心理健康教育的总目标是:提高全体学生的心理素质,充分开发他们的潜能,培养学生乐观、向上的心理品质,促进学生人格的健全发展。
心理健康教育的具体目标是:使学生不断正确认识自我,增强调控自我、承受挫折、适应环境的能力;培养学生健全的人格和良好的个性心理品质;对少数有心理困扰或心理障碍的学生,给予科学有效的心理咨询和辅导,使他们尽快摆脱障碍,调节自我,提高心理健康水平,增强自我教育能力。
心理健康教育的主要任务是全面推进素质教育,增强学校德育工作的针对性、实效性和主动性,帮助学生树立在出现心理行为问题时的求助意识,促进学生形成健康的心理素质,维护学生的心理健康,减少和避免对他们心理健康的各种不利影响;培养身心健康,具有创新精神和实践能力,有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的一代新人。
按照“积极推进、实事求是、分区规划、分类指导”的工作原则,不同地区应根据本地实际,积极做好心理健康教育的工作。
--大中城市和经济发达地区,要普遍开展心理健康教育工作。教师要在具有较全面的心理学理论知识和进行心理辅导的专门技能以及提高自身良好的个性心理品质上有显著提高。
--有条件的城镇中小学和农村中小学,要从实际出发,有计划、有步骤地开展心理健康教育工作。要抓好心理健康教育骨干教师队伍建设,同时在总结经验的基础上加强区域性心理健康教育的整体推进工作。
--暂不具备条件的农村和边远地区,要从实际出发,制定出中小学地区性的心理健康教育的发展规划;重点抓好一批心理健康教育的试点学校,积极开展心理健康教育教师的培训工作;逐步推进心理健康教育工作。
1.吴明认为自己在班级中属于"尖子生",这种对自己在群体中地位的意识成为( B )
A 胜利自我 B 社会自我 C 心理自我 D 理想自我
2. 下述自我意识成分中属于自我体验范畴的有( D )A 自主 B 自立 C 自制 D 自信
3. 下述自我意识成分中属于自我调节范畴的有(B )A 自信 B 自立 C 自尊 D 自豪
4. 个体对自己的智力,兴趣,人格特征等的意识成为( C )
A 生理自我 B 社会自我 C 心理自我 D 理想自我
5. 在生活中,有些人不断的给自己提出新的目标,并努力实现它,进而不断的提高其自身水平.这种自我发展的表现成为( D )A 自我意识 B 自我监督 C 自我控制 D 自我教育
6. "对自己近阶段的表现感到欣慰和满意",这属于自我意识结构中的( D )
A 自我认识 B 自我监督 C 自我评价 D 自我体验
7. 营业员在进行心算时不能与顾客交谈,这种现象在心理学上的解释是( D )
A 人不能同时做两件事 B 心算不熟练
C 元注意水平低 D 短时记忆易被输入的信息替代而丧失
①有适度的安全感,有自尊心,对自我的成就有价值感。
②适度地自我批评,不过分夸耀自己也不过分苛责自己。
③在日常生活中,具有适度的主动性,不为环境所左右。
④理智,现实,客观,与现实有良好的接触,能容忍生活中挫折的打击,无过度的幻想。
⑤适度地接受个人的需要,并具有满足此种需要的能力。
心理健康教育的标题可以是“关注心灵、塑造健康——心理健康教育”。因为心理健康是一个人综合健康的重要方面,但是很多人在日常生活中忽视了心理健康的重要性。因此需要进行专门的心理健康教育来引导人们关注、维护自己的心理健康。同时,通过心理健康教育可以让人们了解心理健康相关的知识和技能,并且学会有效的应对压力、情绪管理和人际关系等方面的问题,从而塑造全面健康的心灵。
心理健康教育的内容有五个:
1个性发展的心理健康:自尊、自强、自爱、自强、自立。
2青春期要正确认识身体的变化及由此引起的心理反应。
3学习方面的心理健康,培养学习的兴趣,提高学习兴趣,明确学习的目标等;
4生活方面的心理健康,适应学校环境,与他人相处的人际关系等;
5未来生涯发展的心理健康教育。
教育感想是指对教育活动、教育经历或教育理念的触动和思考,是对教育过程中获得的经验和体验的反思和总结。
教育感想可以包含对教育目标、方法、师生关系、学习成果等方面的思考和感受,反映了个人对教育的认知和理解。教育感想是个人对教育的评价和表达,有助于进一步改进教育方式,提高教育质量,促进个人的成长和发展。
第一,尊重孩子的提问,注重智力的培养。我们一直没有刻意的去教她学习什么,只是在孩子提问的时候认真回答她提出的问题;在她喜欢看的书上面教她认一些字,给她一些她喜欢的书与碟子,让她自己学会放,怎样讲故事,平时在我讲一次故事,然后让她自己再讲一次给我听,使她对学习有着深厚的兴趣。
