有关汽车修理的技术总结？英文双语对照

一． 喷油嘴电源线偶发短路引起发动机发抖

1.车辆信息：

车型:桑塔纳2000 发动机类型:AFE电喷 车龄：60000公里

2.故障现象:

车辆在行使过程中加速或减速时明显感觉发动机发抖,动力过渡不平稳,在颠簸路面情况尤为明显;车辆停驶状态发动机加速伴有明显发抖现象,怠速或稳定转速时故障不太明显。

3.故障诊断与排除:

对于电子控制燃油喷射系统的发动机，首先还是进行自诊断，用大众VAG1552故障诊断仪进行02功能故障阅读和08功能数据查看，没有查到故障同时没有发现明显的异常运转数据。根据大家的维修经验,电喷发动机发抖很少出现电火系的故障,因此首先将故障范围圈定在燃油供给系统。考虑到该车已行驶60000公里，并且据驾驶员反映该车没有更换过喷油嘴，近期也没有清洗过喷油嘴，因此怀疑到喷油嘴脏堵故障，但是清洗过喷油嘴之后，虽然发动机运转较此之前平稳了一些，但是发抖故障仍然存在。紧接着排除了燃油供给系统燃油泵和燃油泵继电器以及保险丝的问题，然后进行燃油压力检测，不取下调节器真空管测试压力为260kpa,达到标准要求。通过以上检查，基本可以排除燃油供给系出故障的可能，怀疑部位缩小到喷油嘴，但是静态测量四个喷油嘴的电阻都在16欧姆左右，基本正常，最后怀疑的重点定格在喷油器的控制线路上，经过检查，此车曾经出过事故，发动机线束有明显维修重排的痕迹，维修技工更加坚定问题极有可能出现在线路上，于是对线路进行了详细排查（参考线路图如下）：

接下来的检查果然不出所料，在发动机后部缸盖旁边，发动机燃油喷射系统的一把线束有明显磨破痕迹，已经露出线束铜芯，经检查正是二缸喷油嘴电源线。原来由于该车在事故维修过程中，发动机线束固定不到位，缸盖后部与线束长期摩擦，当磨破了线束后，电源线在汽车行使过程中就偶发与缸盖接触而短路，从而影响到喷油，使发动机发抖，而用VAG1552检测时又没有读到偶发故障码。查到故障后维修就变得非常容易了，只是将线束用绝缘胶布包好后重新固定位置，此车故障得以完全排除。

二． 机油泵冷车输油压力过高引起发动机发抖

1.车辆信息：

车型:桑塔纳2000 发动机类型:AJR电喷 车龄：18000公里

2.故障现象:

车辆在早上发动时发动机抖动非常严重，有时甚至无法起动发动机，在冷车起动状态尤其比较明显，但是并不是每天早上都如此，有时车辆起动也正常，该车在其他工作情况下发动机运行平稳正常。

3.故障诊断与排除:

接触到这辆车后，首先还是进行了发动机自诊断，用大众VAG1552故障诊断仪进行02功能故障阅读和08功能数据查看，没有查到故障同时没有发现明显的异常运转数据。根据一般的维修经验,重点怀疑到进气温度传感器和发动机温度传感器，但是在分别更换了这两个温度传感器后故障仍未排除，由于此车故障出现时间一般是在早上，并且并不是每天都出现故障，这给维修诊断带来了很大的困难，当车辆运转正常时故障是无法找到的，每次完成一个诊断项目并处理之后都要等到第二天起动试验，但是经过维修技工的几次会诊意见，大家基本排除了电子燃油喷射系统故障，转而怀疑发动机配气机构，这可以说是这辆车维修诊断的重要转机，虽然首次进行发动机气缸压力测量时没有发现异常，但在随后早上起动测量气缸压力时，竟然四个缸均出现了气缸压力低于3公斤的情况（大家都清楚，标准的气功压力必须达到7.5公斤以上）,接下来拆装缸盖全面检查发动机配气机构,可惜配气机构和缸垫及活塞环、活塞都一切正常,维修判断再次陷入困境。因为气缸压力异常已经确定，在排除了液压挺杆正常之后，我们想到了机油压力，因为此车属新车，才行使不到两万公里，据车主反映此前发动机润滑系统工作正常，但是在车辆行使不到5000公里时曾因油底壳受撞损坏机油泵而更换过机油泵，了解了这个情况后我们果断地重新更换了机油泵，之后该车发动机起动发抖故障再也没有出现。基本可以断定该车第一次更换的机油泵存在质量问题，冷车输油压力太高引起液压挺杆不能顺利回位使气门关闭不严从而最终导致发动机发抖甚至无法起动。

