心理健康的标志有哪些呢？英文双语对照

在谈这个话题之前，我想先说一个概念，心理健康。好多人对于“心理健康”的概念是有误区的。普通人认为的心理健康，是这个人很开朗、嘻嘻哈哈，没有情绪低落、焦虑等表现，人际交往功能等方面都很正常，差不多有这样的表现，就算心理健康了。

事实上，这样的理解很片面。

按照第三届国际心理卫生大会认定的心理健康标志，有四个方面的要求：

1.身体、智力、情绪十分协调

2.适应环境，人际关系中彼此能谦让；

3.有幸福感；

4.在职业工作中，能充分发挥自己的能力，过着有效率的生活。

国内的心理学家许又新、郭念锋在此基础上，提出了“三标准”和“十标准”的概念。

许又新的三标准是体验、操作和发展标准；郭念锋则是在此基础上，总结出了心理活动强度、心理活动耐受力、周期节律性、意识水平、康复能力、心理自控力等指标。

在心理咨询当中，心理正常、心理不正常、心理健康、心理不健康，是我们经常会在咨询时常常使用的概念。

这里说的“心理正常”，是指我们在变态心理学中说的具备正常心理功能的心理活动，或者说是不包含有精神障碍症状的心理活动；

而心理健康，从静态角度来说，则是指一种心理状态，它在某一时段内展现着自身的正常功能；动态的角度则是在常规条件下，

个体为应对千变万化的内外环境，围绕某一群体的心理健康常模，在一定两个标准差范围内不断上下波动的相对平衡过程。

说到这里，会有一个比较难解释的专业名词，常模。什么是常模？

常模是一种供比较的标准量数，由标准化样本测试结果计算而来，它是心理测验时用于比较和解释测验结果的参照分数标准。

比如发展常模、百分位常模、标准分常模等。

举个例子，标准分常模，z =( X－x)/SD，X为原始分, x为样本平均数，SD为样本标准差。这个z分数的分布形态与原始分分布是一致的。

不说太复杂的心理测量学的概念，

用普通人的观念来解释，这种心理健康的标准是动态的，它是处于动态平衡的心理过程。

如：你有段时间去工作，说遇到苛刻的老板，总是被指责，于是你心理开始焦虑、烦躁，闷闷不乐，总觉得什么事都提不起兴趣，总是想换工作。

这种情况，一般人看到会认为是心理出现了问题，有点不正常了。但对我们心理咨询师来说，这种情况的了解还远远不够，我们不会根据你出现焦虑、烦躁、闷闷不乐等表现，就给你下定义或者评估，你这人就是心理不健康或者心理不正常。

我们还会从你的节律性、耐受力、自控力、意识水平等方向，来做出更为合理地判断。

还是刚才的那个例子，你说了焦虑、烦躁、闷闷不乐等表现，我后面接着问，请问你最近还有其他心理不舒服的表现吗？

然后你说了最近和爸爸妈妈关系相处不好，没办法交流，和同学交往等也出现问题，学习学不进去，茶饭不思，还出现失眠。

这段话过后，我们就认识到了你的社会功能部分出现受损的情况、躯体方面出现变化，心理出现了泛化，环境适应能力出现了问题。

像这种情况了解越多，得到的信息更加完善，我们才能确定你心理出现问题的实质。

假如你说了焦虑、烦躁，但其余的表现如社会功能等状态还能够处于正常的表现，而且了解到你只是当时的情绪，引发了一系列短暂的反应，之后你经过调节，能够控制，并且能够正常生活。

那我们就不能说你出现焦虑和烦躁让你的心理长时间不健康，也许可能只是当时情绪堵得慌，需要宣泄，于是脱口而出的直抒胸臆，宣泄以后，会有一定程度的好转。

因此，心理健康或者不健康，一定不是静态的去分析它，而是“动态”。

人的活动及个体不是静止的，一定是随时处于变化之中的。

倘若主体自身，内外环境发生了激烈变化，动态平衡过程被打破，心理活动偏离正常群体心理健康的常模，此时心理活动就可能变为另一种相对失衡的状态和过程。

从心理咨询师本身这个职业的群体来说，大部分优秀的咨询师，心理都会是“健康”的，因为他们有着更为良好的合理化防御机制和归因结论，在思考问题的过程当中，能够更为全面地去分析自己的问题，能够尽量让自己的心理健康水平维持正常的心理健康常模。

但是，不代表着心理咨询师就不会出现心理问题。如：亲人过世，父母因车祸丧生，咨询师听闻消息以后，好长一段时间都无法回过神来，吃不下饭、睡不着觉，也不去上班。

这种强大的创伤事件，哪怕是专业的咨询师，也无法避免这种情绪造成的心理失衡。毕竟，那是自己的亲人，亲人去世，哪有不哭不伤心和情绪低落的？

如果此时你还是像木头呆瓜一样，父母去世都不管不问，不焦虑、不难受，还整天嘻嘻哈哈的，开开心心地到处去玩，这种情况，我们还得重新评估你的状态，是不是情绪淡漠，或者出了问题。

所以说在某种情况之下，焦虑、难受、伤心等其实是一些正常的表现，一种良性的心理过程。当这种心理变化你能够承受得住，并能够合理控制，这种心理也属于正常的状态。

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英文翻译对照，仅供参考

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Before talking about this topic, I want to say an idea first, mental health. A lot of person to " mental health " the idea has an error. The mental health that Everyman thinks, it is this individual very optimistic, giggle, the expression such as low without the mood, angst, the respect such as human association function is very normal, have such show almost, calculate mental health.

