欧洲文化的特点与美国文化有什么不同？英文双语对照

一、欧洲文化的特点与美国文化有什么不同？

一、开放性不同 欧洲文化更具保守性（传统性）就是说更讲究传承的风俗。

美国则稍显的开放些。二、价值观不同 欧洲更尊崇对社会的贡献，美国文化则更关注个人的价值实现。美国社会阶级不像欧洲国家那样固定，加上公共教育的普及，使沿着社会阶梯向上流动成为可能。许多生活在美国的人，无论是土生土长的美国人，还是漂洋过海来到美国的外国移民，都有一个梦，即通过自己的努力，改变自己的社会地位，实现自己的人生梦想，这就是人们常津津乐道的“美国梦”。三、多元性不同 欧洲文化有很强的传承性，不太易受文化冲击，美国则文化包容性更好，由于是移民国家。文化的多元化和多变化较强。四、信仰 美国是以基督教为宗旨的宗教文化。在美国人看来，不信基督的，和野蛮人没区别，无论财富多少，权势大小。对欧洲文化而言，持续发展着的欧洲艺术仍旧保留了莎士比亚、达芬奇、莫扎特以及其他艺术巨匠的遗产，这些遗产成为了欧洲通用的艺术语言和文化语言。更重要的其实是由共同的基督教和艺术传统产生的文化身份的认同。

二、中国电影文化与印度文化的不同？

印度电影宝莱坞是模仿好莱坞的运作模式，文化风格是插印度歌舞，轻松幽默。中国电影文化更含蓄内敛或者气势恢宏

三、中国文化与越南文化礼仪的不同？

中国越南在文化、习俗、语言上都有着明显差异。由于两国文化起源不同，所表现出来的商务文化类型和定势也不同，特别是价值观念、 思维方式、行为模式均有很大的差异。这些差异会极大地影响商务活动的各个环节，以及商务活动的成败。

1、咖啡文化：

越南人有非常浓厚的咖啡文化，这是中国或其他亚洲文化中极少的东西。据个人了解越南人不仅拥有自己独特的咖啡风格，而且前往咖啡馆聊天，喝杯咖啡是大多数越南人常规的事情，这就是为什么越南会有这么多咖啡店。

2、当地的越南习俗：

如嚼槟榔；越南有着自己独特的习俗，不与中国湖南等地的嚼法相同，越南人会把一片槟榔和一片没有撒石灰的槟榔叶，甚至还包括一片烟草一块嚼。传统上，越南人在开始谈话之前邀请他们的客人嚼槟榔。妇女长期嚼槟榔就会把牙齿染成黑色，这视为一种美。

3、语言：

两种语言不在同一语言家族中。即使60％的越南语词汇来自中国，词序也是截然不同的。越南人尝试了几种不同的文字系统，首先是汉字，然后是喃字，现在是拉丁字母。

中越文化差异中，也还是保留了中国文化：

1、春节文化

像我们农历的春节，越南几乎和我们一模一样，贴春联，还有红包等等和我们大同小异。虽然废除汉字多年，就连红包上的字都写着“大吉大利”，“福”这个字却在越南十分常见，春节期间几乎是家家户户都会贴上这个春联。

2、服饰文化

当地女性的旗袍开叉都开到腰部，旗袍作为我国传统服饰的一种，是最能展现东方女性韵味的一种服饰。我国的旗袍一般开叉都是开到小腿部位，为了更加妩媚，也会开叉开到大腿。越南在历史上有很多地区都是属于中国的，受到了中国文化的耳濡目染，这个国家的女性也开始穿旗袍。但是令人感到奇怪的不是，这个国家女性旗袍开叉都开到腰部了。

四、古巴和美国文化的不同？

古巴是社会主义而美国是资本主义，水火不相容

五、中国与古希腊在思想文化上的不同？

思想基础不同

首先，中国哲学思想的基础是伦理道德，而西方哲学思想的基础是宗教，所以他们有天堂、地狱、创世纪以及上帝。而中国哲学思想更注重人的思想本身，更注重对人性的思考和反思。中国的哲学思想更关心提高心灵的境界，以达到超乎现实的境界，甚至获得高于道德价值的价值，也就是中国古人所追求的“圣人”的境界。

而西方的哲学思想发源于公元前的古希腊，直到罗马帝国以及后来的中世纪，欧洲的宗教对欧洲政治、文化和思想都有非常深厚的影响，直到公元14世纪的“文艺复兴”开始，科学才逐渐战胜宗教，成为欧洲社会发展的主要力量。而在此之前，宗教一直深深地影响西方哲学思想，以至于苏格拉底被控告不敬畏城邦的神而被处以死刑。

