人类在大自然中受到过那些启发，有哪些发明和创造？英文双语对照

在人类几十万年的发展过程中，人们为了能够让自己获得更好的生活，必须改善身边的生活条件，因此，需要发挥想象和创造力来发明许多的事物。而大自然往往是带给人们灵感最多的地方，甚至于有许多顶尖的技术也来自于大自然。今天，我们就要重点为你介绍，在大自然的启发之下，人类所创造的5大发明。

1、壁虎皮启发爬行装置

当提到壁虎的时候，你首先会想到什么呢？或许很多人会想到的是它那被切断了还能再生的尾巴吧。但壁虎还有其它的能力，并且为人类的发展带来的启发。

壁虎的攀爬能力非常强大，它们可以在垂直的表面攀爬，甚至仅通过自己的一只脚的脚趾来进行固定整个身体。事实证明，这种能力来自刚毛，也就是它们脚上卷成一团的细毛。通过局部的收缩脚上的细毛，壁虎可以产生 “范德华力”，使壁虎的脚掌产生强大的吸附能力。

科学家们经过研究已经弄清楚了如何使用这种力量，并且发明了一种模仿了壁虎这一机制的装备。

科学家们使用有机硅、塑料、碳纳米管和其他材料来重塑壁虎般的附着力，但是它们却遇到了结构问题：当粘合剂的尺寸超过几平方厘米时，粘性就会降低，从而严重限制了其实际应用。另外，该装置只能在干净，光滑的表面上工作。

2、蛾眼启发太阳能电池板

美国北卡罗来纳大学的科学家想要使薄的太阳能电池板更加高效，他们从飞蛾的眼睛里得到了灵感。

一直以来，在不断提高太阳能发电效率和负担能力的过程中，最大的障碍之一是突破效率极限。通常，单结太阳能电池的最大太阳能转换效率大约为33.7％。造成这种情况的部分原因与材料本身的带隙，以及诸如反射之类的实际考虑有关。然而，科学家们观察到了飞蛾的眼睛，飞蛾的复眼具有由细小的柱子组成的纹理图案，每个柱子都小于光的波长。当光线照射到它们的眼睛时，大部分光线会被吸收并进入角膜，并且不会受到干扰或反射。飞蛾的眼睛以这种方式进化，以使它们在夜间可以更好观察一切，并且它的眼睛不会闪烁并吸引掠食者。这个独特的结构给科学家们带来了启发。

后来，科学家们发明了一种石墨烯材料，这种材料能像蛾的眼睛一样捕捉电磁波，是迄今为止吸收能量最多的物质之一。有了合适的天线，它不仅可以从阳光中产生能量，还可以从任何发射微波或无线电波的设备中产生能量。

3、针尾草启发魔术贴

很多人都有户外丛林行走过的经历，但你是否有发现自己的衣服被一些花花草草粘住的情况呢？

在1941年，瑞士男子乔治-德-麦斯他勒在狩猎回到家中的时候，发觉自己衣服上和狗狗的身上粘了一些针尾草。这勾起了他的好奇之心，在显微镜下研究了一番以后，他观察到毛草上微小而又简单的钩子结构。他花了多年时间来对其进行研究，并测试了许多不同种类的材料，最终成功创造了真正实用的魔术贴。

4、蝙蝠启发的手杖

蝙蝠可以通过回声定位来导航，通过接受超声波，它们可以知道前方是否有物体。而英国伦敦的科学家们根据蝙蝠的这一机制发明了一种可以帮助失明和弱视的人们大步前进的手杖。这个手杖会发出超声波，并通过振动，甚至发出声音的方式来对人们进行提醒。

5、蜘蛛网启发粘合剂

如果你在房屋里看到了蜘蛛网，它们可能给你带来的启发是该打扫房屋卫生了。但是，对于科学家们来说，他们能够联想到更多的东西。例如，以此为灵感制造超强粘合剂。

研究人员注意到，蜘蛛网可以牢固地固定在树枝上，他们意识到蜘蛛的丝是经过编织的特定几何图案。然后，他们尝试使用了聚氨酯，并以静电纺织的过程以几何图案的方式拉动聚氨酯的细丝。这使它们创造了一种在医学上可以使用的粘合剂，据说这可以帮助折断的骨骼更快恢复。

In the mankind in development process of hundred thousands of years, people acquires better life to can let his, must improve the living conditions beside, accordingly, need develops imagination and creativity to invent a lot of things. And nature often is to bring people inspiration most place, the technology that has a lot of centers even also comes from at nature. Today, we are about to introduce for you mainly, it is under the inspiration of nature, the 5 big inventions that human place creates.

