安阳民俗文化有哪些？英文双语对照

安阳民间习俗形式多样，内容丰富，它象璀璨的明珠点缀人们的生活，增添了情趣和光彩。在传统节日中，虽然存在一些落后和迷信的东西，但其主要作用在于丰富、调节人民的生活，加强人民群众之间相互联系和交往，同时表达劳动人民对美好生活的向往、追求以及对邪恶势力的厌恶情绪。正是这种内涵美，使一些传统节日久传不衰。随着政治、经济、文化的进步和发展，一些与人民生活联系淡薄的节日逐渐被淘汰，有的节日内容不断更新，抛弃其落后迷信的份，发展其健康有益的内容，逐渐成为人民的生产劳动之余庆贺丰收，改善生活，游乐嬉戏，追求光明的有益活动。

过年

春节。俗称"新年"、"阴历年"，是我国汉族人民最隆盛的节日。殷商时，每年农历十二月开始，周从农历十一月，秦和汉初则从农历十月始。汉武帝太初元年采用"太初历"，规定以孟春正月为岁首。尔后农历新年延续两千多年。清宣统三年（公元1911年）辛亥革命后，采用阳历纪年，以阳历元月一日为岁首，将农历正月初一改称春节，沿用至今。

安阳县民间将春节称为过年，但过年并非专指正月初一，而是包括年头和年尾。一进入腊月便有"年味儿"了。

腊月初八这天的早餐，民间要吃"腊八粥"。粥用小米、柿块熬制而成，味道甜香，俗称"柿疙瘩白汤"。农妇均要在太阳未出前将粥做好，扳上南墙一谷堆儿，口曰："腊八粥早些做，扳上南墙一谷堆儿，小鸹不蹬俺家谷"。吃"腊八粥"据文献记载，林州是从宋朝开始的。原来的意思是人们用一年的收获祭祀祖先、祭祀众神并庆祝丰收。后来，由于林州灾害频繁，逐渐演变为吃"腊八粥"，预祝来年粱谷丰登。目前安阳县民间尚有"吃了腊八粥，来年好收田"的俗语。

二十三，打发老灶爷上天。人们为了让灶王向玉帝为民请命，好话多说，就在灶王牌位两边的对子上写道："上天言好事，下界降吉祥"。为了防止灶王汇报假情况，就用芝麻糖当供果，粘住灶王的嘴。

二十四扫房子。民间传说灶王为天帝督使，负责察看家人功过，凡是有过者，要在墙上划道记号，到年终腊月二十三上天汇报，禄一五更接天旨后带天兵回民间按墙上记号进行惩罚。人们为了消除隐患，待打发灶王爷上天后的第二天，立即动手打扫房子，这就形成了"二十四扫房子"的习俗。

二十五磨豆腐。是日，人们将浸泡的黄豆磨碎，揉沫过箩去渣，煮沸点浆成块，捞入筛子积压而成。事后均将豆腐切小块放入加盐的清水里保存，供春节期间食用。

二十六去割肉。是日，集市上肉架林立，村上支大锅宰杀猪羊，割肉者，量家财而行，富者备至正月十五；贫者备至正月初五左右。

二十七蒸着吃。是贫家富家都要办的一件事，也是过年的特征之一。每家都要根据人口大小，客人多少，要蒸够吃到正月十五，至少也要吃到"破五"的数量。

二十八大贴刮。1949年以前，安阳县民间大都请人写对联，有个别农家利用家花来表示自己的心愿，除此之外，六上还要贴门神。门神像多为秦琼、敬德、大刀关公、五子登科等，大都是刻板印的。贴对子讲究"穷签（横联），富对子"，即横楣纸要小，对子纸要肥。1980年以后，农村又兴起了贴双对联，即除在门框上贴一幅外，另在门垛墙上再贴一幅巨联。还有用菱形纸写上一斗方子，上写"福"字，下竖写一条"出门见喜"，或"迎喜接福"，或"欢度春节"之类，贴在门口或迎壁墙上。庭树上贴有"满院春色"，石磨上贴有"白虎大吉"，石碾上贴"青龙大吉"，车上贴"日行千里"，牲口槽目贴"六畜兴旺"，粮食屯上贴"米麦满仓"，桌子上贴"日进斗金"，衣柜上贴"衣服满箱"，床头上贴"身体平安"。与此同时，各种神牌写刷一新，除厨房用绿色纸（意在免火灾）写外，其余均用红纸写成。里里外外一派红光吉祥。

