内乡县衙介绍？英文双语对照

内乡县衙始建于元朝大德八年（公元1304年），古称菊潭古治。现存建筑为清光绪二十年（公元1894年），由钦加同知衔正五品官章炳涛主持营建，占地27，000平方米，厅堂房舍260余间。是我国保存最完好的封建社会县级官署衙门，全国重点文物保护单位。

河南省南阳市内乡县衙始建元朝大德八年古称菊潭古治占地27，000平方米进入县衙，首先映入眼帘是照壁，为青砖浮雕组成的一字型建筑群，正中有一个形似麒麟的怪兽，叫“犭贪”，主要是警戒官员不要贪赃枉法。

照壁对面的牌坊叫“宣化坊”，它面南书“菊潭古治”，面北书“宣化”二字，是知县每月的初一、十五宣讲圣谕，教化百姓的地方。大门面阔三间，明间为百米甬道的过道，

东梢间的前半间置喊冤鼓一架，供百姓击鼓鸣冤之用；西梢间的前半间立有两通石碑，上面刻着“诬告加三等，越诉笞五十”，更增加了县衙的严肃性。

进入大门，就能看到寅宾馆、衙神庙、三班院、膳馆和国内仅存的清代监狱。过了仪门，是高大壮观的县衙大堂，大堂为单檐硬山式建筑，建筑面积230平方米，堂前有宽阔的月台，堂内雕梁画栋，彩绘清晰美观。

堂中有一暖阁，为知县公堂。暖阁两侧分置仗、刀、枪、剑、戟、刑具等，也为知县审理重大案件、举行重大典礼的地方。暖阁中间的八卦图，精致优美，周围的三十六只白鹤栩栩如生，欲展翅飞翔，令游人留连忘返。

两块跪石上留下的跪坑格外引人注目，它体现了封建时代的威严和等级。大堂前甬道的两侧，东为吏、户、礼房，西为兵、刑、工房，是旧时衙门的职能办事机构。

大堂东边为县丞衙，西边为主簿衙。穿过屏门，即为二堂，是知县调解处理一般案件的地方。过二堂就是三堂，是知县日常办公的地方，如果办理的案件涉及机密，即在此审理。

另外，在三堂的左右还有一个跨院，称为东西花厅院，是知县及其家眷饮食起居的地方。后面有后花园，是知县休憩娱乐和回避政事的地方。

县衙所有建筑物前的匾额、楹联以其语言精炼、内涵丰富而令人赞不绝口，其中最为著名的当属三堂前的对联：“得一官不荣，失一官不辱，勿说一官勿用，地方全靠一官；吃百姓之饭，穿百姓之衣，莫道百姓可欺，自己也是百姓。

内乡县衙现位于伏牛山南麓南阳盆地西沿（河南省南阳内乡县城东大街中段北侧），坐北面南。大堂县衙坐北朝南，存房屋98间，建筑面积2704平方米，有大门3间，大堂面阔5间。木制构件上全部有花鸟彩绘，姿态各异，栩栩如生。柱上嵌木联一副：“欺人如欺天毋自欺也；负民即负国何忍负之。”大堂中间悬挂“内乡县正堂”金字大匾，匾额下为知县审案暖阁，阁正面立一海水朝屏风，上挂“明镜高悬”金字匾额。

三尺法桌放在暖阁内木制的高台上，桌上置文房四宝和令箭筒，桌后放一把太师椅，其左为令箭架，右有黑折扇。暖阁前左右铺两块青石，左为原告席，右为被告席。大堂两侧有议事厅，大堂后侧有平房两间，为衙皂房。

过衙皂房即至重光门，门上悬挂“天理国法人情”金字匾额。回廊式的走廊，围绕两侧配房，过重光门，两侧有重檐双回廊配房，正面为琴房，面阔5间。堂后院落两侧有配房，前后檐下皆有回廊，正面为迎宾厅。