思想背景不同

其次，是东西方哲学思想的背景不同。古希腊是海洋国家，而中国是大陆国家，以农业为生，在中国哲学思想中有所谓的“本”和“末”之分，本就是指农业，而末是指商业。中国古代思想中，一直有重本轻末，也就是重农轻商的思想。农业是以家庭为单位，因此家庭制度在中国的社会制度中占有非常重要的位置，在传统的社会关系中：君臣、父子、兄弟、夫妇、朋友，其中3个是讲家庭的。而且中国的文化中，家庭观念很重是中国文化的特点。

而且，农耕和农业是靠古人直觉领悟的，从这一理论也可以看到，为什么知识论在中国古代没有发展起来，比如看到一张桌子在面前，它是真实的还是虚幻的，它仅仅在我心中的一个观念还是客观存在的，中国古代哲学是不会考虑这些问题的。但是在西方的哲学观念中，会考虑主观和客观的区别，进而通过假设去论证，这样发展起来西方的知识论。

所以，中国哲学是通过直觉得到概念，而希腊哲学是通过假设得到概念。古希腊是海洋国家，靠商业维持繁荣，因此商业在其社会中很重要，而商业账目是比较抽象的数字，这些数字是一种假设的概念，而不是实在存在的事物。也因此古希腊的数学和数量推理出现较早。在柏拉图学院，数学就是一门非常重要的学科。古希腊也有很多伟大的数学家，比如阿基米德、毕达哥拉斯、欧几里得。

六、楚文化与中原文化的不同？

中原文化和楚文化分别指长江流域和黄河流域的文化，相辅相成，对立统一，文化差异导致冲突，但同一居多，相互影响，中原文化的图腾代表龙，楚文化的凤，中原文化的代表人物孔子，墨子等和楚文化的代表人物屈原，老子等不都是中华民族的嘛，不都是人类的嘛

七、河姆渡文化与良渚文化的不同？

首先，文化谱系和时间的区别。良渚文化是环太湖流域文化谱系中的一环，河姆渡文化是宁绍平原地区的考古学文化，仰韶文化是中原地区的文化谱系序列中的一环。在时间上，良渚文化晚于河姆渡文化和仰韶文化。良渚文化距今5300年到4300年，河姆渡文化和仰韶文化都是距今7000年左右，两者在时间上早于良渚文化。

其次，文化面貌和发展阶段不同。这也是良渚能够判定为文明，而河姆渡文化和仰韶文化等早于良渚文化的新石器文化未能进入文明社会的重要标志。

八、人在称呼方式上美国文化和中国文化有什么不同？

在称呼方式上中国与美国有很大的不同。

中国人习惯上把姓放在前面，名放在后面，表示对家族属性的尊敬和认同。

在正规场合，中国人的习惯称“姓+名”，这种称呼不带任何感情色彩。

在感情上由远及近的顺序：“姓+名”、“姓+同志（先生或女士）”、“姓（单独称姓）”、“名（单独称名，一般复名时用）”、“小+姓（被称呼者年龄明显小于称呼者）”、“老+姓（被称呼者一般大于称呼者）”、“名+名（单名重复，一般用于长辈对晚辈或者情侣之间的称呼）”、“老+姓（晚辈对德高望重的长辈的称呼）”。乳名一般用于父母对子女的称呼。

对有官、职的人还可以用“姓+职务名”强调对对方职位的尊敬。

美国人姓名则是名在前姓在后。也有的人把母姓或与家庭关系密切者的姓作为第二个名字。还有人用父名或父辈名作为自己的名字。

美国妇女的名字在结婚前都有自己的名字 ，结婚后一般是自己的名加丈夫的姓。

美国人口头一般称姓 ，正式场合一般要全称 但关系密切的常称本人名。亲属朋友除称本人名外 还常用昵称。

不同的国家有不同的习俗文化，我们要尊重文化的多样性 ，尊重各文化之间的差异，博采众长，实现不同文化间的交流、融合。

九、中国文化遗产与外国文化遗产的不同？

中国文化遗产以宫殿，寺庙，古城墙，石窟为主，富有汉文化风格，而外国文化遗产富有基督教，伊斯兰教，佛教文化特点，具有巴洛克，洛可可等古典主义或者浪漫主义，现实主义，现代主义特点

十、南非文化与美国文化的异同之处？

南非是非洲文化，美国是移民文化，南非和美国都有欧洲移民

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英文翻译对照，仅供参考

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One, what do the characteristic of European culture and American culture have to differ?

One, different Europe culture has open sex more conservative sex (traditional sex) that is to say is more exquisite the custom of inheritance.

