沈阳历史文化讲解？英文双语对照

沈阳是闻名遐迩的历史文化名城。因地处古沈水（今浑河）之北而得名。沈阳地区蕴育了辽河流域的早期文化，是中华民族的发祥地之一。沈阳别名盛京或奉天。是清太祖努尔哈赤在1625年建立的后金迁都于此便更名为盛京。1657年清朝以“奉天承运”之意在沈阳设奉天府，沈阳又名“奉天”。

　　沈阳共有三处世界文化遗产保护单位，是除北京之外中国世界文化遗产最多的城市。他们分别是沈阳故宫沈阳北陵（昭陵）（沈阳东陵（福陵）沈阳故宫始建于公元1625年，是清朝入关前清太祖努尔哈赤、清太宗皇太极建造的皇宫，又称盛京皇宫。

　　沈阳故宫是国家重点文物保护单位，是中国现存最完整的两座宫殿建筑群之一，现已辟为沈阳故宫博物院。北京、沈阳两座故宫构成了中国仅存的两大完整的明清皇宫建筑群。

　　北陵公园（昭陵），是清第二代君主皇太极与孝端文皇后的陵墓，是清代皇陵和现代园林完美结合的游览胜地，面积3.32公顷。北陵建于1643年，北陵公园以其古老历史、神秘皇陵和园林景观，成为镶嵌在沈城大地上的璀璨明珠。东陵（福陵）是清太祖努尔哈赤及其皇后叶赫纳喇氏的陵基。

　　东陵始建于1629年，1651年基本建成，后经顺治、康熙、乾隆多次修建，形成了完整的陵基建筑群。陵内有庄严的正红门，有生动的石狮、石虎、石马等，有着名的108蹬台阶，有方城、隆恩殿、东西配殿、大明楼、宝顶等建筑。东陵的建筑严谨，雕刻精细，体现了中国古代建筑艺术的优秀传统和独特风格。

　　作为历史文化名城的沈阳，各种宗教的建立和传播，在客观上极大地丰富了它自身文化的内质。在众多的宗教中，道教首当其冲最早来到沈阳。在道教的传说中，东岳大帝是掌管人间贫富贵贱，生老病死的神仙。自古以来，上至帝后王公，下至贫民百姓，都要对它顶礼膜拜。

　　沈阳的历史

　　一、后金迁都沈阳

　　明朝末年，建州女真族兴起。万历四十四年（1616），努尔哈赤统一女真各部称汗，国号大金，史称后金，定都赫图阿拉（今辽宁省新宾县永陵东南）。后金天命六年（1621），努尔哈赤攻占辽阳、沈阳，迁都于辽阳。

　　天命十年（1625）春，努尔哈赤不顾贝勒诸臣异议，决定迁都沈阳。当年农历三月三日在拜祭祖陵后，便率亲族百官自东京（辽阳）起程，夜宿虎皮驿（今沈阳苏家屯十里河），翌日抵沈阳。从此沈阳成为后金政权的统治中心。后金迁都沈阳后，努尔哈赤便营造汗宫王府，修建与八旗贝勒共议国政的大政

Shenyang is the historical culture famous city of famed far and near. Because be located in Gu Shenshui (today muddy river) north and get a name. Shenyang area accumulate Yo the inchoate culture of distant river region, it is one of birthplace of the Chinese nation. Shenyang alias fills Beijing or give a day. It is move the capital to another place of the gold after Er of Qing Taizu exert breaths out bare to be in what built 1625 hereat more the name is Cheng Jing. Quiet 1657 day with " Feng Tiancheng carries " meaning the government office that give a day is set in Shenyang, shenyang renown " give a day " .

Shenyang shares bequest of culture of 3 social bounds to protect an unit, it is to divide the bequest of Chinese world culture is maximum city besides Beijing. They are hill of north of Shenyang of Shenyang the Imperial Palace respectively (Zhao Ling) (Shenyang Dong Ling (Fu Ling) Shenyang the Imperial Palace only then build at the Christian era 1625, it is quiet day enters the Qing Taizu before closing Nuerhachi, Qing Taizong emperor too extremely built palace, call Cheng Jing palace again.

Shenyang the Imperial Palace is unit of protection of national emphasis cultural relic, it is China existent two the most complete palace are built group one of, already monarched now for museum of Shenyang the Imperial Palace. Two the Imperial Palace formed Beijing, Shenyang China puts only two big palace builds complete Ming Qinghuang group.

Boreal hill park (Zhao Ling) , it is clear the 2nd acting liege emperor too extremely the mausoleum with Xiao Duanwen empress, it is clear Dai Huangling and contemporary gardens the tourist attraction of perfect union, area 3.32 hectare. Boreal hill was built 1643, boreal hill park with its ancient history, mysterious Huang Ling is mixed gardens landscape, become the bright jewel that enchases earth of city is in Shenyang to go up. Dong Ling (Fu Ling) it is Qing Taizu the hill of Nuerhachi and accept of its empress Xie He La base.

Dong Ling only then built 1629, build basically 1651, treat via arranging after, Kang Xi, Qianlong is built for many times, formed complete hill capital construction to build group. Have inside hill majestic red door, vivid stone lion, Shi Hu, Shi Ma waits, having the 108 pedal steps leading up to a house of the name, side hall in a palace or temple of city of in the right way, Long Endian, thing, big the building such as top of bright building, treasure. Dong Ling's construction is strict, sculpture is careful, reflected Chinese ancient time to build artistic outstanding tradition and distinctive color.

Regard historical culture as the Shenyang of the famous city, of all sorts of religion build and travel, going up objectively to abound the endoplasm of its oneself culture greatly. In numerous religion, taoism be the first to be affected comes the earliest to Shenyang. In the fokelore of Taoism, yue Dadi is gentle and simple of administer world the rich and the poor east, the immortal of birth. From of old, the princes and dukes after the Supreme Being comes on, pauper common people comes below, want pair of its pay homage to.

The history of Shenyang

One, hind Shenyang of golden move the capital to another place

Ming Dynasty last years of a dynasty or reign, the Nuuzhen that build an administrative division a group of things with common features arisen. 10 thousand all previous 44 years (1616) , unified Nuuzhen of exert Er Ha Chi is departmental weigh sweat, dynasty title big gold, history the gold after saying, a of graph of conspicuous of choose a site for the capital is pulled (today south Yong Lingdong of county of Liaoning province new guest) . Hind golden destiny 6 years (1621) , nuerhachi razzias distant this world, Shenyang, yu Liaoyang of move the capital to another place.

Destiny 10 years (1625) spring, nuerhachi disregards shellfish to carve all official exception, decide Shenyang of move the capital to another place. In those days after the traditional Chinese calendar was doing obeisance to hill of ancestor of hold a memorial ceremony for on March 3, lead cognation 100 Guan Zidong Beijing (distant is in relief) leave, post of skin of nocturnal old tiger (today Shenyang Su Jiatun 10 lis of rivers) , touch Shenyang the next day. From now on the regnant center of political power of the gold after Shenyang is become. Hind after Shenyang of golden move the capital to another place, nuerhachi builds your home of sweat palace king, build what with the Eight Banners Bei Le discusses national politics in all is big politics