第二,尊重并引导孩子的思想,注重德育的培养。重视孩子的道德培养,不管在什么场合,要求做到不打人,不骂人,不说脏话。我们做父母的是孩子的第一个启蒙老师,在家里,在与孩子在一起的时候,要做到不说脏话,不做过激行为。在孩子发现父母做错了的时候,我们做父母的要主动承认错误,并引导她在犯了错误时也要勇于承认。
第三,注重孩子的独立性培养。在孩子的`成长过程,离不开教育,教育离不开尊重,尊重不等于纵容。在平时,要把孩子当成一个独立的人来看待,就必须多听听孩子的想法,和孩子多商量问题,要学会换位思考,如果是我们父母自己遇到同样的问题应该怎样做,是会像孩子那样做吗?我们不能用自己的观念、模式、自己的思维方式去认定孩子该做什么,不准做什么,更不能利用家长的权威去压制孩子的想法。让孩子有自己的想法与独立性,尊重孩子的独立性,给孩子自己的空间,让孩子自己学会涮牙、洗脸、穿衣等,让孩子自己学会独立思考,让孩子有自己的能力与知识。
中西方教育的差异,并不是表面上授课方式的差别,而是基于不同的“内核”,驱动了教育往不同的方向去发展。具体来说,这种差异在教育本心、价值标准、思维模式方面都有显著体现。
中西方教育存在深层差异,然而,却没有谁是谁非之分。中国的教育孕育了五千年的优秀文化传承,西方教育点燃了现代科技之光。这就像一张白纸有正反两面,用不同的画风,一样能够绘制巧夺天工的大作。了解差异,知己知彼,方能让教育常新。
另一方面,纵使中西方巨大的文化差异造成了两者在教育方面的诸多差异,但中西方教育也依然有共通性。那就是,不管是出于什么样的价值标准或教育方式,教育的最终目的都是为了引导受学习者进行自我认识和自我激励,掌握系统基础知识,形成创造能力、批判性思维等可迁移性技能,并形成终身学习、追求自身卓越性的精神。
(1)强化法
强化法用来培养新的适应行为。根据学习原理,一个行为发生后,如果紧跟着一个强化刺激,这个行为就会再一次发生。强化法我们之前学过斯金纳的奖励法,在一个好的行为之后给予一个愉快的刺激,来增加行为频率的发生。
(2)代币奖励法
代币是一种象征性强化物。筹码、小红星、盖章的卡片、特制的塑料币等都可作为代币。在这里要区分与强化法的区别。代币奖励法一定是当学生做出所期待的良好行为后,教师发给数量相当的代币作为强化物。学生用代币可以兑换有实际价值的奖励物或活动。因为学生年龄比较小,如果给孩子真币的话,容易产生饱足感。但是代币兑换实际价值的奖励物,每个小朋友愿意多得一个奖励。
(3)行为塑造法
行为塑造指通过不断强化逐渐趋近目标的反应,来形成某种较复杂的行为。比如:训练鸽子抬头,刚开始30度,逐步增加到60度,120度。是一系列的行为之后有一系列的刺激。区分强化法需要注意的是一系列的行为,而不是一个行为。
心理健康教育可以使学生身心都能健康发展,关系到学生的可持续发展和中华民族的健康。因此,开展学生心理健康教育对促进学生心理的健康发展有着十分重要的作用。
The total target that mental health teachs is: Improve the psychological quality of all student, develop their potential adequately, education student is hopeful, up psychological character, promote the sound development that learns stranger case.
The specific target that mental health teachs is: Make the student knows ego correctly ceaselessly, enhance adjusting control ego, bear the ability of bilk bilk, acclimatization; Foster the student's sound moral quality and quality of good individual character psychology; Have the student of psychological worry or psychogenic disorder to minority, give science to effective psychology seeks advice and coach, make they cast off an obstacle as soon as possible, adjust ego, raise mental health level, enhance ego to teach competence.
