介绍应对自然灾害的方法和湿拖？英文双语对照

自然灾害自救措施一：水灾自救方法

　　1.及时收听收看气象预报、洪水信息，选择好最佳撤离线路和目的地，及时转移避难。

　　2.准备好手电筒、收音机、手机、足够的饮用水和食物及常用药品，搜集木盘、木材、大件泡沫塑料等适合漂浮的材料，在急需时加工成救生装置。

　　3.下大暴雨时，不要在河道及沟谷、洼地中行走或停留;不要在路边缘或打着漩涡的路上行走;不要沿山洪暴发的行洪道方向跑。

　　4.洪水袭来时，来不及转移的人员要就近迅速向山坡、高地、楼房等地转移，或爬上屋顶、大树、高墙暂避，并向当地政府报告。

　　5.如洪水将要上涨到暂避地方，要利用准备好的器材或迅速找一些能漂浮的材料扎成筏逃生。

　　6.万一被卷入洪水中，要保持镇定，尽可能抓住固定的或能漂浮的东西，寻找机会逃生。

　　自然灾害自救措施二：山体滑坡自救方法

　　1.居住在地区灾害隐患点周边的群众，在暴雨天要及时观察周围山体是否发生松动，检查房屋是否存在裂缝，主动转移避难。

　　2.发生山体滑坡时，要尽快向滑坡方向的两侧逃离，并在周围寻找安全地带。

　　3.当无法继续逃离时，要迅速抱住身边的树木等固定物体。 4.遇到山体崩塌时，可躲避在结实的障碍物下，可利用身边的衣物裹住头部，不要顺着滚石方向往山下跑。

　　5.不要再闯入已经发生滑坡的地区找寻损失的财物。

　　自然灾害自救措施三：泥石流自救方法

　　1.应尽快向沟谷两侧山坡或高地跑，来不及奔跑时要就地抱住河岸上的树木。

　　2.不要沿着沟向上或向下跑，逃生时要抛弃重物。

　　3.不要停留在低洼处，也不要在有滚石和大量堆积物的山坡下面躲避。

　　自然灾害自救措施四：火灾自救方法

　　1.在日常生活中不要乱扔烟头，不躺在床上吸烟，不乱接乱

　　拉电线，不存放易燃易爆物品，不乱燃放烟花爆竹，平时要教育孩子不要玩火。

　　2.外出时应关闭气体、电器、火源。 3.遇到火灾，马上拨打119。

　　4.家中一旦失火，如果火势不大，应迅速进行扑救。

　　(1)电器发生火灾，应立即切断电源，用湿棉被、帆布等将火扑灭。

　　(2)油锅着火，不能泼水救火，应关闭炉火、燃气灶阀门，直接用锅盖或用湿抹布覆盖灭火。

　　(3)气体着火，应迅速关闭阀门，用湿毛巾、抹布抽打火苗。

　　5、火势不能控制时，必须及时逃生，确保生命安全。 (1)不要贪恋财物，应迅速逃离。

　　(2)将用水浸泡过的棉被或毛毯、棉大衣盖在身上，确定逃生路线后用最快的速度钻过火场并冲到安全区域;穿过浓烟逃生时，要尽量使身体贴近地面，并用湿毛巾捂住口鼻。

　　(3)身上着火时千万不能奔跑，最重要的是先设法把着火的衣、帽、裤脱掉，如果来不及脱，也可卧倒在地上打滚，把身上的火苗压灭。

　　(4)遇火灾不可乘坐电梯，要向安全出口方向逃生。

　　(5)火灾时不要贸然开门窗，以免空气对流，加速火势蔓延。

　　(6)火场切勿轻易跳楼!住在低楼层的居民可采取跳楼的方法逃生。要选择较高的地面作为落脚点，并将席梦思床垫、沙发垫、厚棉被等抛下做缓冲物。

　　(7)实在无路可逃时，可利用卫生间进行避难，用毛巾紧塞门缝，把水泼在地上降温，也可躺在放满水的浴缸里躲避，不要钻到床底、阁楼、大橱等处避难。

　　(8)发生火灾时，可在窗口、阳台或屋顶处向外大声呼叫、敲击金属物品，白天应挥动鲜艳布条发出求救信号，晚上可挥动手电筒或白布条引起救援人员的注意。

　　自然灾害自救措施五：地震自救方法

　　1.一旦发生地震，要保持冷静，不要在慌乱中从窗户、阳台上跳楼。

　　2.如在室内，赶快就近蹲、坐或趴在相对安全的地方，如躲避在坚实的家具下或内墙墙根、墙角处，也可到承重墙较多、开间小的厨房、厕所、储藏室去;要尽量蜷曲身体，降低身体重心，