出迎宾厅又一进院落，正面为三堂，左右为回廊式配房。三堂两侧有东西花厅院，为眷属宅院。三堂后为后花园，已毁。衙内院落开阔幽静，气氛肃穆。院中现有一元代桂花树，树高9米，枝叶繁茂，另有一株南天竹，四季常青。这座县衙是我国保存最好的古代衙署。内乡县建筑群具有独特的建筑风格。

它在整体布局上严格按照清代地方官署规制，表现了“坐北朝南、左文右武、前朝后寝、狱房居南”的传统礼制思想。同时，内乡县衙受主持营建者、浙江绍兴籍正五品县令章炳焘的影响，整个建筑群融长江南北风格于一体，规模宏大，布局严谨，深邃森严，变幻无穷。

内乡县衙是中国封建社会县级政权衙门的实物标本和历史见证，是一座十分珍贵的文史资料库。内乡县衙简介上已经开旂16个实物展厅和衙门文艺表演，更加系统地揭示了衙门文化的丰富内。

Inside countryside county Ya only then build Yu Yuanchao great mind 8 years (the Christian era 1304) , ancient Tan Gu weighing chrysanthemum is treated. Existent building is Qing Guangxu 20 years (the Christian era 1894) , you Qin is added know to hold together 5 the Zhang Bingtao that taste an official chairs build, cover an area of 27, 000 square metre, hall relationship between cousins abandons more than 260. It is our country saves goverment office in feudal China of the most in good condition office of official of class of feudal society county, countrywide key cultural relic protects an unit.

Ya of county of the countryside inside city of Henan province Nanyang only then build yuan of Chao Dade 8 years pool Guzhi covers an area of Gu Chenju 27, 000 square metre enter prefectural Ya, above all greet is a screen wall facing the gate of a house, the one word that comprises for blue bricks anaglyph building group, there is the strange animal of kylin of a be similar in shape in the middle of, cry " Piao is corrupt " , basically be cautionary official does not want take bribes pervert the law.

The memorial archway on a screen wall facing the gate of a house cries " Xuan Huafang " , the book austral its face " chrysanthemum Tan Gu is treated " , area north book " announce is changed " 2 words, be know a county every months first one, 15 explain to public emperor instructs, the place of Jiaohua common people. Gate range is wide 3, bright the corridor that is 100 meters of corridor,

Before half buy between Dong Sao calls bad luck to rouse, offer voice grievances of common people drum with; Before half between Xi Sao stand have two stone tablet, engraving above " bring a false charge against sb adds third class, appeal to cane more 50 " , more the earnest sex that increased prefectural Ya.

Enter a gate, can see the third of the twelve Earthly Branches the Qing Dynasty that house of 3 fane of guesthouse, Ya, courtyards, board and home put only is acting jail. Lived appearance door, it is lofty and grand county Ya is big, for Chan Yan hard hill type is built big, floor area 230 square metre, there is broad platform before hall, the carved beams and painted rafters inside hall, clarity of coloured drawing or pattern is beautiful.

There is one warm cabinet in hall, it is law court knowing a county. Two side divide warm cabinet buy battles, knife, gun, sword, halberd, instruments of torture, also try the major case, place that holds great ceremony to know a county. Warm the Eight Diagrams among cabinet pursues, delicate and beautiful, 36 white crane all round are lifelike, desire volant fly, your tourist stays to forget to return repeatedly.

The genuflect hole that leaves on two genuflect stone is conspicuous all the more, it reflected the majesty of feudal times and order and degree. The two side of the corridor before old hall, dong Weili, door, ceremony room, room of arms, punishment, labour is on the west, the function that is old times goverment office in feudal China handles affairs orgnaization.

Old hall the eastern side is Ya of prefectural assistant officer, book Ya is given priority to in the west. Cross screen door, it is 2 namely, it is the place that mediation knowing a county handles general case. Crossing 2 is 3, it is the place that knows a county to handle official bussiness daily, if deal with the case involves a secret, try here namely.