What the United States shows a bit is some opener. 2, viewpoint of value is different Europe more the homage contribution to the society, american culture pays close attention to the individual's value to come true more. Country of Europe of unlike of American society class is fixed in that way, add public education gain ground, make flow up along social a flight of stairs become a possibility. A lot of people that live in the United States, no matter be local born and bred American, still bleach ocean to cross the sea to emigrate, have a dream, pass oneself effort namely, change oneself social class, realize oneself life dream, this is people Chang Jinjin of happy path " American dream " . 3, different Europe culture has pluralism very strong inheritance sex, suffer culture not quite easily to pound, american criterion culture includes the gender is better, because be emigrant country. The diversity of culture and much change are stronger. 4, devotional United States is the religious culture that is a tenet with christian. Look in American, do not believe Christian, do not have distinction with Goth, no matter fortune how many, ascendancy size. To European culture character, the European skill that developing continuously still preserved the heritage of Shakespeare, Da Vinci, Mozart and other and artistic great master, these bequest became Europe's general artistic language and culture language. More important is the self-identity of the culture capacity that generates by collective christian and artistic tradition actually.

2, of Chinese film culture and Indian culture different?

A depressed place of Lai of Indian film treasure is imitate Hollywood run mode, culture style is to insert Indian singing and dancing, relaxed and humorous. Chinese film culture is more implicative inside collect or imposing manner extensive grand

3, do Chinese culture and Vietnam culture differ formally?

Chinese Vietnam is having apparent difference on culture, consuetudinary, language. Because two countries culture is genetic different, the type of business affairs culture that place expression comes out also differs with calm situation, especially mode of means of value sense, thinking, behavior all has very big difference. These difference can affect each link of business affairs activity greatly, and the success or failure of business affairs activity.

1, coffee culture:

Vietnam person has very rich coffee culture, this is the few thing in China or other Asia culture. According to the individual understanding Vietnam person has his distinctive coffee color not only, and head for cafe to chat, drinking a cup of coffee is the thing of routine of most Vietnam person, this is why Vietnam can have so much cafes.

2, local Vietnam is consuetudinary:

If chew areca; Vietnam is having him distinctive consuetudinary, not with Chinese Hunan and other places munch a way identical, vietnam person can mix an areca to do not have the areca leaf of lime, still include a tobacco to be chewed together even. On the tradition, the guest that they invite before Vietnam person is beginning a talk chews areca. The woman chews areca for a long time to be able to catch the tooth into black, this regards a kind of beauty as.

3, language:

Two kinds of languages are absent same language is familial in. Although the Vietnamese vocabulary of 60 ％ comes from China, word order also is disparate. Vietnam person tried a few kinds of different character systems, it is a Chinese character above all, it is Nan word next, now is the Latin alphabet.

In culture divergence is being exceeded in, still also preserved Chinese culture:

1, Spring Festival culture

Resemble the Spring Festival of our the traditional Chinese calendar, vietnam is mixed almost we exactly like, stick spring festival scrolls, still red bag is mixed etc we very much the same. Although abolish Chinese character is old, with respect to Lian Gong the word on the bag is being written " Dajidali " , "Blessing " this word is in however Vietnam is very common, it is every family can affix this spring festival scrolls almost during the Spring Festival.

2, dress culture

The cheongsam of local female opens fork to open the waist, the cheongsam regards our country tradition as a kind of dress, it is a kind of dress that can show Oriental female lasting appeal most. The cheongsam of our country opens fork commonly is to open crus position, for more enchanting, also can leave diverge ham. Vietnam has a lot of areas on the history belong to China, got the be influenced by what one constantly sees and hears of Chinese culture, the female of this country also begins to wear a cheongsam. But what your person feels strange is not, cheongsam of this country woman opens fork to open the waist.

4, of Cuba and American culture different?

Cuba is socialism and the United States is capitalist, incompatible

5, China and Gu Xila is what go up in thought culture different?

Thought foundation is different

Above all, the foundation of Chinese philosophy thought is ethical morality, and the foundation of western philosophy thought is religion, so they have heaven, hell, achieve century and god. And the thought itself that Chinese philosophy thought pays attention to a person more, the reflection that pays attention to pair of human nature more and think over. Philosophical thought of China cares the state that raises the spirit more, exceed in order to achieve actual state, obtain the value of value of prep above morality even, namely place of Chinese the ancients goes after " sage " state.

And philosophical thought hair of the west results from the Gu Xila of BC, till Rome empire and later mediaeval, european religion has very profound effect to European politics, culture and thought, till the Christian era of 14 centuries " renaissance " begin, scientific ability gradually conquer religion, become the main force that European society expands. And before this, religion affects western philosophy thought deeply all the time, so that Socrates be charged with is irreverent of Wei city-state magical and be in with capital punishment.

Thought setting is different

Next, the setting that is thought of thing square philosophy is different. Gu Xila is marine country, and China is mainland country, make a living with agriculture, call somewhat in Chinese philosophy thought " this " and " end " cent, point to agriculture namely originally, and end is to point to commerce. In thought of Chinese ancient time, have all the time weigh this small last stage, weigh namely farming the thought of small business. Agriculture is it is an unit with the family, because this family system is in Chinese regime,have very important place, in traditional human relations in society: Jun Chen, father and son, brother, couple, friend, among them 3 tell a family. And in Chinese culture, domestic idea is the characteristic of Chinese culture again very.

