现代科技技术有哪些？英文双语对照

1.科学界完成迄今最全面癌症基因组分析  

2020年2月5日，英国韦尔科姆基金会桑格研究所宣布，一个国际团队完成了迄今覆盖面最广泛的癌症全基因组分析，这有助于加深研究人员对癌症的认识，为开发出更高效的治疗方案铺平道路。

该项目被称为“泛癌症计划”，由来自37个国家的1300多名科学家合作开展，旨在研究可导致癌症的变异基因，绘制出这些基因的全图谱，为癌症研究获取了丰富的基因数据。

2.人造叶绿体研制成功  

德国和法国研究人员通过将菠菜的“捕光器”与9种不同生物体的酶结合起来，制造了人造叶绿体。

这种叶绿体可在细胞外工作，收集阳光，并利用由此产生的能量将二氧化碳转化成富含能量的分子。研究人员希望这种新的光合作用能为转基因作物打开新大门，创造出比现有品种生长速度更快的新品种。

在世界人口激增的背景下，这对农业发展是一个福音。

3.人工智能首次成功解析蛋白质结构  

2020年11月30日，在蛋白质预测结构挑战赛CASP上，AlphaFold程序将深度学习与张力控制算法结合，并应用于结构和遗传数据，该深度学习网络利用目前已知的17万种解析完毕的蛋白质进行了训练。

生物学界最大的挑战之一——蛋白质三维结构解析有望被破解。

4.新型催化剂将二氧化碳变为甲烷   

美国科学家开发出一种新型铜-铁基催化剂，可借助光将二氧化碳转化为天然气主要成分甲烷，这一方法是迄今最接近人造光合作用的方法。

研究人员称，新催化剂如获进一步改良，将降低人类对化石燃料的依赖。

5.脑-机接口技术助瘫痪男子重获触觉  

2020年4月23日，美国研究团队在《细胞》上发文，他们成功利用脑-机接口（BCI）系统帮一位瘫痪患者恢复了手部触觉。

BCI系统在改进后成为首个同时恢复运动与触觉功能的系统，不仅能让受试者仅靠触觉就能感知到物体，还能够感知握持或捡拾物体时所需的压力。

 6.科研人员绘出迄今最大三维宇宙结构图   

国际斯隆数字巡天调查（SDSS）项目在对400多万个星系和蕴含巨大能量的超亮类星体进行分析后，发布了迄今最大的宇宙三维（3D）结构图。

目前理论认为宇宙产生于约138亿年前的大爆炸。通过理论分析和天文观测，科研人员此前对宇宙的远古历史和最近的膨胀史都有相当了解，但中间却存在一个约110亿年的认知缺口。

有关研究人员表示，新成果终于填补了这一空白，是宇宙学领域的重大进展。

7.美研究人员在超高压下实现室温超导  

2020年10月16日，美国的一个科研团队在《自然》杂志发表研究成果。该团队在超高压下的一种氢化物材料中观察到室温超导现象，这一新突破让研究人员朝着创造出具有极优效率的电力系统迈进了一步。

近年来超导研究的进展已表明，富氢材料在高压下可将超导温度提高至零下23摄氏度左右。美国罗切斯特大学科研人员在实验室中将可实现零电阻的温度提高到了15摄氏度，这个效果在2670亿帕斯卡压力下的一个光化学合成三元含碳硫化氢系统中被观察到，这个压力约是典型胎压的100万倍，并且达到了实验中实现的最高压力值。

8.“基因魔剪”首次直接用于人体试验  

据2020年3月初英国《自然》网站报道，科学家首次开展临床试验，将CRISPR-Cas9基因疗法直接用于人体，治疗遗传性眼病——莱伯氏先天性黑蒙症（LCA10）。

LCA10是导致儿童失明的主要原因，目前尚无治疗方法。CRISPR-Cas9有“基因魔剪”之称，在最新试验中，这种基因编辑系统的组件将被编码于病毒基因组中，然后直接注入患者眼睛的近光感受器细胞内。

研究人员表示，此试验旨在测试该基因编辑技术移除导致LCA10的基因突变的能力，具有里程碑意义。

9.引力波探测器发现迄今最强黑洞合并事件  

引力波探测器探测到了天文学家未曾想到的惊人发现，这是迄今为止我们所知的最大规模的黑洞合并事件。

此次黑洞合并最早被发现于2019年5月21日，合并产生的引力波被美国激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）和意大利室女座干涉仪（Virgo）探测到，合并事件被命名为GW190521。

10.冷冻电镜技术突破原子分辨率障碍  

如果想绘制出蛋白质最微小的部分，科学家通常需要使数百万个单个蛋白质分子排列成晶体，然后用X射线晶体学分析它们；或者快速冷冻蛋白质的副本，然后用电子轰击它们，这是一种低分辨率的方法，叫作冷冻电镜技术。

在电子束技术、探测器和软件进一步的帮助下，来自英国和德国的两组研究人员将分辨率缩小到1.25埃或更小，这已经足以计算出单个原子的位置。增强的分辨率或使更多的结构生物学家选择使用冷冻电镜技术。

The heretofore of 1. division academia that finish is the most comprehensive analyse of cancer gene constituent 

On Feburary 5, 2020, institute of case of foundation mulberry of Mu of division of British Wei Er announces, an international group finished heretofore to enclothe the most extensive cancer analyse of complete gene constituent, this conduces to deepen the researcher understanding to cancer, to develop more efficient treatment plan levels road.

