哈尔滨的历史文化有哪些？英文双语对照

哈尔滨的历史源远流长，是一座从来没有过城墙的城市。早在22000年前，旧石器时代晚期，这里就已经有人类活动。大约5000年前，哈尔滨地区进入新石器时代。大约3000年前，殷商晚期，哈尔滨进入青铜时代，属于黑龙江地区最早的古代文明国家--白金宝文化的分布区域。

哈尔滨是金、清两代王朝的发祥地。公元1115年，金代在上京（哈尔滨阿城市）建都。19世纪末，哈尔滨已出现村屯数十个，居民约3万人，交通、贸易、人口等经济因素开始膨胀，为城市的形成与发展奠定了基础。

1896年至1903年，随着中东铁路建设，工商业及人口开始在哈尔滨一带聚集。中东铁路建成时，哈尔滨已经形成近代城市的雏形。20世纪初，哈尔滨就已成为国际性商埠，先后有33个国家的16万余侨民聚集这里，19个国家在此设领事馆。与此同时，中国民族资本也有了较大发展，建立起哈尔滨在当时的北满经济中心和国际都市地位。

哈尔滨是中国马克思主义思想传播较早、工人和学生运动比较活跃的城市。1923年，哈尔滨成立东北地区第一个党组织。1927年，在哈尔滨召开了东北地区第一次党代会，并成立满洲临时省委。哈尔滨成为党领导东北人民进行革命斗争和后来抗日斗争的指挥中心。

1932年，哈尔滨沦为日伪统治。在中国共产党的领导下，哈尔滨人民进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争，先后涌现出赵尚志、杨靖宇、李兆麟、赵一曼等名垂千古的民族英雄和革命烈士。1945年，哈尔滨从日伪统治下解放，人口已达70余万。1946年4月28日，哈尔滨正式建立了人民政权，成为全国解放最早的大城市。

新中国成立后，哈尔滨迅速恢复和发展国民经济，在“一五”时期，哈尔滨是国家重点建设城市之一，前苏联援建的156项重点建设工程，有13项设在哈尔滨，成为国家重要工业基地，并迅速由一个消费城市转变为新兴工业城市。1958年至1965年，哈尔滨经历了“大跃进”和经济调整的曲折发展过程。“文化大革命”期间，哈尔滨的国民经济遭到严重挫折，正常的经济、社会秩序受到严重破坏。

1996年，国务院批准松花江地区与哈尔滨市合并组成新的哈尔滨市。哈尔滨市辖七区十二县（市），行政区划面积5.3万平方公里，全市总人口948.3万人。

2004年2月4日，国务院批准了哈尔滨市部分行政区划调整。调整后的哈尔滨市辖道里、道外、南岗、香坊、动力、平房、松北和呼兰8个区和宾县、巴彦、依兰、延寿、木兰、通河、方正7个县，代管五常

The history of Harbin is of long standing and well established, it is a city that never crosses a city wall. It is early before 22000, the the Old Stone Age is terminal, here has had human activity. About before 5000, harbin area enters a The Neo-lithic Age. About before 3000, yan Shang is terminal, harbin enters the Bronze Age, belong to the archaic civilization country with Heilongjiang the earliest zone- - the distributinging area of platinic treasure culture.

Harbin is gold, clear the birthplace of two acting dynasties. The Christian era 1115, golden generation is in on Beijing (Harbin A city) found a capital. 19 centuries end, harbin already appeared village collect tens of, the dweller makes an appointment with 30 thousand person, the economic element such as traffic, commerce, population begins to expand, the formation that is a city and development laid a foundation.

Came 1896 1903, as construction of middle east railroad, industry and commerce and population begin to be taken in Harbin gather. When middle east railroad builds, harbin has formed the rudiment of latter-day city. At the beginning of 20 centuries, harbin already was become internationally commercial port, the 160 thousand more than colony that has 33 states early or late collects here, 19 countries set consulate here. Meanwhile, chinese nation capital also had greater progress, build a Harbin to be in the center of boreal full economy at that time and cosmopolis position.

Harbin is transmission of Chinese Marxism thought the city with earlier, worker and student more active movement. 1923, harbin establishs northeast zone organization of the first party. 1927, northeast area first time was held in Harbin party generation is met, hold water full continent temporarily provincial Party committee. Harbin becomes a party to lead northeast people to have revolutionary fight and the command center that fight day of fight later.

1932, harbin reduces day of bogus to dominate. Below the leader of the Chinese Communist, harbin people had the accuse and denounce at a meeting of showing the utmost fortitude, emerge early or late reveal the Zhao Shangzhi, Yang Jingyu, Li Zhaolin, name such as Zhao Yiman to hang down the ethical hero of through the ages and revolutionary martyr. 1945, harbin dominates from day bogus next liberation, population already was amounted to 70 beyond. On April 28, 1946, harbin built people political power formally, become the whole nation to liberate the earliest big city.

After new China holds water, harbin restores quickly and expand national economy, be in " 15 " period, harbin is one of cities of national emphasis construction, 156 focal points that Russia aid establishs before build a project, 13 are set in Harbin, become a state essential industry base, consume urban change quickly to be burgeoning industry city by. Came 1958 1965, harbin was experienced " great leap forward " the labyrinthian development process that adjusts with economy. "The Great Cultural Revolution " during, the national economy of Harbin suffers serious setback, order of normal economy, society is played havoc with.

1996, the Harbin city with amalgamative new composition of area of Songhua River of approval of the State Council and Harbin city. Harbin city administer 7 areas 12 counties (city) , area of administrative division into districts kilometer of 53 thousand square, whole town total population 9.483 million person.

On Feburary 4, 2004, the State Council approved division into districts of administration of Harbin city share to adjust. In the path of Harbin city administer after adjusting, outside the path, Na Gang, sweet lane, motivation, bungalow, loose north and Hu Lan 8 areas and guest county, Ba Yan, depend on orchid, Yan Shou, magnolia, connect river, Founder 7, govern on somebody's behalf 5 constant