个体心理咨询技术及对策？英文双语对照

一、参与性技术：

参与性技术以求助者为主，咨询师只是为了澄清、启发、引导求助者进行自我探索和实践。

1倾听

有人觉得倾听是一件多么容易的事情啊，可是真正在咨询当中，这也是不容易做到的。很多新手咨询师在刚开始咨询的时候，助人情结特别严重，对方刚刚说完，还在停顿阶段，咨询师就迫不及待要说话了，导致很多信息搜集不够全面。在别人说完话之后咨询师能够等待两到三秒，对咨询师而言，需要足够的定力。

真正的倾听是在接纳的基础上，积极地听，认真地听，专注地听，并在倾听时适度参与。

2 提问

提问又分为开放式提问和封闭式提问，还有一种是半开放半封闭式提问。

“你们之间发生了什么事情，能告诉我吗？”这是开放式提问。

“你当时就想要离婚，对吗？”这是封闭式提问。

先铺垫一下，再问就是半开放半封闭式提问。“很多男性在婚内都有婚外情人，您有吗？”这就是半开放半封闭式提问。

3 鼓励

咨询师的鼓励技术也很重要，你的赞美的表情，真诚的眼神，对对方都是鼓励。

4 重复

为了让求助者对自己的某句话重视起来，咨询师就可以用重复技术。

求助者说：“那天夜里，我老公喝醉了酒，带回来一个女人”，这个时候，咨询师就可以重复：“他喝醉了，带回来一个女人”，求助者自然就把这两件事情重视起这件事情来。

5 内容反应

咨询师用自己的话反馈给求助者，以达到理解、沟通的目的。假想一下，你在说话，另一个人用你的语言把你说的话重复出来，对你而言这本身就意味着对方在认真倾听，你会感觉到被理解。

6 情感反应

咨询师把求助者陈述的有关情绪、情感等主要内容经过概括，用自己的话反馈给求助者。“经历了这样的事情，你一定非常伤心痛苦”这就是情感反应。

7 具体化

具体化的技术在心理咨询当中经常用，有些求助者在陈述事情的时候太概括化，我们很把它难具象化。具体化就是让求助者把事情描述的更具体，咨询师也能够有针对性地工作。

求助者：“我这个人总是很容易抑郁”

咨询师：可以描述一下，您所说的抑郁是一种什么状况吗？

这个过程就是具体化的过程。

8 参与性概述

所谓的概述就是咨询师把求助者的语言和非言语行为，包括情感等综合整理后，以提纲的方式再对求助者表达出来，相当于内容反应和情感反应的整合。

在咨询的结尾，往往需要有一个总结的环节，总结的环节，咨询师先把求助者提供的内容进行一下整理，这就是参与性的概述。

9 非语言行为的理解与把握

非言语行为的理解和把握，靠的是咨询师的功力，很多求助者，他的言行是不一致的。比如有一位女性，她因为被男人骗了而稀里糊涂当了第三者，当她表达自己的内疚时，咨询师却很明显看到了她脸上的笑容。从这个笑容当中，我们能够推断出，对于第三者这个身份，她其实是获益的，内心并没有那么排斥。

以上仅仅是参与性技术，心理咨询的谈话中还有一种技术是影响性技术，影响性技术的主体是咨询师，咨询师对求助者实施干预，帮助求助者解决心理问题。

One, share sexual technology:

Participate in the person that sexual technology in an attempt to is aided to give priority to, advisory division is for only clear, inspire, guide the person that appeal to have ego exploration and practice.

1 listen attentively to

Somebody feels to listen attentively to is a how easy thing, but seeking advice really in the center, this also is accomplished not easily. When a lot of novices seek advice from Shi Zaigang to begin to seek advice, the complex that help a person is particularly severe, the other side just says, still be in halt phase, advisory division should say with respect to too impatient to wait, bring about collect of a lot of information not quite comprehensive. After people says a word advisory division can await two to 3 seconds, to seeking advice from division character, need enough calm power.

Be being listened attentively to truly is to be on admitted foundation, actively listens, serious ground listens, listen dedicatedly, participate in moderately when listen attentively to.

2 queries

The query is divided again quiz to open type and enclosed query, still one is plant is to be opened partly half enclosed quiz.

"What thing produced between you, can you tell me? " this is open mode query.

"You want to divorce at that time, right? " this is enclosed quiz.

First matting, ask again even if open partly half enclosed query. "A lot of males have extramarital affair person inside marriage, do you have? " this is opened partly namely half enclosed query.

3 encourage

The encouragement of advisory division the technique is very main also, your laudatory expression, genuine eyes, it is to encourage to the other side.

4 repeat

Rise to let the person that appeal take some his word seriously, advisory division can be used repeat a technology.

The person that appeal says: "That day at night, my husband is malty wine, bring back a woman " , this moment, advisory division can repeat: "He is malty, bring back a woman " , nature of the person that appeal values these two businesses remove this thing to come.

5 content react

If advisory division uses him, feedback gives the person that appeal, in order to achieve understanding, communication goal. Hypothesis, you are talking, if another person says you with your language, repeat come out, this itself means to you word the other side is being listened attentively to seriously, you can feel be understood.

6 affection react

The main content course such as the concerned mood that advisory division states the person that appeal, affection is wraparound, if using his, feedback gives the person that appeal. "Experienced such thing, you are certain special and sad anguish " this is affection reaction.

7 incorporate

Incorporate technology seeks advice in psychology in the center classics is commonly used, the person that some appeal is too wraparound when stating an issue change, we provide it hard very much the elephant is changed. What the incorporate person that let appeal namely describes the business is more specific, advisory division also can have job of specific aim ground.

The person that appeal: "My this individual always is very easy and depressed "

Advisory division: Can describe, is what what you say depressed what state be?

This process is incorporate process.

8 participate in sexual overview

So called overview seeks advice from division to be not the language make peace of the person that appeal namely verbal behavior, after including affection to wait to be arranged integratedly, be opposite again with the means of outline expression of the person that appeal comes out, be equivalent to content reaction and the conformity that affection reacts.

In advisory ending, often need to have the link of a summary, the link of summary, the content that advisory division provides the person that appeal first undertakes arranging, this participates in sexual overview namely.

The understanding of behavior of 9 blame language and hold

Understand and hold what be not verbal behavior, those who lean is the work force of advisory division, a lot of person that appeal, his words and deeds is abhorrent. Have a woman for instance, because she was cheated by the man and muddleheaded was become a third party, when what convey oneself when her is compunctious, advisory division saw the smile on her face apparently however. From this smile in the center, we can conclude piece, to a third party this identity, she is benefit actually, the heart is done not have so repellent.

Above is to share sexual technology merely, there still is a kind of technology in the talk that psychology seeks advice from is influence sex technology, the principal part that affects sexual technology is advisory division, advisory division is right the person that appeal carries out interpose, the person that the help appeals solves psychological problem.