This project is called " extensive cancer plans " , by many 1300 scientist that comes from 37 countries collaboration is begun, aim to consider to be able to cause the mutation gene of cancer, scale gives the complete atlas of these gene, for cancer research got rich gene data.

2. man-made chloroplast develops a success

Germany and French researcher are passed spinach " catch light implement " the enzymatic union of as different as 9 kinds organism rises, made man-made chloroplast.

This kind of chloroplast can work outside the cell, collect sunshine, use the energy that produces from this to change carbon dioxide into the element that contains a lot ofenergy. Researcher hopes this kind of new photosynthesis can is turn gene crop opens new entrance door, innovation goes to grow than having variety the new breed with rapidder rate.

Below the setting of world population increase sharply, this is a good news to agricultural development.

3. artificial intelligence succeeds first analytic protein structure

On November 30, 2020, structural challenge CASP is forecasted to go up in protein, alphaFold program commands deepness study and pulling force algorithmic union, apply at structure and genetic data, network of this deepness study uses 170 thousand current and foregone kinds analytic ending protein undertook training.

One of challenges with biologic the biggest group -- protein three-dimensional structure is analytic hopeful is defeated to solve.

4. new-style activator turns into carbon dioxide methane 

American scientist development goes a kind of new-style copper - iron radical activator, but have the aid of is smooth firedamp of bases of natural gas of carbon dioxide translate into, law of this one party is the method that heretofore is close to man-made photosynthesis most.

Researcher says, if new activator is obtained reform further, will reduce the human dependence to fossil fuel.

5. head - machine interface technology is aided break down man recovery touch 

On April 23, 2020, the United States studies the group is in " cell " on dispatch, they use a brain successfully - machine interface (BCI) systematic side breaks down the patient restored hand ministry touch.

BCI system makes first system that restores motion and tactile function at the same time after improve, can let suffer the person that try to rely on touch to be able to feel an object only not only, still can feel grasp the pressure that hold or needs when picking up object.

 6. researcher draw gives to this day plan of structure of the largest three-dimensional universe 

Day of make one's rounds of Si Long number investigates international (SDSS) the project is opposite many 400 galaxy and accumulate contain tremendous energy after exceeding bright quasi-stellar object to undertake an analysis, released to this day the largest universe is three-dimensional (3D) knot composition of a picture.

At present theory thinks the universe arises at making an appointment with the big burst 13.8 billion years ago. Pass theoretical analysis and astronomical observation, the researcher is mixed to ancient history of the universe before this recent expand history have understand quite, but the intermediate cognitive gap that is put in about 11 billion years however.

Concerned researcher expresses, new achievement eventually fill this one blank, it is the significant progress that the universe learns a territory.

7. is beautiful researcher realizes room temperature superconduction below extrahigh voltage 

On October 16, 2020, group of a scientific research is in " natural " the magazine publishs research positive result. This group observes in the material of a kind of hydride below extrahigh voltage phenomenon of room temperature superconduction, this one new breakthrough lets researcher be created forward piece have extremely the power system of actor efficiency strode one pace.

In recent years the progress of superconductive research already made clear, rich hydrogen material falls in high pressure can raise superconductive temperature to be controlled to 0 23 Celsius. The United States the temperature that college researcher can realize 0 resistor in lab lieutenant general raised Luoqiesite 15 Celsius, a when this effect falls in pressure of 267 billion Pascal actinic synthesis is observed in system of hydrogen of 3 yuan of vulcanization that contain carbon, this pressure is 1 million times what the embryo presses more typical about, and reached the highest pressure value of the implementation in the experiment.

8. " gene demon is cut " use at human body experiment directly first 

According to the England at the beginning of March 2020 " natural " website report, the scientist begins clinical trial first, use CRISPR-Cas9 gene treatment at human body directly, treat transmissibility eye disease -- Lai uncle family name is congenital Hei Meng disease (LCA10) .

LCA10 is the main reason that causes children blindness, still do not have remedial method at present. CRISPR-Cas9 has " gene demon is cut " say, in newest experiment, the component of system of editor of this kind of gene will be coded in virus gene group, next inside the cell of dipped beam receptor of eye of direct infuse patient.

Researcher expresses, this experiment aims to check this gene to edit a technology to move the ability that eliminates the gene mutation that causes LCA10, have milepost sense.

Detector of 9. gravitation wave discovers to this day is the strongest the black hole is amalgamative incident 

Gravitation wave detector explored the astonishing discovery that astronomer have not thinks of, this is up to now the most large-scale black hole that we know is amalgamative incident.

This the black hole incorporates be discovered the earliest on May 21, 2019, the gravitation wave of amalgamative generation is interfered by American laser gravitation wave observatory (LIGO) with Italian Virgo interferometer (Virgo) explore, amalgamative incident name GW190521.

Technique of mirror of 10. refrigerant report breaks through atomic resolution obstacle 

If think scale gives the share with the smallest protein, the scientist needs to make normally millions single protein element arranges crystal, learn to analyse them with X ray crystal next; The carbon of fast perhaps and refrigerant protein, use electronic shell next they, this is the method of a kind of low resolution, call refrigerant report lens the technology.

In electron beam technology, detector and software further help falls, two groups of researcher that come from England and Germany narrow resolution 1.25 dust or smaller, this already enough computation gives individual atomic seat. Buildup resolution or make more structural biologists choose to use technology of refrigerant report lens.