二十九撒蜡走。是日晚上，以相邻近的大村庄为首，组成数十人提灯笼、敲大鼓、拍大铙、捧香卷，到各村寺庙神位前，点燃蜡烛，焚烧香箔，意在祭神驱邪送福音。村上的人们集中在圣地，等候着送福音的队伍到来。一村送，另村接，四野灯火辉煌。1950年后，此俗消失，改为二十九去打酒。

三十捏仁、出锅。捏仁即捏扁食，出锅即用油炸食品。这两项是腊月三十这天最紧张而繁重的活儿。是日，从早开始，家中所有的女子一起动手，盘馅的盘馅，和面的和面，待盘好馅和好面后，就围在炕边捏扁食。婆媳小姑边捏边逗，十分快乐。所包的扁食要足够三十晚上和初一早起食用。一直忙到下午5点左右。扁食包好后，要先煮一锅，捞到小盘内，每个盘子两个，由主妇在家烧香点纸祷告列祖列宗："有话您先知，有饭您先吃，保佑一家平安，人旺财发。"另由家中男人用条盘端着到坟上祭祖，每个坟头放一小盘，燃炮叩头。这些事办完后，开始油炸，凡是该过油的食物都要炸完，酥肉、丸子、刀头（上供用的猪肋条），菜类食品统统下锅炸，但头一锅都要先拿一点，填入灶膛里，让灶王初一五更回来吃。当然，如果农历腊月小，这一天的活动就放在二十九了。

硬币扁食。这是安阳县民间盛行的习俗。在三十包扁食时，将数枚硬币分别包入扁食里，初一早饭，谁吃到硬币扁食谁在这一年就有福，给全家老少带来极大的乐趣。人们都争先恐后地早起，尤其小孩为了吃住钱，破例地多吃扁食，乐得全家哈哈大笑。

送灯。三十傍晚，县南乡村各家各户要将用纸扎成的灯笼，接上立柱，送于坟上，长夜照明，以让先祖随人过年。此灯于初一早上收回。

拦门棍。三十晚上，人们习惯在大门里门槛跟放一根桃木棍，没有桃木的用其它棍，以防"野鬼"进家。

熬年。又叫"守岁"。民间传说三十夜晚，只要有恒心，一定会等到老天爷的闺女打开南天门向人间赐福的时候，如果早睡就没有福了。人们怀着美好的愿望，每年腊月三十夜，全家一起聊天不休，趁此享受天伦之乐。主妇也要摆好香案供上祭品，通夜秉烛，上香5遍。是夜禁大声喧哗，以免惊动神灵；禁开箱柜，以免跑财；禁照镜子，拿木梳，以免见"鬼"；禁见刀剪，以免破家；禁扫地，以免金银外流；禁倒尿盆，以免污秽神灵。三十晚上要丢剩饭，叫隔年饭。初一早起也要丢剩饭，以兆吉庆有余。1980年以后，熬年增加了新的内容，很多有条件的人家聚集在电视机旁，观看精彩的电视节目，将近子时，各家的青年右手掂着炮，左手拿着火，右脚跨门外，左脚踩门里，眼观电视屏，摆开抢点头响炮的架式。电视屏上子时一到，随着悠扬的钟声，千家万户的鞭炮声齐鸣，起火、烟花、两响等各种彩炮将天空点缀得五光十色，眼花缭乱。

初一磕头。人们天不明吃罢扁食后，晚辈先给家中长辈磕头，然后结伙去别家（一般是本族）磕头拜年。家里除留一位德高望重的老人受头外，其余都到左邻右舍，甚至三里五村向亲族新友拜年。若晚辈是小孩，或新婚媳妇，长辈要给几个压岁钱。

