什么是新能源汽车，新能源汽车介绍？英文双语对照

新能源汽车包括纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、混合动力汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、氢发动机汽车、其他新能源汽车等。

纯电动汽车

纯电动汽车(Blade Electric Vehicles，BEV)是一种采用单一蓄电池作为储能动力源的汽车，它利用蓄电池作为储能动力源，通过电池向电动机提供电能，驱动电动机运转，从而推动汽车行驶。

混合动力汽车

混合动力汽车(Hybrid Electric Vehicle，HEV)是指驱动系统由两个或多个能同时运转的单个驱动系联合组成的车辆，车辆的行驶功率依据实际的车辆行驶状态由单个驱动系单独或多个驱动系共同提供。因各个组成部件、布置方式和控制策略的不同，混合动力汽车有多种形式。

燃料电池电动汽车

燃料电池电动汽车(Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle，FCEV)是利用氢气和空气中的氧在催化剂的作用下．在燃料电池中经电化学反应产生的电能作为主要动力源驱动的汽车。燃料电池电动汽车实质上是纯电动汽车的一种，主要区别在于动力电池的工作原理不同。一般来说，燃料电池是通过电化学反应将化学能转化为电能，电化学反应所需的还原剂一般采用氢气，氧化剂则采用氧气，因此最早开发的燃料电池电动汽车多是直接采用氢燃料，氢气的储存可采用液化氢、压缩氢气或金属氢化物储氢等形式。

氢发动机汽车

氢发动机汽车是以氢发动机为动力源的汽车。一般发动机使用的燃料是柴油或汽油，氢发动机使用的燃料是气体氢。氢发动机汽车是一种真正实现零排放的交通工具，排放出的是纯净水，其具有无污染、零排放、储量丰富等优势。

其他新能源汽车

其他新能源汽车包括使用超级电容器、飞轮等高效储能器的汽车。在我国，新能源汽车主要是指纯电动汽车、增程式电动汽车、插电式混合动力汽车和燃料电池电动汽车，常规混合动力汽车被划分为节能汽车。

产品种类编辑

混合动力汽车

混合动力是指那些采用传统燃料的，同时配以电动机/发动机来改善低速动力输出和燃油消耗的车型。按照燃料种类的不同，主要又可以分为汽油混合动力和柴油混合动力两种。国内市场上，混合动力车辆的主流都是汽油混合动力，而国际市场上柴油混合动力车型发展也很快。

纯电动汽车

纯电动汽车顾名思义就是主要采用电力驱动的汽车，大部分车辆直接采用电机驱动，有一部分车辆把电动机装在发动机舱内，也有一部分直接以车轮作为四台电动机的转子，其难点在于电力储存技术。

燃料电池汽车

燃料电池汽车是指以氢气、甲醇等为燃料，通过化学反应产生电流，依靠电机驱动的汽车。其电池的能量是通过氢气和氧气的化学作用，而不是经过燃烧，直接变成电能的。燃料电池的化学反应过程不会产生有害产物，因此燃料电池车辆是无污染汽车，燃料电池的能量转换效率比内燃机要高2～3倍，因此从能源的利用和环境保护方面，燃料电池汽车是一种理想的车辆。

氢动力汽车

氢动力汽车是一种真正实现零排放的交通工具，排放出的是纯净水，其具有无污染，零排放，储量丰富等优势，因此，氢动力汽车是传统汽车最理想的替代方案。与传统动力汽车相比，氢动力汽车成本至少高出20%。中国长安汽车在2007年完成了中国第一台高效零排放氢内燃机点火，并在2008年北京车展上展出了自主研发的中国首款氢动力概念跑车“氢程”。

燃气汽车

燃气成分单一、纯度较高、能与空气均匀混合并燃烧完全，CO 和微粒的排放量较低，发动机在低温时的启动和运转性能较好。其缺点是其运输性能比液体燃料差、发动机的容积效率低、着火延迟较长及动力性有所降低。这类汽车多采用双燃料系统，即一个压缩天然气或液化石油气系统和一个汽油或柴油燃烧系统，能容易地从一个系统过渡到另一个系统，此种汽车主要用于城市公交汽车。

