读句子学语法：过去完成时

在深入探讨英语语法的复杂性时，过去完成时态是一个非常重要的概念。它不仅帮助我们表达过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，还能够描绘出过去事件的先后顺序和因果关系。通过例句和语法分析，我们可以更好地理解过去完成时态在不同语境中的应用，从而在实际交流中更加准确地使用这一时态。

　　<例句>

　　I had thought to return early but they wouldn't let me go.

　　我本想早点回来的，但他们不让我走。

　　<语法分析>

　　在谈及由hope, intend, mean以及think等词所表达的未实现的愿望时，可以用过去完成时态，这是该时态的常见用法。所为过去完成时态就是过去时与完成时的结合，它表示在过去的某个时期或时刻之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，动作或状态的时间一直延伸到过去某个时刻。

　　<触类旁通>

　　(1) When I arrived she had just left.

　　我到达的时候，她刚刚离开。

　　语法分析：过去完成时表示过去某时前某事已经发生，可以说是过去的过去。

　　(2) I heard that he made an important discovery.

　　我听说他有了一个重要的发现。

　　语法分析：过去完成时常用在宾语从句中，尤其用在间接引语中。

　　(3) As soon as she had done it, she knew it was a mistake.

　　她刚一动手就知道做错了。

　　语法分析：在状语从句中，也用过去完成时。

　　(4) I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.

　　我原打算过来看你，但受阻未来成。

　　语法分析：有些词如hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want以及think等有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做，曾经设想而未实现的事。

　　(5) He got here before I had got up.

　　我还未起床，他就来了。

　　语法分析：before之后可用过去完成时，表示一个过去未完成或未能来得及完成的动作，这个动作发生的时间迟于主句动作发生的时间。

　　(6) We would get into trouble as soon as the gas had run out.

　　汽油一用完，我们就会陷入困境。

　　语法分析：在时间和条件状语从句中，过去完成时可大体过去将来完成时。

　　<巩固练习>

　　(1) She told me that she ______[break] her glasses yesterday.

　　(2) The bell rang before I ______[complete] my paper.

　　(3) I _____[think] that he had died at least two years ago.

　　(4) I _____[hope] to enter a university, but didn't.

　　(5) The concert was more successful than she _____[think].

　　(6) She wore the necklace her mother _____[leave] her.

　　(7) When he _____[sing] his song he sat down.

　　(8) She told me that she _____[know] me since she was a child.

　　<参考答案>

　　(1) had broken (2) had completed (3) has thought (4) had hoped (5) had thought (6) had left (7) had sung (8) had known