效率提升方案？英文双语对照

一个开发任务下达以后，我们希望尽快的实现的，对软件开发工程师的要求是：多快好省

多--单位时间产量高

快--同样的产量所需的时间少

好--质量高

省--省钱，省时，省资源

这四个目标中最主要的又是“快”，也就是效率高，当然这四个指标之间也是有相互联系的。

提高效率的第一个办法就是加人和加班，这也是目前大多数企业采用的方法，特别的简单粗暴。首先看看加人，加人对项目开发效率的影响在起初人少的时候效果非常明显效，但是随着人员的增加，效率反而会降低。举一个饭店厨师炒菜的例子。厨房里的厨师越来越多，以至于人挤人，厨师都动不了了，那活如何干呢?谁都干不了。当然这是个极端的例子，而且人数增加，其沟通的成本也大幅增加，也容易人浮于事。加班呢？时间长，厨师的效率也下降啊。目前很多的企业采用加班的方式，实际提升的不是效率而是产量。人家一天工作8小时，我工作12个小时；虽然单位时间的效率低，但以天为衡量单位的话，自然效率高了，况且加班一般来说对企业的负担并不高。企业的加班加点是有其合理性的。

第二个办法，就是分工，流水线。有人理菜，有人洗菜，有人切菜，有人炒菜，有人传菜。这就是厨房里有帮工和大厨的原因，也是现代泰勒制流水线的方法。员工的效率提高了，系统的效率也提高了。分工使得合作成为可能，分工的关键是合理划分阶段和模块。现代系统一般是多人共同合作完成的，我们很难想象一个人负责系统的所有开发工作。但是这也是有尽头的，流水线越长越好吗？还是以厨房为例，炒菜的工序再拆成打火，加油，加葱.....一群人围在一口锅旁，只为了打个火或加一勺油......这个景象也是够喜庆热闹和荒唐的！

第三个办法，采用多流水线，多厂房，这也是扩大规模。目前很多企业采用的方式，这适用于大规模生产的产品，同时其弊端也非常明显：投资太大，回收期长

第四个办法，就是招水平比较高的员工。这是一个好办法。如果高级工程师效率是初级工程师的4倍，但是工资不会是4倍的。但是这也有缺陷：1工程师的效率不会是无限的；2高级工程师的薪水也是比较高的，企业一旦项目不足，养人的成本是很高的，现在只有投入没有产出，那降低成本最明显和有效的措施就是裁人了，除非你是不可替代的，否则首先裁的就是工资高的人。

第五个办法就是采用新技术，新设备。比如厨房购置洗菜机，洗碗机等。

以上几种方法一般都要投入很多钱或其他资源的，那还用不需要投钱投入提高的效率的方法吗？有！那就是1改串行为并行；2复用；3减少不必要的工作；

After make known to lower levels of job of a development, we hope as soon as possible of implementation, the demand that develops an engineer to software is: Achieve greater

Much- - unit time yield is high

Fast- - the time that same crop place needs is little

Good- - quality is high

Province- - be economical, when the province, province resource

The mainest in these 4 targets is " fast " , namely efficiency is tall, there also is mutual connection of course between these 4 index.

The first way that improves efficiency adds support of the people to work overtime namely, this also is the method that at present most enterprise uses, especially other and simple crude. Look above all add a person, the effect that adds a person to develop efficiency to the project is when the person is at first little the effect is very apparent effect, but the addition as personnel, efficiency can be reduced instead. Cite the case that cook of a restaurant stir-fries. The chef in the kitchen is increasing, so that the person pushs a person, chef is moved not know clearly, how does that work work? Everybody does not work. Of course the example that this is an extreme, and the number increases, the cost that its communicate also raises considerably, easy also overstaffed. Work overtime? Time is long, the efficiency of chef also drops. A lot of more current business uses the means that work overtime, what promote actually is not efficiency however crop. The family works one day 8 hours, I work 12 hours; Although the efficiency of unit time is low, but it is the word that measures an unit with the day, natural efficiency is tall, besides works overtime to be opposite generally speaking the load of the enterprise is not high. Of the enterprise working overtime have its rationality.

The 2nd method, divide the work namely, automation line. Someone manages dish, somebody washs dish, somebody cuts course, somebody stir-fries, somebody sends dish. This has the reason of help with farm work and large kitchen in the kitchen namely, also be the method that contemporary Taylor makes automation line. The efficiency of employee rose, systematic efficiency also rose. Division of labor makes collaboration becomes a possibility, the key of division of labor is reasonable differentiate level and module. Commonly coact completes much person modern system, all development that we imagine very hard to a person is in charge of a system work. But this also has an end, does automation line grow better more? Still be with the kitchen exemple, the working procedure of the fried dish tears open strike a light again, cheer, add green. . . . . A flock of people are surrounded beside a boiler, to hit a fire or add one spoon oil. . . . . . This picture also is quite festival and lively and absurd!

The 3rd method, introduce much automation line, much workshop, this also is to enlarge dimensions. The means that at present a lot of enterprises use, this applies to the product of mass production, its malpractice is very apparent also at the same time: Investment is too large, pay back period is long

The 4th method, enrol a level to compare expensive stuff namely. This is a tweak. If senior engineer efficiency is 4 times of the engineer more primary, but salary won't be of 4 times. But this also has drawback: The efficiency of 1 engineer won't be infinite; The pay of 2 senior engineers also is taller, the enterprise once the project is insufficient, the cost that raises a person is very tall, only investment did not yield now, that reduces cost the most apparent dismiss a person namely with significant step, unless you cannot be replaced, what cut into parts above all otherwise is the person with high salary.

The 5th method uses new technology namely, new facility. For instance the kitchen purchases beet washer, dishwasher.

A few kinds of methods should throw above commonly of a lot of money or other natural resources, does that still use the method that does not need the efficiency that the investment that throw money improves? Have! That is 1 change string of behavior to run paralell; 2 answer with; 3 reduce needless job;