Joseph Haydn (born March 31, 1732, Rohrau, Austria—died May 31, 1809, Vienna) was an Austrian composer who was one of the most important figures in the development of the Classical style in music during the 18th century. He helped establish the forms and styles for the string quartet and the symphony.16
约瑟夫·海顿(1732年3月31日出生于奥地利罗赫劳,1809年5月31日逝世于维也纳)是奥地利作曲家,在18世纪古典音乐风格的发展中是最重要的人物之一。他帮助确立了弦乐四重奏和交响曲的形式和风格。
Haydn's employment by the Esterházy family proved decisive for his career, and he remained in their service until his death. He raised the quality and increased the size of the prince’s musical ensembles by appointing many choice instrumentalists and singers.16
海顿受雇于埃斯特哈齐家族对他的职业生涯起了决定性作用,并且他一直在他们的服务中直到去世。他通过任命许多优秀的器乐演奏家和歌手,提高了亲王的音乐团体的质量和规模。
Haydn frequently visited Vienna in the prince’s retinue, and on these visits a close friendship developed between himself and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The two composers felt inspired by each other’s work.16
海顿经常随王子的随从访问维也纳,在这里他与沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特建立了密切的友谊。两位作曲家都从对方的作品中获得灵感。
Legacy: During the 1760s Haydn’s fame began to spread throughout Europe. Aristocratic patrons in south Germany, Italy, and the Austrian empire assiduously collected his music, and their libraries would eventually become important sources for copies of his work.16
在18世纪60年代,海顿的名声开始在整个欧洲传播。南德、意大利和奥地利帝国的贵族赞助人热心地收藏他的音乐,他们的图书馆最终成为他作品副本的重要来源。