走亲戚。走亲戚的次序是：外甥走姥姥家，闺女携婿走娘家，然后是去姑、姨、姐家。除特殊情况外，都要回拜。民间有"初一初二娥媚月，初三初四好拜节"之说。

破五节。农历正月初五为破五日，具有迷信色彩。人们认为，初五、十四、二十三为不吉之日。正月初五是年后的第一个不吉日，非常忌讳"走亲串友"，积压自在家改善生活过节。是日寅时，家庭主妇还掏炉灰少许，送至当街十字路口，俗称"送穷灰"。

从腊月三十到正月初五这段时间，孩子们一律不挨打挨骂，吃得好，穿得漂亮，玩得开心，哪怕有了过失，也不挨打挨骂，这是老辈人传下的规矩。如打骂孩子，就会遭到众人谴责。所以孩子们最盼望的是过年。

Consuetudinary form is diversiform between An Yangmin, content is rich, it adorns the life of people like the bright phearl of bright, added appeal and luster. In traditional festival, although be put in a few things that lag behind and have blind faith in, but its main effect depends on abounding, adjust people's life, strengthen be contacted each other between people and interact, the yearning, pursuit that conveys working people to live to happiness at the same time and to evil force detest a mood. Be beauty of this kind of connotation, make part with the passing of time passes a few traditions not to decline. As the progress of politics, economy, culture and development, the red-letter day with a few as vivid as person the people's livelihood light connection is washed out gradually, some festal content are updated ceaselessly, abandon its backward and superstitious portion, develop its healthy and beneficial content, become what people's production works to congratulate a bumper harvest gradually, improvement lives, you Le plays, pursue bright beneficial activity.

Spend the New Year

The Spring Festival. Common calls past years of shade of " of " New Year, " " , it is people of our country the Han nationality most flourishing festival. When Yan Shang, annual the traditional Chinese calendar will begin in December, zhou Congnong all previous in November, at the beginning of Qin Hehan criterion from October of the traditional Chinese calendar only then. The first year of an era or the reign of an emperor of Chinese fierce Di Taichu uses " too first all previous " , stipulate with Meng Chunzheng the month is the beginning of the year. Thereafter New Year of the traditional Chinese calendar continues more than 2000 years. Clear announce all 3 years (the Christian era 1911) after Xin Hai revolution, introduce solar calendar a way to numbering the year, it is the beginning of the year one days month with in relief epoch, continue to use up to now.

Folk of the county that install this world calls the Spring Festival spend the New Year, but spend the New Year be not point to the first month of the lunar year only first one, include however year is mixed year of end. Enter the twelfth month of the lunar year to have " year flavour " .

The breakfast of this days 8 at the beginning of the twelfth month of the lunar year, folk should eat " of " rice porridge with nuts and dried fruit eaten on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month. Congee is boiled with millet, persimmon piece make and become, smell is sweet sweet, common calls " persimmon a knot in one's heart Bai Shang " . Before countrywoman all wants to did not go out in the sun, had done congee, pull on south one cereal piles the wall, the mouth says: " rice porridge with nuts and dried fruit eaten on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month is done some earlier, pull on south one cereal piles the wall, small Gua does not to step on " of my home cereal. Eat " of " rice porridge with nuts and dried fruit eaten on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month to seize document record, lin Zhou begins from Song Chao. The results that people uses original means one year is sacred ancestor, sacred thearchy celebrates a bumper harvest. Later, because Lin Zhou calamity is frequent, evolve gradually to eat " of " rice porridge with nuts and dried fruit eaten on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, congratulate beforehand bumper harvest of grain of fine grain of the coming year. the coming year is good the common saying of " receiving cropland.

23, dismiss father of old kitchen range goes up to the sky. People to let plead for the people of kitchen king Xiang Yudi, fine words says more, write on the two pairs of both sides of kitchen king memorial tablet: " God character is meddlesome, " of nether Jiang Jixiang. Report false case to prevent kitchen king, should offer with sesame seed candy if really, the mouth of clingy kitchen king.

24 sweep a room. Folklore kitchen king makes for day emperor superintend and director, be in charge of looking carefully at family desert, always have the person that pass, should delimit on the wall earmark, to end of the year 23 God report the twelfth month of the lunar year, salary 15 more troops from heaven-an invincible army is taken to answer folk to have penalty by the earmark on the wall after the aim that receive a day. People to eliminate hidden danger, wait for after dismissing kitchen king father goes up to the sky the following day, start work instantly clean a house, this formed " 24 those who sweep house " is consuetudinary.