And, farming plough and agriculture is to rely on the ancients intuition to comprehend, from this one theory also can see, why intellectual talking rises without development in Chinese ancient time, see a piece of table is in for instance before, it is true visional still, it is in what an idea in my heart exists objectively still merely, philosophy of Chinese ancient time won't consider these issues. But in the philosophical idea in the west, unified exam Lv is subjective with objective distinction, be proved then through hypothesis, such development rise western knowledge is talked.

So, chinese philosophy is to pass intuition to get an idea, and Greek philosophy is to pass hypothesis to get an idea. Gu Xila is marine country, rely on commerce to maintain prosperity, business is very accordingly main in its society, and commercial items of an account is more abstract number, these numbers are the concept of a kind of hypothesis, is not the thing of honest existence. Also appear because of the maths of this Gu Xila and quantitative inference earlier. Be in Plato institute, maths is a very main subject. Gu Xila also has a lot of great mathematician, for instance Archimedes, Pythagoras, Euclid.

6, is what Hunan culture changes with Central Plains article different?

Central Plains culture and Hunan culture point to the culture of catchment of the Yangtse River and the Huanghe valley respectively, supplement each other, unity of opposites, culture difference causes conflict, but same be in the majority, mutual influence, the totem of Central Plains culture represents dragon, of Hunan culture phoenix, the delegate character Confucius of Central Plains culture, the delegate character Qu Yuan that the He Chuwen such as Mo Zi changes, father not be of the Chinese nation, not be of the mankind

7, is what river Mu crosses culture and fine Zhu Wen to change different?

Above all, the distinction of culture pedigree and time. Fine smalls piece of land surrounded by water culture is annulus too the one annulus in pedigree of lake catchment culture, river Mu crosses the archaeological culture that culture is area of Campagna of peaceful carry on, yangshao culture is the one annulus in the culture pedigree alignment of Central Plains area. On time, fine smalls piece of land surrounded by water culture is later than river Mu to cross culture and Yangshao culture. Fine smalls piece of land surrounded by water culture is apart from arrived 5300 today 4300, river Mu crosses culture and Yangshao culture is to be apart from controlled 7000 today, both antedate on time fine Zhu Wen is changed.

Next, culture appearance and development level are different. This also is fine smalls piece of land surrounded by water can decide for civilization, and river Mu crosses culture and Yangshao culture to wait antedate the important sign that fine smalls piece of land surrounded by water the culture of new stone vessel of culture fails to enter civilized society.

8, what does the person have to differ in culture of the United States on appellation means and Chinese culture?

On appellation means China and United States have very big different.

Chinese customarily puts the last name in front, the name is put at the back, express the respect of pair of familial attribute and self-identity.

In normal circumstance, the Chinese's habit says " surname + renown " , this kind of appellation does not take any emotional tint.

Go up in feeling by the order with close prep as far as: "Surname + renown " , " surname + comrade (gentleman or lady) " , " surname (weigh a surname alone) " , " renown (weigh a name alone, use when answer name commonly) " , " small + surname (by appellation person the person that the age is less than appellation apparently) " , " old + surname (by appellation person the person that be more than appellation commonly) " , " renown + renown (single name repeats, use at elder commonly to junior or the appellation between sweethearts) " , " old + surname (junior is right the appellation of the elder of sainted) " . Infant name is used at parental two pairs commonly female appellation.

Still can use to having the person of official, duty " surname + functionary name " the respect that stresses position of pair of the other side.

American full name is an advanced surname after. Some people surname the mother or also concern with the family close person the surname serves as the 2nd name. Return the name that somebody uses father name or father generation name regards him as.

The name of American woman has his name before marry, the name that oneself are commonly after marrying adds marital last name.

American population head says to surname commonly, formal circumstance wants full name commonly but the relationship is close often call oneself the name. Relative friend is divided commonly used nickname is returned outside calling his the name.

Different country has different consuetudinary culture, we should respect the diversity of culture, respect the difference between each culture, rich is collected numerous long, implementation is the communication between different culture, shirt-sleeve.

9, of Chinese culture bequest and foreign culture bequest different?

Chinese culture bequest with palace, cloister, ancient city wall, grotto is given priority to, rich Chinese culture style, and foreign culture bequest is full of christian, mohammedan, buddhist culture characteristic, have Baluoke, rococo classical or romanticism, realistic, modernistic characteristic

10, the place of the similarities and differences of south Africa culture and American culture?

South Africa is African culture, the United States is emigrant culture, south Africa and beautiful national capital have Europe to emigrate