巫傩文化起源？英文双语对照

“巫傩文化”源自于巫文化，而“傩”源于巫术，最初，是一种驱赶式的巫术仪式。人们着佩戴面具，模拟凶神恶兽，伴以歌舞和嚎啕的仪式，驱逐由蛇虫猛兽、旱涝瘟疫、战乱屠戮……等等天灾人祸所造成的伤害和病痛。

这种古老的巫术，曾是世界上许多不同的民族，所共有的民俗文化现象。

我是喜欢挖掘新奇、刺激、好玩的神秘传统文化的大愚，我来和大家聊聊中国古老的“巫傩文化”

一、中国的“巫傩文化”起源

中国古老而神秘的“巫傩”文化，起源于原始的驱逐巫术，在漫长的时间演化中，驱赶巫术又和图腾崇拜、祖神崇拜、土地崇拜、生殖崇拜、英雄崇拜……等等信仰习俗相互融汇，后期更受到宗教的影响，逐渐形成了历史悠久、遍及各地的巫风傩俗。

“傩”孕育于新石器时代，萌生于夏、商，形成于周，并得到“礼”的规范。

经过漫长的时间积淀后，最终形成了包括多种宗教、多种艺术形式，包含民间神话传说以及诸多文学因素的庞大文化体系。

从文化的角度来看，“巫傩”文化与中国戏剧也有着千丝万缕的关系。

清末民初的著名学者王国维先生，在《宋元戏曲考》中，开宗明义的第一句话就是：“歌舞之兴，其始于古之巫乎？巫之兴也，盖在上古之世。”

王国维认为：“巫之事神，必用歌舞。”巫觋[xí]（女巫男巫的统称）装扮神灵，“或偃蹇以象神，或婆娑以乐神，盖后世戏剧之萌芽”。

二、“傩”的名称与分类

在古老中国的大地上，以驱邪纳吉、禳灾祈福为目的的巫傩活动，已经存在了好几千年，各地都有着不同的名称。

在汉族的聚居地区，沿袭了《论语》中的“乡人傩”和汉代宫廷大傩的称谓，巫傩被泛称为“傩”、“跳傩”、“傩戏”。也有各种地域性的名称，如：傩堂戏、傩坛戏、庆坛、桃园戏、阳戏、跳五猖、僮子戏、太平鼓……等等。

在少数民族地区，与汉族有相似目的的请神、娱神、驱疫活动，同样也属于“巫傩”文化，如：藏族的“跳羌姆”和“玛羌”、“若舞”、“咒偶”（十二神相舞），四川白马藏族的“跳曹盖”（面具舞），羌族的“莫恩那莎”（羊皮鼓舞），苗族的“跳鼓坛”，瑶族的“耍五岳”，满族的“太平鼓”、“八旗象”，蒙古族的“好德格沁”……等等。

“巫傩”可以分为四大类，分别是：宫廷傩、军傩、寺院傩和乡傩。

1、宫廷傩：在各个朝代德史书典籍之中，都有记载，如汉代的宫廷大傩，在《后汉书·礼仪志》中就有记载，后来随着封建王朝的解体和交替，皇权彻底取代神权，

"Witch exorcise culture " come from at witch culture, and " exorcise " result from wizard, original, it is one kind drives the wizard ceremony of type. People is worn admire mask, imitate demon evil animal, accompany the ceremony with singing and dancing and squall, drive out by anguine bug beast of prey, drought waterlogged plague, chaos caused by war is slaughtered... the harm that waits place of natural and man-made disaster a moment to cause and ailment.

This kind old wizard, ever was a lot of different peoples on the world, shares folk-custom culture appearance.

I am to like to dig fancy, exciting, interesting mysterious tradition the old fool of culture, I come and everybody talks about China old " witch exorcise culture "

One, of China " witch exorcise culture " genetic

China is old and mysterious " witch exorcise " culture, traceable drives out primitively wizard, in long time evolution, drive wizard adore with the totem again, ancestor god adores, land adores, reproduction adores, hero worship... wait belief a moment consuetudinary and mutual be in harmony is collected, later period more get religious influence, formed the history gradually long, pervade the common of Wu Feng exorcise of each district.

"Exorcise " be pregnant with at the The Neo-lithic Age, produce Yu Xia, business, form at, get " ceremony " standard.

After be being accumulated through long time, formed finally include a variety of a variety of religion, artistic forms, include the giant culture system of civilian mythological fokelore and element of a lot of literature.

From the point of the angle of culture, "Witch exorcise " the concern that culture and China also are having countless ties dramatically.

Clear minor details civilian the gentleman of dimension of distinguished scholar kingdom first, in " Song Yuan opera is taken an examination of " in, the first word of make clear the purpose from the very beginning is: "Of singing and dancing promote, its only then Yugu's witch? Wu Zhixing also, the lid is in antediluvian world. The lid is in antediluvian world..

Regnal dimension thinks: "The thing of witch is magical, use singing and dancing surely. " witch Xi [X í ] (sibylline and wizard a general designation) dress up deities, "Or cease Jian Yixiang is magical, or dancing with happy look, lid later ages is Thespian budding " .

2, " exorcise " name and classification

On the earth of old China, the witch exorcise activity that is a purpose with blessing of pray of exorcise accept auspicious, calamity averting by prayers, had put in several chiliad, each district is having different name.

Be in the area of inhabit a region of the Han nationality, follow " the analects of confucius " medium " countryside person exorcise " with Chinese generation the appellation of palace big exorcise, witch exorcise is called by extensive " exorcise " , " jump exorcise " , " exorcise makes fun of " . Also have all sorts of regional names, be like: Exorcise hall play, exorcise world show, celebrate garden of altar, peach play, in relief play, jump 5 Chang, Zhuang child play, peace and tranquility is roused... etc.

Be in minority area, ask activity of epidemic disease of god, amusement god, drive with what the Han nationality has similar objective, also belong to likewise " witch exorcise " culture, be like: Of Tibetian " jump Qiang Mu " and " Ma Qiang " , " be like dance " , " cuss idol " (dance of 12 spirits appearance) , of Tibetian of Sichuan white horse " jump Cao Gai " (mask dance) , of the Qiang nationality " Moennasha " (sheepskin is invigorated) , of Miao Zu " jump bosomy world " , of the Yao nationality " make fun of the Five Mountains " , manchu " peace and tranquility is roused " , " the Eight Banners is resembled " , of the Monggol nationality " ooze of good mind case " ... etc.

"Witch exorcise " can divide it is 4 kinds big, it is respectively: Palace exorcise, army exorcise, fane exorcise and countryside exorcise.

1, palace exorcise: In ancient codes and records of each dynasty heart history, have account, be like the palace big exorcise of Chinese generation, in " formal annals of · of book of the later Han dynasty " in have account, mix as the disintegrate of feudal dynasty later alternant, imperial power replaces religious authority thoroughly,