Additional, there still is to cross a courtyard in 3 left and right sides, call a thing to spend hall courtyard, it is the place that knows county and daily life of its dependant food. The garden after having from the back, it is the place of recreation of rest knowing a county and evasive government affairs.

A horizontal inscribed board before all prefectural Ya buildings, couplet hung on the columns of a hall is abounded with its language fine, connotation and your person is profuse in praise, among them the most famous couplet before should belonging to 3: " one Guan Burong, lose one official not disgrace, do not say one official is not used, the place relies on one official completely; Eat the meal of common people, wear the clothes of common people, modao common people is easily bullied, oneself also are common people.

Countryside county Ya is located in basin of Nanyang of the foot of mountain austral volt ox hill now inside on the west along (county of the countryside inside Henan province Nanyang east side of ave middle north) , sit in south. Ya of old hall county sits south the Northern Dynasties, put a house 98, floor area 2704 square metre, have an entrance door 3, old hall range is wide 5. There is coloured drawing or pattern of painting of flowers and birds in traditional Chinese style entirely on ligneous component, attitude each different, lifelike. Wooden couplet embeds on column a pair: "Bully person is like bully day not self-deceiving also; Negative civilian lose what He Ren loses the country namely. " big intermediate suspension " inside countryside county hall " golden word big a big round shallow basket, warm cabinet tries a case to know a county below a horizontal inscribed board, cabinet front establishs screen of one seawater face, hang on " bright mirror is hanged high " golden word a horizontal inscribed board.

Desk of 3 feet law is put on the wooden high table inside warm cabinet, the buy on the desk the four treasures of the study and canister of an arrow-shaped token of authority used in the army in ancient China, desk hind puts an an old-fashioned wooden armchair, the arrow wears its Zun Weiling, right have black folding fan. The left and right sides before warm cabinet spreads two bluestone, zun Weiyuan tells banquet, right for dock. Big two side have office of discuss official business, the side after old hall has one-storey house two, for Ya black room.

Room of black crossing Ya comes namely the door that weigh light, the suspension on the door " favor of providential national law " golden word a horizontal inscribed board. The corridor of corridor type, match a room around two side, overweight light door, two side have duouble-eaved roof double corridor to match a room, the front is musical instrument room, the range is wide 5. Two side have the yard after hall match a room, around brim falls to all have corridor, the front is the hall that welcome guest.

Hall of guest of go out to meet another enter yard, the front is 3, the left and right sides matchs a room for corridor type. 3 two side have a thing to spend hall courtyard, for spouses house. The garden after 3 hall hind are, already destroyed. The compound inside Ya is open and peaceful, atmosphere is solemn and respectful. There is a yuan of Dai Guihua to cultivate in the courtyard, the tree is 9 meters tall, branches and leaves is exuberant, have nandina of one individual plant additionally, the four seasons is evergreen. This county Ya is our country saves best archaic Ya arrange. Countryside county is built inside group have distinctive building color.

It takes the place of strictly on integral layout according to Qing Dynasty plan of local official office is made, behaved " sit south the Northern Dynasties, left Wen Youwu, before Fang Juna of the bedroom after face, jail " traditional courtesy makes a mind. In the meantime, carry on of the person that acceptor acceptor of countryside county Ya holds build inside, Zhejiang promotes Ji Zhengwu to taste a county the influence of Ling Zhangbing Dao, whole build styles of group of north and south of the Yangtse River of be in harmony at an organic whole, dimensions is baronial, position is precise, abstruse forbidding, irregular change is boundless.

Countryside county Ya is the objective specimen of goverment office in feudal China of political power of class of county of Chinese feudal society and historical testimony inside, it is a very precious literary history data-base. Inside has left on brief introduction of countryside county Ya 16 objective exhibition hall and goverment office in feudal China are literary performance, more announced systematically inside the abundance of culture of goverment office in feudal China.