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读句子学语法:过去完成时

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读句子学语法:过去完成时

在深入探讨英语语法的复杂性时,过去完成时态是一个非常重要的概念。它不仅帮助我们表达过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作,还能够描绘出过去事件的先后顺序和因果关系。通过例句和语法分析,我们可以更好地理解过去完成时态在不同语境中的应用,从而在实际交流中更加准确地使用这一时态。

  <例句>

  I had thought to return early but they wouldn't let me go.

  我本想早点回来的,但他们不让我走。

  <语法分析>

  在谈及由hope, intend, mean以及think等词所表达的未实现的愿望时,可以用过去完成时态,这是该时态的常见用法。所为过去完成时态就是过去时与完成时的结合,它表示在过去的某个时期或时刻之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,动作或状态的时间一直延伸到过去某个时刻。

  <触类旁通>

  (1) When I arrived she had just left.

  我到达的时候,她刚刚离开。

  语法分析:过去完成时表示过去某时前某事已经发生,可以说是过去的过去。

  (2) I heard that he made an important discovery.

  我听说他有了一个重要的发现。

  语法分析:过去完成时常用在宾语从句中,尤其用在间接引语中。

  (3) As soon as she had done it, she knew it was a mistake.

  她刚一动手就知道做错了。

  语法分析:在状语从句中,也用过去完成时。

  (4) I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.

  我原打算过来看你,但受阻未来成。

  语法分析:有些词如hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose, want以及think等有时用过去完成时表示一个本来打算做而未做,曾经设想而未实现的事。

  (5) He got here before I had got up.

  我还未起床,他就来了。

  语法分析:before之后可用过去完成时,表示一个过去未完成或未能来得及完成的动作,这个动作发生的时间迟于主句动作发生的时间。

  (6) We would get into trouble as soon as the gas had run out.

  汽油一用完,我们就会陷入困境。

  语法分析:在时间和条件状语从句中,过去完成时可大体过去将来完成时。

  <巩固练习>

  (1) She told me that she ______[break] her glasses yesterday.

  (2) The bell rang before I ______[complete] my paper.

  (3) I _____[think] that he had died at least two years ago.

  (4) I _____[hope] to enter a university, but didn't.

  (5) The concert was more successful than she _____[think].

  (6) She wore the necklace her mother _____[leave] her.

  (7) When he _____[sing] his song he sat down.

  (8) She told me that she _____[know] me since she was a child.

  <参考答案>

  (1) had broken (2) had completed (3) has thought (4) had hoped (5) had thought (6) had left (7) had sung (8) had known


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