1, gecko skin inspires creeping device

When mentioning gecko, what can you think of above all? Probably what a lot of people can think of is it was cut off then still can reborn tail. But the capacity that gecko still has other, and be what human development brings inspire.

Of gecko climb climb ability very powerful, they can be climbed in perpendicular surface climb, the toe of a base that adopts oneself only even will undertake fixed whole body. The fact proves, this kind of ability comes from bristle, namely the fine fur of posse of the roll into on their foot. Carry the fine on local contractive foot, gecko can arise " Fan Dehua force " , make the sole of gecko generates powerful adsorptive capacity.

How do scientists use this kind of power through considering to had been cleared up, and invented a kind imitated gecko the equipment of this one mechanism.

Scientists use canal of rice of accept of organic silicon, plastic, carbon and other data to weigh the adherent force like model gecko, but they encountered structural problem however: Exceed a few square when the dimension of adhesive centimeter when, agglutinant can reduce, restricted its badly to apply actually thereby. Additional, this device can be in clean only, smooth exterior go to work is made.

2, moth eye inspires a solar battery board

The scientist that American north blocks Luo Laina university wants make thin solar battery board more efficient, they got inspiration from the eye of flying moth.

All the time since, raising solar energy to generate electricity ceaselessly in the process of efficiency and burden ability, one of the biggest obstacles are breakthrough efficiency limit. Normally, the biggest solar energy of odd form solar battery changes efficiency to be 33.7 ％ about. The belt of the partial cause that creates this kind of situation and material itself is unoccupied place, and the actual consideration of and so on of such as reflex is concerned. However, scientists observed the eye of flying moth, the compound eye of flying moth has the grain pattern that constitutes by petty post, every post is less than smooth wavelengh. Arrive when radial illuminate when their eye, major light can be absorbed and enter cornea, and won't get be disturbed or reflex. The eye of flying moth is planted with this means is developmental, it is nightly and OK that with making they are in better observation everything, and its eye won't twinkle attract sweep past the person that feed. This unique structure was brought to scientists inspire.

Later, scientists originated data of Xi of a kind of black lead, this kind of material can catch electromagnetic wave like the eye like moth, it is to assimilate one of substance with most energy up to now. Had appropriate antenna, it can produce energy from inside sunshine not only, energy still can produce in the equipment from any emissive microwave or radio wave.

3, needle end grass is inspired magic stick

A lot of people have the experience that outdoors forest has walked, but Where is the circumstance that the clothes that whether you have him discovery is adhered by grass of a few beautiful flowers and plants?

1941, swiss man tall is treated - heart - he straps Mai Si in chase in returning the home when, him disclosure stuck grass of end of a few needles on the with dog dog body on the dress. This ticks off the curious heart that had him, after studying one time below microscope, he observes on Mao Cao tiny and simple hook structure. He spent old time to undertake study to its, tested the material of a lot of different sort, ultimate success was created truly practical magic stick.

4, the cane that bat inspires

Bat can come through echo fixed position navigation, through accepting ultrasonic, they can know whether ahead has an object. And the cane with the people ongoing stride that the scientists of British London invented a kind to be able to help blindness and amblyopia according to batty this one mechanism. This cane can give out ultrasonic, pass vibration, the means that sounds even will undertake remindful to people.

5, cobweb inspires adhesive

If you saw cobweb in the building, the inspiration that they may bring to you is to should clean building sanitation. But, to scientists, they can associate to more things. For example, make for inspiration with this exceed strong adhesive.

Researcher notices, OK and firm ground secures cobweb to go up in branch, they realize the silk of the spider is the specific geometry design that the course braids. Next, they tried to use polyurethane, pull the filament that moves polyurethane with the means of geometrical design with the process of electrostatic spin. This makes they created a kind of adhesive that can use on medicine, allegedly this can help the skeleton that break off restore more quickly.