　　并用软垫、脸盆等保护好头部、眼睛，掩住口、鼻，待震后再迅速撤离到室外;睡觉来不及躲避者，切勿仰卧，侧过身来也能争得生存的机会。

　　3.如在户外，应就地选择开阔地避震，蹲下或趴下，不要乱跑，避开人多的地方，不要随便返回室内。应避开高大建筑物或构筑物，特别是要避开有玻璃幕墙的建筑、过街桥、立交桥、高烟囱、水塔等。注意远离山崖、陡坡、河岸及高压线等。

4.如被埋压，要设法避开身体上方不结实的倒塌物、悬挂物或其他危险物;搬开身边可移动的碎砖瓦等杂物，扩大活动空间，要设法将手脚挣脱出来，清除压在身上特别是腹部以上的物体，设法用砖石、木棍等支撑残垣断壁;不要乱叫，保持体力，用敲击声求救。

自然灾害自救措施六：雷电自救方法

　　1.应尽量留在室内或车内，并关好门窗;不要进行室外劳作或运动。

2.如在室内，不要接触带电设备或金属装备，要尽量拔掉电器设备的电源、电话线、有线电视线、网络线等进出室内的金属线缆;不要使用水龙头。

3.如在室外，要远离树木和桅杆，要尽量降低身体高度，建议双脚并拢蹲下;不要使用电话和手提电话，不要打伞;不要戴金属饰物;不要几个人拥挤成堆，不要相互接触。

　4.如遇被雷击者需急救，应迅速进行人工呼吸和胸外心脏按压。

Natural disaster saves oneself measure one: Flood saves oneself method

1. Listen in time watch news of weather forecast, flood, had chosen optimal evacuation circuitry and destination, seasonable move takes refugee.

2. Preparative ace flashlight, radio, mobile phone, enough drinking water and food reach commonly used drug, the collect trencher, lumber, big expanded plastics stuff that suits to float, when be badly in need of treatment becomes lifesaving unit.

3. When next big rainstorm, in wanting to reach channel cereal, flat in wadi, walk or keep; to not be in the travel that; walks not to break out along mountain torrents on roadside predestined relationship or the way that making eddy big way way runs.

4. When the flood comes over, the personnel that has not enough time to transfer wants nearby rapid transfer to and other places of hillside, upland, building, or mount of short duration of housetop, large tree, high fence to avoid, report to local government.

5. If the flood will rise,of short duration avoids place, should use ready material or look for a few material that can float quickly to plunge into balsa to flee for one's life.

6. In case by flood of be involved in in, want to keep calm, capture as far as possible fixed or the thing that can float, search an opportunity to flee for one's life.

Natural disaster saves oneself measure 2: Hill body coast saves oneself method

1. Live in area calamity hidden trouble to nod circumjacent masses, want in rainstorm day whether does hill body happen all round seasonable observation become loose, whether is house of check make the rounds of the wards put in break, active move takes refugee.

2. When producing hill body coast, want to escape to the two side of coast direction as soon as possible, be in all round seek refuge.

3. When cannot continue to escape, want to grip the fixed object such as the tree beside quickly. 4. When encountering hill body to collapse, can avoid fall in strong fraise, can use the clothings beside to wrap the head, do not fall toward hill down direction rolling stone run.

5. Do not enter the area that has produced coast to seek losing property again.

Natural disaster saves oneself measure 3: Mud-rock flow saves oneself method

1. Should as soon as possible to channel cereal two side hillside or upland run, on the spot wants to hold the tree on bank in arms when having not enough time to run.

2. Not along channel up or run downward, weights jettisoning wants when fleeing for one's life.

3. Do not stay in low-lying place, also not be in have avoid below the hillside that rolls stone and many deposit.

Natural disaster saves oneself measure 4: Fire saves oneself method

1. Do not throw butt in disorder in daily life, do not lie in the smoking on the bed, do not receive chaos in disorder

Pull electrical wiring, do not deposit combustible explode easily article, do not set off firework cracker in disorder, want to teach the child not to play with fire at ordinary times.