25 grind bean curd. It is day, the soya bean that people will immerse is molar, knead foam to cross a bamboo basket to go broken bits, oar of the boiling point that boil is agglomerate, gain bolt keep long in stock and become. After the event all cuts bean curd small to be put save in the clear water that adds salt, during offerring the Spring Festival edible.

26 go cutting the flesh. It is day, the flesh on market is worn bristly, sheep of caldron butcher pig is raised on the village, the person that cut the flesh, measure penates and go, rich person to the utmost the first month of the lunar year 15;

27 evaporate are worn eat. It is a thing that deficient home rich home should do, also be one of features that spend the New Year. Every want a foundation population size, guest how many, want evaporate to take the first month of the lunar year quite 15, also want to eat " to defeat the measure of 5 " at least.

28 stick greatly blow. Before 1949, folk of the county that install this world asks a person to write couplet mostly, individual farmhouse uses a flower to express his cherished desire, besides, 6 go up to stick door-god even. Door God is Qin Qiong, Jing De, bolo to close more fair, 5 child ascend the division, it is inflexible mostly imprint. Stick two pairs to pay attention to " end to sign (horizontal couplet) , " of rich two pairs, namely transom paper wants small, two pairs paper wants fertilizer. After 1980, country arisen stick double couplet, divide namely outside one is stuck on doorcase, stick a gigantic couplet additionally again on door battlements wall. Paper of useful still lozenge is written on pipeful prescription, word of " blessing " is written on, next vertical stroke write a " to go out see happy " , or " is greeted be fond of the " that receive blessing, or and so on of " of Spring Festival of " spend joyfully, be stuck in the doorway or greet mural wall. Stick on front courtyard tree have " of spring scenery of " full courtyard, stick on stone mill have " of " white Hu Daji, stone is ground on stick " of " green Long Daji, " of a thousand li of " day travel is stuck on the car, eye of draught animals chamfer sticks " domestic animals flourishing " , " of " rice Mai Mancang is stuck on commissariat collect, " day is stuck to enter the " that fight gold on the table, " of " dress full box is stuck on chest, " body is stuck on the head of a bed restful " . Meanwhile, all sorts of god cards are written brush anew, use green paper except the kitchen (meaning in avoid fire) outside writing, the others all is written into with red paper. Outside and in sends glow lucky.

29 scatter candle to go. It is day in the evening, head with adjacent old village, comprise tens of people to carry a lantern, beat bass drum, pat big big cymbals, hold in both hands sweet roll, to god of each village cloister before, ignite the candle, burn foil of burn joss sticks, meaning gospel sends in exorcise of god of hold a memorial ceremony for. The people on the village is centered in bethel, waiting to send evangelic team arrival. One village sends, other village is received, all around lights is brilliant. After 1950, this common disappears, instead 29 go making wine.

30 hold benevolence, give boiler. Hold benevolence hold namely flat feed, give boiler to use deepfry provision namely. These two are the twelfth month of the lunar year this days 30 the most nervous and heavy work. It is day, from precocity only then, all women in the home start a hand, dish dish of stuffing of stuffing, the knead dough of knead dough, after treating range of dish of good stuffing become reconciled, surround in kang edge to hold flat feed. Edge of husband's younger sister of wife and mother holds an edge to amuse, very happy. What what wrap is flat feed should enough 30 mix in the evening early in the morning removes edible first. Busy all the time controlled at 5 o'clock to afternoon. Flat after it is good to feed a bag, want to boil one boiler first, scoop up pannikin inside, every dish two, by housewife burn joss sticks is in the home nods paper prayer to list Zu Liezong: " has a word you are prophetic, have a meal you eat first, bless restful, person flourishing money is sent. " uses a Pan Duan additionally to wear to grave by the man in the home ancestor of hold a memorial ceremony for, every grace mound puts one pannikin, light kowtow of prepare Chinese medicine by roasting it in a panbig gun. After these things do, begin deepfry, the food that always should cross oil wants scamper to be over, head of soft flesh, a round mass of food, knife (offer up a sacrifice used pig rib) , dish kind food issues boiler blast completely, but one boiler should grab the head first a bit, fill kitchen chamber in, wang Chu letting oven 15 more come back to eat. Of course, if the twelfth moon of the traditional Chinese calendar is small, activity of this day is put in 29.

