怎么看数码相机有无坏点？英文双语对照

1.打开相机，预热1－2min，利用这段时间，进入菜单，关上日期打映功能（新机器默认关，开了估计不是新的），关上降噪功能（默认关），关上图象效果（锐度、对比度、清晰度、饱和度等都开到normal），关上反转片效果，自动白平衡。然后盖上镜头盖，没有镜头盖的机器用平整的，深色封面的，较厚的大书牢牢的将相机镜头遮住。如果有可能，在镜头周围围住一块黑布。图像格式选择jepg精细（fine），这个最常用。有些全自动的机器快门一慢就自动开启降噪，解决的方法在第二条讲。

2.现在开始测试。不要变焦。首先测试最低iso下的亮噪点/坏点情况。其他iso测试方法完全相同，略。全手动和部分手动的就不用说了，都可以手动将iso改至最低。无手动的相机，后面再讲方法。用最快快门、常用快门（1/250s、1/125s、1/30s、1/15s直到1s其中的几档（自己随便挑，覆盖全面一点）以及最慢快门拍摄数张全黑片，以测试ccd的亮噪点/坏点情况。全自动的机器无法决定快门，那么用夜景模式拍摄一张代替最慢快门样张（此时一般iso最低，但有些机器会自动开启降噪）；用夜间人像模式（挡住闪光灯）拍摄一张代替1s快门样张；用自动档（P档）并开启闪光灯（自动闪光模式，记住挡住闪光灯）拍摄一张代替1/60s样张；用风景模式代替1/125s样张；用运动模式（如果有的话）代替最快快门样张（没有就算了）。以上各种代替法除了夜景模式一般情况自动降噪都不会开启的，放心。

上面测试的都是亮噪点/坏点情况，反映的是ccd的电耦合元件的漏电、短路、击穿等可以导致亮噪点/坏点情况。所谓亮噪点/坏点就是ccd上总是不正常地过度感光的点。下面还很有必要测试暗噪点/坏点的情况，反映的是ccd元件的烧毁、断路、甚至漏油、进灰等情况。暗噪点/坏点相反就是ccd上总是不能感光的点。

3.打开镜头盖或移去遮挡镜头物，开始测试ccd暗噪点/坏点。很多人不测试这个，但我帮不少人测试过，发现我的朋友中很多人碰到了这个情况，有时候很影响照片质量，但是过了包换期，后悔不迭，所以这里不得不说。记住：暗噪点很可能是ccd进灰/漏油造成的，如果你的机器不是新机器。将你的机器对准一张纯白的，干净的白纸。白纸的照明要好，用桌面小台灯增加照明。日光灯的就用自动白平衡，白炽灯的就用白炽灯（卤素灯）白平衡，其他设置不变。让白纸充满画幅（取景器），为了不靠的太近使用光学变焦保持20cm左右的距离防止机器和手挡住光线。

1. opens watch for an opportunity, warm-up 1 - 2min, use this paragraph of time, enter menu, shut date to hit mirror a function (new machine acquiesce closes, opening estimation is not new) , shut fall function of a confusion of voices (acquiesce closes) , close image result (acutance, contrast, definition, degree of saturation open Normal) , close reversal film result, automatic Bai Pingheng. Next brainpan of the lens on the lid, use level without lens cranial machine, of brunet cover, of thicker big book firmly obscure camera camera lens. If likely, in a black cloth is surrounded all round camera lens. Jepg of image format choice is careful (Fine) , this is the most commonly used. A little full automatic machine shutter falls slow with respect to automatic open a confusion of voices, settlement method is told in the 2nd.

2. begins a test now. Do not want scorch. The bright a confusion of voices that checks lowermost Iso to fall above all is nodded / bad place situation. Method of other Iso test is identical, summary. Complete hand is moved and partial manual need not say, OK the hand is moved change Iso to lowest. Without manual camera, from the back retell method. With the fastest shutter, commonly used shutter (1/250s, 1/125s, 1/30s, 1/15s till 1s among them a few archives (oneself are carried casually, enclothe a bit more comprehensive) and the slowest shutter films number Zhang Quan is black piece, nod in order to check the bright a confusion of voices of Ccd / bad place situation. Full automatic machine cannot decide shutter, so film with night scene mode one piece replaces prospectus of the slowest shutter (right now general Iso lowest, but some machines will be automatic open falls a confusion of voices) ; With nightly figure mode (hold off flashlight) film one piece replaces 1s shutter prospectus; With automatic archives (P archives) and open flashlight (automatic flashy mode, remember holding off flashlight) film one piece replaces 1/60s prospectus; Replace 1/125s prospectus with scenery mode; Type of the movable mould that use motion (if have) replace prospectus of the fastest shutter (did not calculate) . Above all sorts of substitution law besides night scene mode general situation falls automatically a confusion of voices won't of open, be at ease.

What check above is dot of bright a confusion of voices / bad place situation, the leakage of electricity of the electric coupling component that reflective is Ccd, short circuit, puncture can bring about bright a confusion of voices to nod / bad place situation. Alleged bright a confusion of voices is nodded / the dot that bad place always is out of order excessive sensitization on Ccd namely. Return below very be necessary to check dark a confusion of voices to nod / bit worse situation, the burn down that reflective is Ccd component, open circuit, leak even oily, wait for a circumstance into ash. Dark a confusion of voices is nodded / bad place is instead always cannot nod sensitively on Ccd.

3. opens lens brainpan or move go content of keep out camera lens, begin to check Ccd dark a confusion of voices to nod / bad place. Accident of a lot of people tries this, but I help many people had checked, a lot of people in the friend that discovers me encountered this situation, occasionally very influence picture quality, but crossed a bag to change period, regret incessantly, so here must say. Remember: Dot of dark a confusion of voices is probable it is Ccd enters ash / leakage oil causes, if your machine is not new machine. Aim your machine a piece of lily-white, clean white paper. The illume of white paper is close friends, with the desktop small desk lamp increases illume. Of fluorescent lamp use automatic Bai Pingheng, of incandescent lamp use incandescent lamp (haloid lamp) Bai Pingheng, other setting is changeless. Let white paper be full of picture (viewfinder) , for the too close use optics that does not lean scorch maintains the distance that 20cm controls to prevent machine and hand to hold off the light.