happy palace, show square, circumference 4500 meters. Remain the L of ground of city wall tower above on the ground, 7 meters, city location width is in commonly 13, 15 meters between. City wall edition is built and become, it is better that 3 cities horn saves ancient city southeast, northwest, northeast, suburban the tamper earth station that side has crescent moon state. Come up out of land inside the city have period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty south, the hangover such as beans, canister, tile, in the city Xi Chaijian village has the Western Zhou Dynasty terminal to the grave with inchoate age group, come up out of land count approves bronze ware.