天津的诗词文化？英文双语对照

从 清初到民国，天津诗词不但异常丰富，而且精品迭出，特色鲜明，有其自身的发展脉络。

一、河海孕育的诗词文学。天津“地当九河要津，路通七省舟车”。以盐业产销为一大支柱的沿海封建经济的崛起，为津沽文学的诞生准备了最好的产床。清初，盐商相继建起问津园、水西庄等私家园林，荟萃了驰誉海内的一流诗家词人。来自齐鲁大地的赵执信，诗去雕饰，反映现实；江左的袁枚，诗主性灵，逸致灵巧……天津本土文人与他们沟通、交流，开拓视野，取其精华，促进了天津诗歌的繁荣与发展。

二、根植于优秀的传统文化。康熙年间天津卫学士黄谦（1644—1692）诗学杜甫，随身带少陵诗集，著有《历下吟》《太行行草》《桃源日记》。乾隆年间诗人周焯亦学杜甫，人称“苦吟诗人”。李锴《周处士传》说他“雅嗜计，钩索深入，穷神遗形，不得不已”。《莲坡诗话》记云：周焯“尝作咏物诗，推敲一字未就，语人曰："吾为此，损眠两夜矣。"其苦吟如此。”晚清赵元礼诗学东坡，他教弟子李叔同学诗亦以苏诗相授，兼及晚唐诗，由唐而入宋。民国时梦碧词社推崇南宋词人吴文英、王沂孙，吸取他们辞美律严的形式美，学习他们用笔幽邃、炼字炼句的功力；同时吸取辛弃疾词纵横挥洒、慷慨激昂的气势。用他们自己的话讲，就是“梦窗的面，稼轩的里，以刚劲豪迈之气遣委婉奇丽之词”，使词作外柔内刚，情真意新，具有时代感。可见天津诗人词人大都学有所宗，求真务实，注重传统。

三、兼收并蓄的艺术取向。天津诗词创作发祥于开放、交流的人文环境，吸收容纳南北各方艺术优长。如查为仁填词宗姜夔、张炎，标举清远闲静，常体现出浙西词派词风。近百年来，李慈铭、范当世、严复、梁启超、郑孝胥、吕碧城等，或长期居住天津，或与津门千丝万缕不可分隔。他们在天津留有许多诗词佳作，创作理念的孕育和文学变革的推进也与天津息息相关。“进化论思潮”、“诗界革命”及“同光体”，均不同程度地为天津本土所吸纳和接受。从城南诗友的诗作中尤能看出端倪。从须社的词作中更可找到清末四大家（郑文焯、王鹏运、朱孝臧、况周颐）的影子——他们的作品委婉致密，音律和谐。

四、鲜明的市井民俗色彩。天津自古舟楫往来，百行杂作，五方杂处，一些诗歌也显示出滨海城市的市民文化特色。乾隆时津人杨一昆（1753—1803）所作长诗《天津论》《皇会论》及后来出现的《混混论》等，无不散发出特有的“津味”和沽上市井气息。《天津论》共252句，1500字。在这篇长诗中，作者以生动的语言描绘了“繁华热闹胜两江，河路码头买卖广”的清代津沽社会面貌，也用辛辣的笔调对这种“繁华热闹”掩映下的市井无赖、混混儿及种种社会罪恶进行深刻揭露。《皇会论》共182句，1000字。该诗以写实手法，把清代天津皇会的盛大场面勾画得活龙活现。鼎沸的喧嚣气氛，不同阶层的人物脸谱，竞相斗奇的民间艺术，各具特色的风味小吃，商号店铺的买卖兴旺，真像是一幅色彩斑斓的风俗画。至于民国时李金藻的《天津过年歌》《过年叹》等，也无不与天津民俗紧密相关。

