中国文化概论 什么是中国？英文双语对照

1、广义文化：指人类在长期的历史发展中共同创造并赖以生存的物质与精神存在的总和。广义文化定义三要点：广义文化是与人类及人类的创造活动相联系的，是以人为中心的概念；广义文化是一个历史概念，它涵盖人类历史的全过程，是一个传承发展的综合概念；广义文化的外延涵盖物质创造和精神创造的全部。 狭义的文化又称人文文化，是某一社会集体在长期历史发展中经传承累积而自然凝聚的共有的人文精神及其物质体现总体体系。

2、文化产品：广义-指人类创造的一切提供给社会的可见成品，既包括物质产品也包括精神产品，狭义-专指精神产品。

文化内涵：不属于狭义文化的事物中所具有的人文特性。

文化现象：指人类文化发展过程中呈现出来的某种外部状态和联系（现象具有个别、具体、可直接观察、经验性特点）。

文化事象：当一种现象以同样的形式反复出现时，其中就含有规律性，成为某一历史时期、某一国家文化发展中带有典型和标志作用的事情，文化事象是文化学研究的基础单位。

文化思潮：某种文化观念及与相关的文化事象，在某一特定时期，在一定的背景下，对社会产生广泛影响，为多数人所赞同和奉行，形成一种潮流。

文化政策：指一定时代、一定的社会条件下，行政机构对文化领域的问题所颁布的相关规定和对策原则。

3、中国古代观察世界和改造世界的出发点是人文。

4、民族文化：文化的差异与特色是划分民族的标志之一。

中国文化又称中华文化、华夏文化、炎黄文化，它属于国别文化，具有多维性特点。

5、两个文化层：上层文化、底层文化。上层文化以文字典籍为媒介，底层文化靠口头传承

6、文化是一个历史概念。文化一词最早出现在《说苑yuàn》。

7、中国传统文化：以中华文化为源头、中国境内各民族共同创造、长期历史发展所积淀的文化。文化传统：贯穿于民族和国家各个历史阶段的各类文化的核心精神。有一定的稳固性和延续性，是传承中积淀下来的，是历史的产物，带有各时代的普遍特性，不是一成不变的。有积极作用——文化精华，是优秀传统，负面作用——糟粕，是不良传统。

8、中国文化概论课程的基本内容：（1）有关文化的一般概念。在文化的外延问题上与大文化的概念一致，但在具体问题的论述上尽量注意从人文精神的角度出发（2）中国文化赖以存在的地理环境（3）中国文化发展的历史脉络以及决定历史发展的诸因素（4）有关中国文化分科的知识——两分法（物质、精神）

1, broad sense culture: In showing the mankind develops in long-term history, be created jointly and bilk the summation of the material with living and mental existence. Broad sense culture defines 3 points: Broad sense culture is the connection of creation activity photograph that reachs the mankind with the mankind, it is the concept with factitious center; Broad sense culture is concept of a history, it covers the whole process of human history, it is the comprehensive idea that an inheritance develops; What the extension of broad sense culture covers corporeal creation and mental innovation is all. The culture of narrow sense weighs humanitarian culture again, it is some society collective the humanitarian spirit that in long-term history development classics inheritance is accumulated and natural agglomerate shares and its material reflect overall system.

2, culture product: Broad sense - the visible finished product that shows everything what the mankind creates offers a society, include corporeal product to also include mental product already, narrow sense - point to mental product only.

Culture connotation: The place in the thing that does not belong to narrow sense culture has some humanitarian character.

Culture phenomenon: Some kind of external state of affairs that come out and connection appear in showing human culture develops a process (the phenomenon is had individual, specific, but characteristic of sex of direct observation, experience) .

Culture thing resembles: When a kind of phenomenon appears repeatedly with same form, contain regularity among them, the business of model and mark action is contained in becoming culture of country of some history period, some to develop, culture thing seems the fundamental unit that article chemistry studies.

Culture thoughts: Idea of some kind of culture and resemble with relevant culture thing, period is decided in some spy, below proper setting, produce extensive effect to the society, mix for approve of of most person place pursue, form a kind of tide.

Culture policy: Show certain age, certain society condition falls, the relevant regulation that administrative orgnaization issues to the problem place of culture domain and countermeasure principle.

3, world of observation of Chinese ancient time and the jumping-off place that transform the world are humanitarian.

4, ethical culture: The difference of culture and characteristic are to differentiate one of ethical marks.

Chinese culture calls China culture of culture, an ancient name for China, phlogistic yellow culture again, it belongs to a country to fasten culture, have multidimensional sexual characteristic.

5, two culture layer: Superstratum culture, rock-bottom culture. Superstratum culture is agency with literal ancient codes and records, rock-bottom culture relies on oral inheritance

6, culture is concept of a history. One word gives culture the earliest now " N of à of Yu saying center " .

7, Chinese traditional culture: With churchyard of fountainhead of China article melt into, China joint creation, long-term history develops each nation accumulates culture. Culture tradition: Perforative at nation and country the core spirit of the of all kinds culture of each historical phase. Have certain firm sex and continuity, be accumulate in inheritance come down, it is historical child, contain the general character of each times, not be invariable. Have positive effect -- culture elite, it is outstanding tradition, negative effect -- scum, it is undesirable tradition.

8, the basic content of course of Chinese culture generality: (1) the universal of concerned culture. Agree with the concept of old culture on the denotative problem of culture, but notice on the treatise of specific issue the angle from humanitarian spirit sets out as far as possible (2) the geographical environment that Chinese culture Lai Yicun is in (3) all elements of the historical sequence of thought of Chinese culture development and decision history development (4) concerned China