The main task that mental health teachs is to advance quality education in the round, enhance sex of the specific aim that school moral education works, actual effect and initiative, help student is established when problem of occurrence psychology behavior appeal consciousness, stimulative student forms healthy psychological quality, maintain the student's mental health, decrease and avoid all sorts of adverse effects of pair of their mental health; Foster health of body and mind, have innovation spirit and practice capacity, rational thinks, have the morality, literate, generation newlywed person that has discipline.
According to " advance actively, be practical and realistic, divisional program, classification is directive " working principle, different area should according to this locality actual, do the work that good mental health teachs actively.
- - big in city and economy developed area, want to begin mental health generally to teach the job. The teacher should be in have more comprehensive psychological theory knowledge and the technical technical ability that undertake psychology coachs and raise oneself have on quality of good individual character psychology rise significantly.
- - conditional town middle and primary school and rural middle and primary school, should from set out actually, in a planned way, measure ground begins mental health to teach the job. Want to catch good mental health to teach backbone teacher team to build, the whole that strengthens education of regional mental health on the foundation that sums up experience at the same time pushs the work.
- - the country that of short duration does not have a requirement and outlying area, should from set out actually, make the progress that gives the mental health education with regional middle and primary school plan; The key has caught the pilot school that a batch of mental health teach, begin what mental health teachs a teacher actively to groom the job; Advance mental health to teach the job stage by stage.
1. Wu Ming thinks he belongs to " the best of its kind to give birth to " in class, this kind is become in the consciousness of the position in the group to oneself (B)
Ideal ego of D of ego of psychology of C of ego of society of B of A victory ego
2.What ego experiences a category is belong to to have in undermentioned self-awareness composition (free-standing C of D)A own B abstains D self-confidence
3.Ego adjustment category belongs to in undermentioned self-awareness composition have (D of self-respect of free-standing C of B)A self-confident B is proud
4.Individual the intelligence to oneself, interest, the consciousness that wait becomes character feature (C)
Ideal ego of D of ego of psychology of C of ego of society of B of A physiology ego
5.In the life, some people give him ceaselessly to raise new target, come true hard it, raise its oneself level ceaselessly then. The performance that this kind of ego grows is become (education of ego of D of control of ego of supervisory C of ego of B of D)A self-awareness
6."The expression of close to oneself phase feels gratified with satisfactory " , this belongs to self-awareness structure medium (D)
A ego knows B ego to supervise C ego to evaluate D ego experience
7.The assistant cannot chat with the client when having doing sums in one's head, the explanation of this kind of phenomenon on psychology is (D)
A person cannot do inexperience of mental arithmetic of two things B at the same time
C yuan notice short-term memory of horizontal low D is easy the information that is inputted is replaced and lose
① has measurable safe feeling, have proper pride, valuable to the achievement of ego feeling.
② moderate land self-criticism, not beyond the mark and pretentious oneself criticize severely oneself not overly also.
③ is in daily life, have modest initiative, do not be environmental place left and right sides.
④ reason, actual, objective, have good contact with reality, the blow of the setback in can patient life, without exceeding illusion.
⑤ accepts the individual's need moderately, have the capacity that satisfies this kind of need.
The caption that mental health teachs can be " attention heart, portray health -- mental health is taught " . Because mental health is a person's integrated and healthy important facet, but the value that a lot of people ignored mental health in daily life. Because this need undertakes special mental health,education guides the people attention, mental health that maintains his. In the meantime, through mental health education can let people understand the knowledge related mental health and technical ability, and the society answers the question of the respect such as pressure, mood management and human relation effectively, model the heart of overall health thereby.
The content that mental health teachs has 5:
The mental health that 1 individual character develops: Self-respect, self-improvement, self-love, self-improvement, free-standing.
2 adolescence should know the change of the body and the psychology that cause from this correctly to react.
The mental health of 3 study respect, develop the interest of study, increase study interest, the target that studies clearly;
The mental health of 4 lives respect, get used to school environment, the human relation that gets along with other;
The mental health that 5 future career develops is taught.
Teaching impressions is to point to pair of education to activity, education is experienced or think of educational concept, be pair of experience that in teaching a course, gain and experience think over and sum up.