甲醇汽车

用甲醇代替石油燃料的汽车。

空气动力汽车

利用空气作为能量载体，使用空气压缩机将空气压缩到30MP以上，然后储存在储气罐中。需要开动汽车时将压缩空气释放出来驱动启动马达行驶。优点是无排放、维护少，缺点是需要电源、空气压力（能量输出）随着行驶里程加长而衰减、高压气体的安全性。

飞轮储能汽车

利用飞轮的惯性储能，储存非满负载时发动机的余能以及车辆长大下坡、减速行驶时的能量，反馈到一个发电机上发电，再而驱动或加速飞轮旋转。飞轮使用磁悬浮方式，在70000r/min的高速下旋转。在混合动力汽车上作为辅助，优点是可提高能源使用效率、重量轻储能高、能量进出反应快、维护少寿命长，缺点是成本高、机动车转向会受飞轮陀螺效应的影响。

超级电容汽车

超级电容器是利用双电层原理的电容器。在超级电容器的两极板上电荷产生的电场作用下，在电解液与电极间的界面上形成相反的电荷，以平衡电解液的内电场，这种正电荷与负电荷在两个不同相之间的接触面上，以正负电荷之间极短间隙排列在相反的位置上，这个电荷分布层叫做双电层，因此电容量非常大。

来源：中文微评论 ！

Car of new energy resources includes pure electric car, add form cell of electric car, mixture motivation car, fuel is car of engine of electric car, hydrogen, other car of new energy resources.

Pure electric car

Pure electric car (Blade Electric Vehicles, BEV) is one kind uses onefold accumulator to regard as store the car of active power source, it uses accumulator to regard as store active power source, provide electric energy to electromotor through batteries, drive electromotor runs, drive car travel thereby.

Mixture motivation car

Mixture motivation car (Hybrid Electric Vehicle, HEV) is to point to drive system by two or the vehicle that the many single drive departments that can run at the same time form jointly, the travel power of car is fastened by single drive according to actual car transport condition alone or many drive department is collective offer. Because those who decorate means and control strategy is each compositive components, different, mixture motivation car has a variety of forms.

Fuel cell is dynamoelectric car

Fuel cell is dynamoelectric car (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle, FCEV) is to use hydric fall in the action of activator with the oxygen in air. The electric energy that produces via electrochemistry reaction in fuel cell regards source of main motive force as the car of drive. Fuel cell is dynamoelectric a kind the car is pure electric car essentially, main distinction depends on the working principle of dynamical cell differring. Generally speaking, fuel cell is to pass electrochemistry electric energy of translate into of reaction general chemical energy, the reducer that electrochemistry reacts place needs is used commonly hydric, oxidizer uses oxygen, because this is the earliest the fuel cell of development is dynamoelectric the car is to use hydrogenous fuel directly more, store hydricly can use liquefacient hydrogen, compress hydric or the form such as metallic hydride Chu Qing.

Hydrogenous engine car

Hydrogenous engine car is the car that is dynamical source with hydrogenous engine. The fuel that general engine uses is derv or benzine, the fuel that hydrogenous engine uses is aeriform hydrogen. Hydrogenous engine car is one kind realizes 0 discharged vehicle truly, what the platoon gives off is clean water, its have free from contamination, 0 discharge, reserve is substantial wait for an advantage.

Car of other new energy resources

Car of other new energy resources includes to use super capacitor, flywheel to wait efficient store can implement car. Be in our country, car of new energy resources basically is to point to pure electric car, add form car of electric car, mixture motivation of the type that plug phone and fuel cell are dynamoelectric car, car of groovy mixture motivation is differentiated to be energy-saving car.