五、向着现代文明演进的趋势。天津开埠以后，西学东渐。中西杂糅，变革图强，又成为津沽诗歌特色和主调。清末天津爱国诗人华长卿，以纪实性极强的诗作，将批判的矛头直指外国侵略者和腐朽的清王朝。“非效无病之呻吟，半属有感之讽喻”。他不但扩大了诗歌的题材，其作品的形式和语言风格也更靠近了时代。作为开风气之先的教育家、诗人严修，其诗眼界开阔观念新。他的海外之作虽多为纪游体，却体现了不同于旧式士大夫的高卓眼光和“与时俱进”的胸怀。他在《瑞士杂作》里写道：“地无旷土群萌遂，民有余财庶政修。衣食尽人能养欲，湖山随处可忘忧。”“百年不睹兵戈事，万国争携笠屐游。熙皞欢虞王者世，此风何日遍全球？”国家得到治理，人民衣食有余，自然资源得到充分利用；既不侵略别人，也有能力不受别人的侵略，从而赢得和平；美好的湖山受到保护，成为各国人民竞相来游的乐土。

传统而又前沿，包容而不失自我，这是近三百年天津诗词的基本面貌。它开放兼容，从不保守，却从来都没有妨碍其作为地方文学的独立性。正因为如此，它才具有研究价值，文学史上才能有它的地位。

Cong Qingchu arrives the Republic of China, tianjin poem word not only unusually rich, and high-quality goods change goes, characteristic is bright, have the development vein of its oneself.

One, the poetic word literature of river sea be pregnant with. Tianjin " the ground is become 9 rivers key post, the road connects 7 provinces to vessel and vehicle " . It is the rise of the coastal and feudal economy of one big pillar with salt industry produce and sale, the birth of literature of the buy that it is ferry prepared best obstetric table. At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, saline trade builds a make inquires garden, Shui Xizhuang to wait for illicit home gardens in succession, assemble gallop praise the person of word of top-ranking poem home of within the country. Come from the Zhao Zhixin of Qi Lu earth, the poem goes vulture act the role ofing, report is real; Jiang Zun's Yuan Mei, poem advocate soul, ease is sent address... Tianjin mainland bookman and they are communicated, communication, development eye shot, take its flower, promoted the prosperity of Tianjin poetry and development.

2, root establish at outstanding traditional culture. Kang Xi year Tianjin defends bachelor Huang Qian (1644, 1692) poetics Du Fu, take little hill peotry anthology, have " the chant below all previous " " too travel travel is careless " " peach source diary " . Qianlong year a poetic week scald Yi Xuedu justs, person " bitter chant poet " . Li Kai " Zhou Chushi is passed " say him " elegant be addicted to plan, hook demand development, form of poor god involuntary discharge of urine, must already " . " lotus slope notes on poets and poetry " write down the cloud: Zhou Chao " taste poem of the content that chant, deliberate one word not, language person says: I is " this, two night of caustic Mian. The cry of animals of " its suffering is such. " Yuan Lishi of late clear Zhao learns east slope, he teachs poem of classmate of child plum father's younger brother to also be awarded with Su Shixiang, hold the Tang poetry that reach evening concurrently, by the Tang Dynasty and enter the Song Dynasty. Wu Wenying of person of word of the Southern Song Dynasty of praise highly of company of word of green jade of the dream when the Republic of China, Wang Yi grandson, the shape that draws their demit beautiful law to father is beautiful, learn them to use the work force of try to find the best turn of phrase of a deep and remote deep, try to find the exact word; Absorb laborious to abandon brandish of disease word freely to asperse at the same time, the imposing manner of impassioned. The word that uses themselves is told, namely " the face of dream window, sow highs in, with bold bold and generous gas dispatch is euphemistic strange beautiful word " , outside making the word is made soft inside firm, affection intendment is new, have a times to feel. National People's Congress of word of visible Tianjin poet learns somewhat ancestor, seek true deal with concrete matters relating to work, pay attention to a tradition.