The reflection that teachs impressions to be able to include positive result of pair of education targets, method, teacher-student relationship, study to wait for a respect and experience, reflected an individual the acknowledge to education and understanding. Teaching impressions is the individual evaluation to education and expression, conduce to improve educational way further, improve educational quality, of stimulative individual grow and develop.
The first, respect the child's query, pay attention to intellective education. We did not teach her what to learn painstakingly all the time, just answer the question that she raises seriously when the child quizs; She teachs to know a few words above the book that likes to look in her, give her a few books that she likes and small dish, let herself learn to put, how taletelling, tell a story in me at ordinary times, let herself retell listen to me next, make she is having deep interest to learning.
The 2nd, respect and conduct the child's idea, pay attention to the education of moral education. Value moral education of the child, no matter be in what circumstance, the requirement is accomplished do not lay a person, not name-calling, do not say bad word. What we do father and mother is the first of the child illuminative teacher, in the home, when be together with the child, should accomplish do not say bad word, do not make ultra conduct. Parental err discovers in the child when, we do father and mother should admit our mistake actively, guide her to also want to be brave in to admit when making a mistake.
The 3rd, pay attention to independent character education of the child. Grow in the child's ` process, cannot leave education, education cannot leave estimation, esteem is equal to indulgent. Be in at ordinary times, should regard the child as wait for in light of an independent person, with respect to the opinion that must hear the child more, discuss an issue more with the child, want to learn conversion to think, how should be if be our him parents is encountered,same question done, be to you can resemble the child be being done in that way? We cannot maintain the child what to should do with our idea, mode, our thinking means, forbid what to do, the authority that cannot use the parent more goes squelching the child's idea. Let the child have his idea and independent character, respect the child's independent character, the space that gives him child, let him child learn rinse tooth, wash face, clad etc, let him child learn to think independently, let the child have his ability and knowledge.
The difference that Chinese and Western just teachs, not be apparently the difference of schoolteaching means, be based on however different " kernel " , drive education develops toward different way. Specific for, this differentia different is teaching respect of mode of standard of this heart, value, thinking to have reflect significantly.
Western education is put in deep-seated difference in, however, who doing not have however is the cent that who is not. Educational be pregnant with of China the outstanding culture inheritance 5000, the west teachs the light that ignited modern science and technology. This has two sides of positive and negative like a piece of white paper, with different picture wind, same can the your work of scale wonderful artical excelling nature. Know difference, the bosom friend tells the other, just can let teach Chang Xin.
On the other hand, the culture difference with the vast west in even if was caused both a lot of difference that teaching a respect, but square education of Chinese and Western still also has commonness. That is, no matter be to stem from what kind of value standard or educational means, ultimate goal of education is to guide suffer learner to have ego understanding and ego drive, master systematic ABC, form thinking of creativity, critically sex to wait but migratory sex skill, form oneself of lifelong study, pursuit the spirit of outstanding sex.
(1) aggrandizement law
Aggrandizement law uses education to get used to behavior newly. The basis learns a principle, after a behavior happening, if immediately afterwards an aggrandizement is exciting, this behavior can happen again. Aggrandizement law has learned promotive way of Sijinna before us, a happy stimulation gives after a good deed, will increase the happening of behavior frequency.
(2) token rewards a law
Token is a kind of symbolistic fortifier. The card of chip, young red star, affix one's seal, tailor-made plastic money can serve as token. Want the distinction of law of area dispenses aggrandizement here. Token award law is the good deed that makes place expect when the student certainly hind, the token that the teacher sends an amount to comparative serves as fortifier. The student can change the promotive thing that has real value or activity with token. Because student age is smaller, if give the child true money, produce satiated move easily. But the promotive thing that token changes real value, every child is willing to get an award more.
(3) behavior shapes a law
Behavior is modelled point to through ceaseless aggrandizement gradually the reaction of approach target, will form some kind of more sophisticated act. For instance: Training dove looks up, just began 30 degrees, step up goes to 60 degrees, 120 degrees. Be a series of have after behavior a series of exciting. What divisional aggrandizement law needs to notice is a series of behavior, is not a behavior.
Mental health education can make student body and mind can healthy progress, can last what matter to a student the health of development and the Chinese nation. Accordingly, the healthy development that begins student mental health to teach pair of stimulative student psychology is having very main effect.