Line of the products edits

Mixture motivation car

Mixture motivation shows those use traditional fuel, match at the same time with electromotor / the model that engine will come to improve output of low speed power and fuel to use up. Differ phyleticly according to fuel, basically can divide again for benzine mixture motivation and derv mix motivation two kinds. On home market, the mainstream of mixture motivation car is benzine mixture motivation, and mixture motor vehicle of the derv on the international market development is very rapid also.

Pure electric car

Just as its name implies of pure electric car basically introduces the car of electric power drive namely, major car introduces electric machinery drive directly, one part car installs motor inside engine cabin, also one part serves as the rotor of 4 electromotor with the wheel directly, its difficulty is storing at electric power technology.

Fuel cell car

Fuel cell car is to point to wait with hydric, methanol for fuel, produce electricity through chemical reaction, rely on the car of electric machinery drive. The energy of its batteries is to pass hydric the chemistry with oxygen, is not course combustion, become electric energy directly. The chemical reaction process of fuel cell won't produce harmful product, because car of this fuel cell is car of free from contamination, the energy changeover efficiency of fuel cell wants than internal-combustion engine tall 2 ～ 3 times, accordingly from the sources of energy use and environmental protection respect, fuel cell car is a kind of good car.

Hydrogenous motivation car

Hydrogenous motivation car is one kind realizes 0 discharged vehicle truly, what the platoon gives off is clean water, its have free from contamination, 0 discharge, reserve is substantial wait for an advantage, accordingly, hydrogenous motivation car is replacement scheme of traditional car optimal. Compare with photograph of car of conventional motive force, cost of hydrogenous motivation car at least tower above 20% . Chinese Chang'an car finished China 2007 the first efficient 0 discharge ignition of hydrogenous internal-combustion engine, be in Beijing car was exhibited 2008 on exhibited the racing bike of concept of power of hydrogen of Chinese head money of own research and development " hydrogenous Cheng " .

Light gas car

Composition burning gas onefold, purity can be as taller, even as air mix and combustion is complete, CO and atomic discharge capacity are inferior, engine is in when microtherm it is as better as locomotive function to start. Its defect is the cubage efficiency that its carry function to compare liquid fuel difference, engine low, catch fire defer is longer reach dynamical sex to be reduced somewhat. This kind of car uses double fuel system more, namely one reduces natural gas or system of liquefied petroleum gas and a benzine or derv combustion system, transfer easily from a system another system, this kind of car basically is used at urban bus.

Methanol car

Replace the car of oil fuel with methanol.

Air uses force car

Use air to regard energy as carrier, use air compressor compresses air 30MP above, store next in gas tank. Need will compress air to release drive to start motor travel when actuate car. The advantage is to not have discharge, safeguard little, defect is pressure of need power source, air (energy out-put) the security of gas of as lengthen of travel course of development attenuation, high pressure.

Flywheel store can car

Those who use flywheel is inertial store can, store the Yu Neng of the engine when be not full load and car are grown the energy when travel of declivous, decelerate, feedback generates electricity to a dynamo, again and drive or quicken flywheel to rotate. Flywheel uses means of magnetism in suspension, rotate below the high speed of 70000r/min. Serve as on mixture motivation car auxiliary, the advantage is to be able to raise the sources of energy to use efficiency, weight light store reaction of pass in and out of can tall, energy is sharp, safeguard little life to grow, defect is tall, motor vehicle changes cost to the effect that can suffer flywheel top effect.

Super capacitance car

Super capacitor is the capacitor that uses principle of electric double layer. Below the electric field effect that on the two plate of super capacitor charge produces, contrary charge is formed on the interface between electrolyte and electrode, with balancing electrolyte inside electric field, this kind of positive electrical charge and negative electric charge are on the interface between two different photographs, with extremely short clearance is arranged between negative electric charge in contrary locally, this charge distributinging layer is called electric double layer, capacitance is very accordingly big.

Origin: Chinese small comment!