2. Cause of gas, electric equipment, fire should be shut when going out. 3. Encounter fire, dial immediately 119.

4. In the home once be on fire, if igneous power is not great, answer to have rush to save life and property quickly.

(1) electric equipment produces fire, should instantly dump, wait to extinguish fire with wet quilt, canvas.

(2) oily boiler catchs fire, cannot spill water fire fighting, should close valve of ingle, kitchen burning gas, be built with boiler directly or cover put out a fire with wet dishcloth.

(3) gas catchs fire, answer to close valve quickly, with flame of lash of wet towel, dishcloth.

5, when igneous situation is incontrollable, must flee for his life in time, ensure life is safe. (1) does not want cling to property, answer to escape quickly.

(Lid of coat of the quilt that 2) will immersed with water or blanket, cotton is on the body, when fleeing for his life to the scene of a fire has been gotten with the rapiddest rate after the course and develop; of region of place of safety to cross smother to flee for one's life certainly, want to make the body sticks close ground as far as possible, cover with wet towel shut up is nose.

(The ten million when catching fire on 3) body cannot run, the most important is to try to take off ablaze garment, cap, pants first, if have not enough time to take off, also but take a prone rolls about on the ground, the flame that gets on the body is pressed destroy.

(4) encounters fire to cannot ride elevator, want to export direction to flee for one's life to safety.

(Do not want when 5) fire rushed open the door window, lest air convection, quicken igneous situation to spread.

(6) the scene of a fire do not jump easily building! The dweller that lives in lowrise layer can be adopted jump the method of the building flees for his life. Want to choose higher ground to regard stay as the dot, think of banquet dream mat of mattess, sofa, large quilt to wait cast next doing amortize content.

(When 7) can escape without the road really, can use toilet to undertake taking refugee, tighten a crack between a door and its frame of a place of strategic importance with towel, sprinkle water on the ground to drop in temperature, also can lie in the bath crock that puts full water to avoid, do not get the place such as bed bottom, attic, large closet to take refugee.

(When 8) happening fire, goods of metal of outward and loud call, knock can handle in the window, balcony or housetop, should brandish bright-coloured list issues signal of ask for help by day, can brandish flashlight or white list cause the rescuer's attention in the evening.

Natural disaster saves oneself measure 5: The earthquake saves oneself method

1. Once produce an earthquake, want keep one's hair on, do not jump from window, balcony in fluster building.

2. Be like indoors, at once nearby crouchs, sit or bend over the place in relative safety, if avoid,fall in solid furniture or inside office of wall the foot of a wall, corner, also can arrive the kitchen with more, small the standard width of a room in an old-style house, toilet, storeroom goes to main wall; wants as far as possible coil body, reduce body focus,

Wait for protective good head, eye with soft mat, washbasin, shut up of attack by surprise, nose, wait for shake hind to withdraw the; outdoor again quickly to sleep the person that have not enough time to avoid, do not lie on his back, side also can dispute the chance that must live too personally.

3. Be like outdoors, should choice of on the spot avoids openly shake, crouch or bend over below, do not run in disorder, escape person's much place, do not return casually indoor. Should keep away from tall building or build thing, the building that wants escape to have vitreous act wall especially, bridge crossing a street, crossroads, chimney stack, water tower. The attention is far from cliff, brow, bank and high tension line to wait.

If 4. is buried to press, should try to keep away from content of collapse of slimsy of body upper part, pensile content or; of other and dangerous thing are moved beside portable broken tile sundry, enlarge mobile space, want to try to make motion emergence come, cleared press on the body especially the object of abdominal above, try to use the wall of the incomplete that prop up such as bricky stone, club to break mural; not to cry in disorder, retain physical power, with knock sound ask for help.

Natural disaster saves oneself measure 6: Thunder saves oneself method

1. Should stay as far as possible indoors or inside the car, close; of good door window not to undertake outdoor work or move.

2. if indoors, do not contact electrified equipment or metallic equipment, should unplug the; of metallic wire cable with the indoor pass in and out such as line of the power source of wiring, line, cable television, network line does not use faucet as far as possible.

If 3. is in outdoor, want to be far from tree and mast, want to reduce body height as far as possible, proposal double foot and approach crouchs next; not to use phone and portable phone, do not open an umbrella; does not wear metallic decorations; not to want a few individual jam to form a pile, do not want mutual contact.

4. If encounter by be struck by lightning person require emergency treatment, the heart outside answering to undertake artificial breath and bosom quickly is pressed pressure.