3, the artistic orientaton of incorporate things of diverse nature. Creation of Tianjin poem word is sent auspicious the humanitarian environment at open, communication, draw a look each square artistic actor grows accept north and south. Be like Kui of Zong Jiang of Cha Weiren compose a poem to a given tune of ci, Zhang Yan, mark lifts clear Yuan Xianjing, constant body reveals short for Zhejiang Province the word sends word wind on the west. Nearly hundred years come, li Ciming, model wait when city of Xiao Xu of world, Yan Fu, Liang Qichao, Zheng, Lv Bi, or live for a long time Tianjin, or with ferry door countless ties is impartible lie between. They stay in Tianjin have a lot of poetic word an excellent work, the propulsion that the be pregnant with that creates a concept and literature change also with Tianjin be closely bound up. "Darwinism thoughts " , " poetic bound revolution " reach " the body that be the same as light " , what different level land inducts for Tianjin mainland and all accept. From the poem of friend of the poem austral the city clue can see especially in making. Can find clear end more from inside needing the word of the company to make 4 everybody (carry of Zheng Wenchao, Wang Peng, Zhu Xiaozang, Kuang Zhouyi) shadow -- their work is euphemistic and compact, swing harmony.

4, bright marketplace folk-custom color. Tianjin vesselses since ancient times come-and-go, 100 miscellaneous make, 5 miscellaneous place, a few poetry also show the citizen culture trait of seaside city. Yang Yikun of person of the ferry when Qianlong (1753, 1803) what make long poem " Tianjin is talked " " emperor can be talked " reach come after " mix mix theory " etc, all without exception sends out piece peculiar " ferry flavour " with breath of the marketplace on buy. " Tianjin is talked " in all 252, 1500 words. In this long poem, the author was depicted with vivid language " flourishing and lively get the better of two rivers, business of river road dock is extensive " appearance of society of Qing Daijin buy, also plant to this with acrimony tone " flourishing and lively " set off one another the marketplace below is blackguardly, mix mix reach a variety of society injustice to undertake be disclosinged deeply. " emperor can be talked " in all 182, 1000 words. This poem with realistically gimmick, the royal occasion draw the outline of that meets emperor of clear acting Tianjin gets vivid dragon appear vividly. The blatant atmosphere of noisy and confused, the character types of facial makeup in operas of different estate, fight strange folk art eagerly, the local color that has distinguishing feature each is fastfood, the business of shop store is thriving, resembling really is a glowed custom picture. As to the Li Jinzao when the Republic of China " Tianjin spends the New Year song " " spend the New Year sigh " etc, also all without exception and Tianjin folk-custom are close together and relevant.

5, the tide that faces contemporary and civilized gradual progress. After Tianjin opens pier, western learning east gradually. Miscellaneous mix of Chinese and Western, change the figure is strong, make ferry buy poetry again characteristic and advocate tone. Tianjin of clear minor details is patriotic poetic Hua Changqing, with on-the-spot record sex extremely strong poem is made, will critically spearhead points to foreign aggressor and decayed clear dynasty continuously. "Blame effect does not have ill groan, belong to partly have the allegorical of feeling " . He not only the theme that enlarged poetry, the form of its work and language color also more neared an age. Serve as an ethos first Yan Xiu of educationist, poet, its poem horizon widens a notion new. His although swim for discipline more,make abroadly body, reflected the Gao Zhuo that is different from old-style scholar-bureaucrat however eye and " with when all is entered " bosom. He is in " Switzerland is miscellaneous make " in write: "The ground does not have Kuang Tuqun bud to satisfy, civilian superabundant money ofs or by the concubine politics long. Back and belly uses up a person to be able to be raised desire, lake hill everywhere can forget worry. " " hundred years do not see weapons thing, 10 thousand countries contend for the shoes that carry a large bamboo hat to swim. World of Wang Zhe of bright joyous anxiety, does this wind He Ri all over the whole world? " the country gets administering, people back and belly is superabundant, rich gets making full use of; Others of both neither aggression, capable also to do not suffer the aggression of others, win peace thereby; Good lake hill is protected, those who become each country people to swim eagerly is Elysian.

Traditional and forward position, include and do not break ego, this is the basic face of word of poem of nearly 300 years of Tianjin. It is open and compatible, never guard, did not hamper its regard a place as literary independent character however. because such, it just has research value, the ability on literary history has its place.