In fact, such understanding is very one-sided.

The mental health that maintains according to congress of mental hygiene of the 3rd international indicates, have the demand of 4 respects:

1. body, intellective, mood is very harmonious

2. acclimatization, each other can be self-effacing in human relation;

3. has happy feeling;

4. is in professional job, can develop oneself ability adequately, live businesslike life.

Psychologist Xu Youxin of home, Guo Nianfeng is on this foundation, put forward " 3 standards " and " 10 standards " concept.

3 standards of Xu Youxin are experience, operation and development standard; Guo Nianfeng is to be on this foundation, summary gave activity of psychological activity intensity, psychology to be able to bear or endure suffer ability of level of sex of law of force, periodic section, consciousness, rehabilitation, psychology to dominate the index such as force oneself.

Seek advice in psychology in the center, psychology normal, psychology abnormal, mental health, psychology is insalubrious, it is the concept that when we seek advice via often can be in, often uses.

Say here " psychology is normal " , it is the psychological activity that shows we are in what say in abnormal psychology to have normal psychology function, perhaps saying is the psychological activity that does not include invigorative obstacle symptom;

And mental health, for angle of Cong Jing condition, it is to point to a kind of mentation, it is developing the normal function of oneself inside some period of time; Dynamic angle is to be below groovy condition,

Individual to answer environment of Protean inside and outside, the mental health around some group constant model, balance a process relatively in what wave motion fluctuates ceaselessly inside limits of two standard deviation certainly.

Here, can have the professional name of a more difficult explanation, constant model. What is constant model?

Constant model is one kind measures number for relative standard, by standardization example test is calculated as a result and come, it is psychology be used at compare and explaining test result when exam consult fractional level.

Develop component of constant model, 100 minutes of a constant model, standards for instance constant model.

Cite a case, the standard distributes constant model, z =(X - X)/SD, x is primitive cent, x is example average, SD is example standard deviation. It is consistent that the distributinging configuration of this Z mark and primitive cent distributing.

Do not say too complex psychology measures learned concept,

The idea that uses Everyman will explain, the standard of this kind of mental health is dynamic, it is the psychological process that is in dynamic balance.

Be like: You have paragraph of time to work, say to encounter slashing boss, always be censured, then your psychology begins angst, be agitated, downhearted, always feel what thing is carried do not have interest, always want to change the job.

This kind of circumstance, average person sees can consider as psychology to appear problem, a bit abnormal. But to our psychology advisory division, the understanding of this kind of circumstance is far insufficient still, we won't appear according to you angst, be agitated, downhearted wait for expression, give a definition to you or evaluate, your this person is psychology insalubrious or psychology is abnormal.

We still are met the section law sex from you, be able to bear or endure get power, charge the way such as level of force, consciousness oneself, will make more judge reasonably.

Still be that a moment ago example, you said angst, be agitated, downhearted wait for expression, ask then at the back of me, do excuse me you still have the show with other uncomfortable psychology recently?

Next you said with father mother the relation gets along recently bad, do not have method communication, also appear association with the classmate problem, study learns not to go in, have no appetite for food, return occurrence insomnia.

After this paragraph of word passes, we appear with respect to the social function portion that realized you occurrence change of respect of the circumstance of damage, body, psychology appeared extensive is changed, the environment got used to ability to appear problem.

More like understanding of this kind of circumstance, gotten information is more perfect, we just can determine the substance of your psychology occurrence problem.

If you said angst, be agitated, but the expression of the others still can be in normal expression like the condition such as social function, and the mood that understanding you is at that time only, caused a series of ephemeral reaction, your course adjusts later, can control, and can live normally.

The psychology that then we cannot say to your occurrence angst and be agitated let you is long insalubrious, perhaps the likelihood is at that time only the mood is blocked up unbearably, need drain, the chest of straight express bosom that blurts out then, after drain, meet those who have fixed rate improve.

Accordingly, mental health is insalubrious perhaps, not be a static state certainly go analysing it, however " dynamic " .

The person's activity and individual not be dormant, it is to be in change at any time certainly in.

Oneself of if main body, environment of inside and outside produced intense change, dynamic balance process is broken, psychological activity deviate is normal the constant model of group mental health, right now psychological activity turns into possibly the condition of another kind of opposite unbalance and process.

Seek advice from division itself from psychology for this occupational group, seek advice from division outstandingly for the most part, psychology can be " healthy " , because they are having more good rationalize defense,the mechanism is mixed attribution conclusion, between the process that ponders over a problem, can the problem that more comprehensive ground goes to analysing his, the mental health level that can yield oneself as far as possible maintains normal mental health constant model.

But, representing psychology to seek advice from division to won't appear psychological problem. Be like: The family member dies, parents dies because of traffic accident, after message of advisory division hear, very long period of time cannot have answered a god to come, meal of not feel like eating, sleep to be not worn become aware, also do not go to work.

This kind of powerful traumatic incident, even if be professional advisory division, also cannot avoid the psychological unbalance that this kind of mood causes. After all, that is that family member, the family member dies, which have do not cry not sad with the mood low?

If you are right now slow-witted like wood still melon is same, parents dies to pay no attention to without giving thought to, not not angst, afflictive, still all the day giggle, play happily everywhere, this kind of circumstance, we still get a reappraise your condition, the mood is dim, perhaps gave an issue.

Say to be under some kind of circumstance so, angst, afflictive, sad etc is a few normal expression actually, a kind of benign psychology process. When change of this kind of psychology you can bear so that live, and can reasonable control, this kind of psychology also attributes normal position.