Coin is flat feed. This is be current of folk of the county that install this world is consuetudinary. Be in 30 when Bao Bian is fed, wrap several coin respectively flat feed in, first meal of early in the morning, who eats coin flat who to feed to there is good fortune in this year, to the family old little bring huge joy. People ground of strive to be the first rises early, especially the child lives to eat money, break rules the ground eats more flat feed, family of readily take the opportunity to bursts out laughing.

Send the light. 30 dusks, the countryside austral the county each lantern that wants each to will be plunged into with paper, receive on pillar, send on grave, long night illume, in order to let first ancestor spend the New Year along with the person. This lamp calls in at going up early in the morning first.

Bar door rod. 30 in the evening, people habit follows in the doorsill in the gate put club of a peach, do not have peach wood with other rod, in case " of " tough spirit takes the home.

Boil year. Call " stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve " again. Folklore 30 night, want preserving heart only, regular meeting when the girl of God is opened south when day door is blessed to the world, if sleep early,do not have blessing. People cherishs good will, annual the twelfth month of the lunar year 30 night, the family chats together endlessly, take the advantage of this to enjoy family happiness. Housewife also should place good incense burner table to offer on oblation, all night grasping candle, go up sweet 5. It is night is banned make a racket, lest alarm deities; Ban bin, lest run money; Ban look in the mirror, take wooden comb, lest see " ghost " ; Ban see the knife is cut, lest destroy the home; Ban sweep the floor, lest bullion outflow; Ban chamber pot, lest foul deities. 30 should throw leftover in the evening, make lie between year of meal. Early in the morning rises to also want to throw leftover first, with Zhao Jiqing superabundant. After 1980, boil year added new content, a lot of conditional other peoples gather beside the television, watch wonderful TV program, near the period of the day from 11 pm to 1 am, weigh in hand of each young right hand is worn prepare Chinese medicine by roasting it in a panbig gun, left hand is taken catch fire, right leg steps the door outside, left foot steps on the door in, the eye watchs TV screen, lay out is grabbed nod the posture of banger. The period of the day from 11 pm to 1 am on TV screen arrives, as rising and falling ding, the firecracker sound salvo of the innumberable families, all sorts of colour artillery piece such as on fire, firework, two noises adorn the sky multicolouredly, dazzling.

First one kowtow. People day is unidentified eat flat after feeding, junior gives the elder in the home kowtow first, next gang goes fastening the home (it is commonly this a group of things with common features) kowtow pays a New Year call. The old person that keeps a sainted is removed in the home outside getting a head, the others arrives Zun Lin is right abandon, even 3 lis of 5 villages pay a New Year call to cognation new friend. If junior is a child, or newly-married daughter-in-law, elder should give a few money given to children as a lunar New Year gift.

Visit relative. The order that takes kin is: Nephew takes grandmother home, the girl carries husband to take a married woman's parents' home, it is to go to home of aunt, aunt, sister next. Outside dividing special situation, want pay a return visit. Folk has the one Chu Ere fawn on at the beginning of " month, first 3 first of the 4 good " that do obeisance to a section say.

Defeat 5. At the beginning of the first month of the lunar year of the traditional Chinese calendar 5 to defeat 5 days, have superstition color. People thinks, first 5, 14, 23 for ill-fated day. At the beginning of the first month of the lunar year 5 it is the first after year ill-fated day, special abstain from " goes close to string together friendly " , comfortable home improves keep long in stock the life celebrates a festival. It is day of the period of the day from 3 a.m. to 5 a.m. , housewife still draw out furnace grey a few, send to in the street crossroad, common says " sends end grey " .

From the twelfth month of the lunar year 30 to this paragraphs of 5 time at the beginning of the first month of the lunar year, children are same do not take a beating get a scolding, eat well, dizen, play happily, even if had unpremeditated crime, also do not take a beating get a scolding, this is one's elders person's descendant custom. If beat and scold the child, can condemn by everybody. So children most those who look forward to is to spend the New Year.