小结:

我们在维修诊断这些偶发性故障时，常常也会发出“踏破铁鞋无觅处，得来全不费功夫”的感叹，有的时候甚至也要走许多弯路，但同时也积累了一些经验，笔者认为对于这类偶发的故障现象，维修诊断起来要注意以下几点：1.详细了解车辆情况,尤其车辆的维修历史,这对我们进行诊断大有帮助; 2.既要善于总结经验,又要运用扎实的汽车技术理论知识,理论和实践的良好结合在汽车维修诊断中同样起着至关重要的作用; 3.俗话说:三个臭皮匠,也赛诸葛亮.因此,修理厂要建立会诊制度,有时侯一个人的思路往往容易走入误区,而换一个思路也许就解决了问题; 4.善于积累和总结,只有经常收集、分析实例,总结经验,故障诊断水平才会持续提高。

One. Abiogenesis short circuit causes atomizer power supply cord engine quivers

1. car information:

Model: ? Type of engine of K  ?000: ACar of FE report gush age: 60000 kilometers

2. breakdown phenomenon:

Car is quickened in exercise process or clear sense engine quivers when decelerate, motivation transfers not smooth, in circumstance of bumpy road surface particularly apparent; car stops sail condition engine quickens companion to have quiver apparently phenomenon, idle fast or the breakdown when stable rotate speed is not quite apparent.

3. breakdown diagnoses with eliminate:

Control the engine of fuel spray system to the electron, still undertake be diagnosticed oneself above all, with masses VAG1552 breakdown diagnostic appearance has 02 functions breakdown is read and 08 functions data is examined, did not check breakdown to did not discover apparent unusual movement data at the same time. According to maintenance experience of everybody, electric gush engine quivers to appear rarely the breakdown that electric internal heat fastens, because this chooses breakdown limits above all,furnish in fuel system. Considering this car already travel 60000 kilometers, and according to driver report this car did not change cross atomizer, the near future also had not cleaned atomizer, because this suspects atomizer is dirty,block breakdown up, but after cleaning atomizer, although engine runs relatively before this a few smoother, but quiver breakdown still exists. Back-to-back move removed the issue of fuel pump of fuel supply system and fuel pump relay and fuse, undertake fuel pressure detect next, do not take next adjuster vacuum tube to check pressure to be 260kpa, requirement of up to mark. Pass above inspection, can eliminating fuel basically to furnish is the possibility that gives trouble, distrustful place narrows atomizer, but the resistance that the static state measures 4 atomizer is controlled in 16 ohm, basic and normal, the key that suspects finally decides case to be on the control line road of fuel injector, through the examination, this car once had gone an accident, engine wiring harness has the mark that maintains recomposition apparently, more sturdy problem goes maintenance skilled worker extremely likely to go up in circuit now, undertook discharging in detail checking to circuit then (referenced circuitry pursues as follows) :

Next check as expected as expected, in engine hind crock is built on the side, a wiring harness of system of motor fuel spray has apparently worn-out mark, had shown core of wiring harness copper, classics examination is power supply cord of 2 crocks of atomizer. It is as a result of this car so in accident maintenance process, engine wiring harness is fixed do not reach the designated position, crock lid is hind as long-term as wiring harness attrition, when worn-out after wiring harness, power supply cord is abiogenesis in car exercise process with crock lid contact short circuit, affect fuel injection thereby, make engine quivers, and abiogenesis malfunction code was not read again when detecting with VAG1552. The maintenance after checking breakdown becomes very easy, the position is secured afresh after just including wiring harness with insulation adhesive plaster, this car breakdown is able to eliminate completely.

