结肠癌(CRC)的早期信号有哪些?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious health concern with a high incidence and mortality rate. Early detection can lead to a dramatic increase in survival rates, making awareness of the early signs of CRC paramount. While the symptoms can be vague and are often attributed to less serious conditions, understanding what to look for can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. The hallmark signs of CRC can include the following:

结直肠癌(CRC)是一个严重的健康问题，发病率和死亡率都很高。早期发现可以显著提高生存率，因此了解结直肠癌的早期信号至关重要。虽然这些症状可能是模糊的，并且通常被归因于不太严重的疾病，但了解要寻找什么可以帮助早期诊断和治疗。 结直肠癌的标志性迹象可以包括以下几点：

• 1. Change in Bowel Habits: Persistent changes in bowel patterns, such as diarrhea or constipation, alternating between the two, or a feeling that the bowel does not empty completely.

• 排便习惯的改变：持续的排便模式变化，如腹泻或便秘，两者交替出现，或感觉肠道没有完全排空。

• 2. Abdominal Discomfort: This may manifest as abdominal cramps, bloating, increased gas, or a persistent, unexplained abdominal pain.

• 腹部不适：这可能表现为腹部痉挛、胀气、增加的气体或持续的、无法解释的腹部疼痛。

• 3. Rectal Bleeding: Bleeding from the rectum can present as bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper, and while this can occur with other less serious conditions like hemorrhoids, it should not be ignored.

• 直肠出血：直肠出血可能表现为大便上的鲜红色血液，或者卫生纸上的血迹，虽然这可能发生在其他不太严重的疾病如痔疮，但不应被忽视。

• 4. Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unintentional weight loss is a common symptom of many cancers, including CRC.

• 无法解释的体重减轻：显着且无意的体重减轻是许多癌症的常见症状，包括结直肠癌。

• 5. Anemia: Fatigue and weakness can be indicative of anemia, which may result from chronic blood loss due to CRC.

• 贫血：疲劳和虚弱可能是贫血的迹象，这可能是由于结直肠癌导致的慢性失血。

• 6. Change in Stool Appearance: The stool may be thinner, and there may be visible mucus mixed in with the stool.

• 大便外观的改变：大便可能变细，并且可能看得见混在大便中的粘液。

• 7. Pain or Cramping: Some individuals may experience abdominal or pelvic pain, cramping, or tenderness.

• 疼痛或痉挛：一些人可能会经历腹部或盆腔疼痛、痉挛或触痛。

• 8. Nausea or Vomiting: These symptoms can occur if the cancer is causing a blockage in the intestine.

• 恶心或呕吐：如果癌症导致肠梗阻，可能会出现这些症状。

• 9. Loss of Appetite: A decrease in appetite can be a general symptom of illness and may accompany other symptoms of CRC.

• 食欲减退：食欲下降可能是疾病一般症状，可能伴随结直肠癌的其他症状。

While these symptoms are not exclusive to CRC and can be caused by a variety of gastrointestinal issues, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional if these symptoms persist. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, are recommended for those over the age of 50 or earlier for individuals with a family history of CRC or other risk factors.

虽然这些症状并非结直肠癌所特有，并且可能由各种胃肠问题引起，但如果这些症状持续存在，重要的是要咨询医疗专业人员。建议50岁以上的人或有结直肠癌家族史或有其他风险因素的个体进行定期筛查，如结肠镜检查。