2. Cold car of lubricating oil pump loses oil pressure power exorbitant cause engine to quiver

1. car information:

Model: ? Type of engine of K  ?000: ACar of JR report gush age: 18000 kilometers

2. breakdown phenomenon:

Car shakes in the engine when be being started in the morning very serious, cannot start engine even sometimes, in cold car starting condition is compared especially apparent, but not be every morning such, sometimes it is normal also that car starts, it is smooth and normal that this car moves in the engine below other job circumstance.

3. breakdown diagnoses with eliminate:

Bring into contact with after this car, still undertook engine is diagnosed oneself above all, with masses VAG1552 breakdown diagnostic appearance has 02 functions breakdown is read and 08 functions data is examined, did not check breakdown to did not discover apparent unusual movement data at the same time. According to general maintenance experience, the key suspects inlet temperature sensor and engine temperature sensor, but changing respectively the breakdown after sensor of these two temperature still did not eliminate, because this car breakdown appears,time is commonly in the morning, and not be appear everyday breakdown, this is diagnosed to maintenance brought very great difficulty, the fault when it is normal to run when car cannot be found, after finishing a diagnostic project to be handled every time, want when start a test the following day, but the opinion of a few consultation through maintaining mechanic, everybody removed trouble of system of electronic fuel spray basically, turn and suspect engine compressed air distribution mechanism, this can say is the significant a favourable turn that this Che Weixiu diagnoses, although undertake engine air cylinder first,did not discover unusual, but in start in the morning subsequently when measuring air cylinder pressure, actually 4 crocks all appeared air cylinder pressure the circumstance under 3 kilograms (authority is clear, qigong pressure of the standard must achieve 7.5 kilograms of above) , tear open the lid that install a crock to check engine compressed air distribution mechanism in the round next, regrettablly compressed air distribution mechanism and crock mat and piston annulus, piston everything is normal, maintenance is judged again get into trouble. Because air cylinder pressure is unusual already affirmatory, after it is normal to eliminated hydraulic pressure tappet, we thought of engine oil pressure, because this car belongs to new car, ability exercise is less than 20 thousand kilometers, according to the car advocate the engine before mirrorring this is lubricant systematic job is regular, but when car exercise is less than 5000 kilometers oily base case suffers Ceng Yin to ram attaint lubricating oil pump and had changed lubricating oil pump, after understanding this situation, we changed decisively afresh lubricating oil pump, this car engine starts later quiver breakdown also did not appear again. The lubricating oil pump that can conclude this car first time changes basically is put in quality problem, cold car is defeated by oil pressure force to cause hydraulic pressure tappet too high to cannot be answered smoothly make spiracle is shut lax bring about engine finally to quiver to cannot start even thereby.

Brief summary:

We diagnose these abiogenesis sex breakdown in maintenance when, also often can give out " step broken iron shoe to not have look for place, will do not expend kongfu completely " plaint, some time also should take a lot of roundabout way even, but also accumulated a few experience at the same time, the author thinks abiogenesis to this kind breakdown phenomenon, maintenance diagnoses rise should notice the following: 1. Understand car situation in detail, especially the maintenance history of car, this undertakes diagnostic big helpful; 2 to us. Want to be good at summing up experience already, should use solid car technology theory again knowledge, the good union of theory and practice is diagnosed in vehicle maintenance and repair in removing crucial action; 3 likewise. Does common saying say: ?  grows permanent teeth Di そ ? also surpasses Zhu Geliang. Accordingly, repair a factory to want to build consultation system, sometimes the train of thought of Hou Yi's individual often takes an error easily, and changed a train of thought to perhaps solve problem; 4. Be good at accumulate and be being summed up, often collect only, analytic example, sum up experience, breakdown diagnoses a level to just can rise continuously.