中国传统文化与西方传统文化有何差异？英文双语对照

1、中国文化重人性，西方文化则重理智。

中国儒家思想的核心是“仁”，孔子曰“爱人”，孟子曰：“仁也者，人也”。所谓人就是指人际关系，中国讲究礼节，注重孝为仁之根本，注重“君君、臣臣、父父、子子”的不同等级秩序，要求臣忠于君，子孝于父母，弟尊敬兄长，等等，否则为“不仁”。

然而，西方的文化则偏重于理智、理性，认为理智应该而且能够控制情感，人应该控制自我的欲望，用理智和道德去追求幸福，理智的份量大于人情的份量。“我爱我师，我更爱真理”这一哲理名言充分体现了西方对理智的偏重远远大于对人情的重视。

2、中国人注重人与自然的和谐，强调“天人合一”，西方人强调“人为万物之灵”，自然不过是人的陪衬。

西方人在处理人与自然的关系时，往往注重个人和物质利益，强调对自然的索取和征服，认为人有能力而且必须征服自然以获取生存的条件。

而中国人从先秦时代就形成了“天人合一”的思想，强调在处理人与自然的关系时，注重人与自然的和谐，认为“天、地、人一统于道”，老子认为“人法地，地法天，天法道，道德自然”。

3、从语言角度看，汉语是非形态语，西方语言为形态语。

西方文字是由单个字母组成的流线性的文字，它以形统意，通过严密复杂的形态变化来表达意思。在句法上只要是主谓结构都是句子，也只有主谓结构才是句子。

而汉语是以象形文字为基础的方块字，方块字本身就包含了丰富的语意意思，汉语言是以意统形的，句子的句法、组织结构和语义根据所要表达的意境和内容来安排，而且在汉语中没有主语和谓语的句子是随处可见的，所以汉语组织以达意为主，不滞于形而以意统形。

西方流线性的语言和文字相应于西方人单向性的思维模式，他们强于分析、逻辑。中国文字是以象形文字为基础的，讲究整体性与立体性，体现了中国人立体的思维模式。

4、西方重物质，中国重精神。

在西方人眼里，物质的满足是相当重要的，从西方的殖民史可以看出，西方人对于物质的追逐简直不择手段，对物质的追逐，对感官刺激的寻求，一度使西方人感觉迷茫。相反，东方文化尤其是中国文化的核心是重精神，注重精神上的满足。

5、西方重个人主义，中国文化重集体主义。

西方自从18世纪欧洲启蒙运动以来，自由、人权、平等、博爱等思想深入人心，西方的精神强调个体的自由，注重个体的奋斗，个人的权利。私人的权利与财产神圣不可侵犯，甚至会为个人的私利而不顾国家之利益。

而中国文化重集体主义。从古至今，家国思想贯穿人心，一个与众人格格不入的人在中国是没有出路的。尤其是新中国成立后，集体主义更是深入人心。

中国人的行为注重的是以大局为重，不以自我的私利而去损害国家集体的利益，强调集体至上的原则，在个人利益与国家利益、集体利益发生冲突时，必要时要牺牲个人利益而维护国家、集体的利益。

1, sex of Chinese culture everybody, western culture weighs reason.

The core of Chinese Confucianism is " benevolence " , confucius says " sweetheart " , the Mencius says: "Benevolence also person, person also " . Alleged person points to human relation namely, china pays attention to ceremony, those who pay attention to Xiao Weiren is essential, pay attention to " father of official of Jun Jun, official, father, child child " different rank order, requirement official devoteds to gentleman, child filial piety at parents, younger brother respects an elder brother, etc, it is otherwise " heartless " .

However, western culture slants overweight reason, reason, think sensible should and can control emotion, the person should dominate the desire of ego, go pursueing happiness with reason and morality, sensible deal is more than the deal of favor. "I love my division, I love the truth more " logion of this one philosophic theory reflected the west adequately to be more than pair of favor far to sensible lay particular stress on take seriously.

2, the Chinese pays attention to person and natural harmony, emphasize " day person syncretic " , hesperian emphasizes " the spirit of factitious everythings on earth " , nature is the person's foil nevertheless.

When Hesperian is treating person and natural concern, often pay attention to individual and loaves and fishes, emphasize pair of nature ask for and conquer, identify humanness capable and the condition that must conquer nature lives with getting.

And Chinese from first times of the Qin Dynasty was formed " day person syncretic " thought, when emphasizing treating person and natural concern, pay attention to person and natural harmony, think " unify of day, ground, person at " , father thinks " person doctrine ground, ground law day, nature law, morality is natural " .

3, look from language angle, language of Chinese dispute configuration, western language is configuration language.

Western character is the character of the streamline sex that comprises by single letter, it with meaning of body interconnected system, through close and mixed pattern change conveys a meaning. Going up to want only in syntax is advocate call the structure is a sentence, also have only advocate call the structure just is a sentence.

And Chinese is with pictographic the Chinese characters that is a foundation, chinese characters itself included rich language meaning meaning, chinese character is with form of idea gather into one, structure of sentential syntax, organization and the artistic concept that semantic basis wants to convey and content will arrange, and the sentence that does not have subject and predicate in Chinese is everywhere is visible, so Chinese organization is given priority to with express the idea, not sluggish at form and with form of idea gather into one.

The language of western streamline sex and character are corresponding the thinking mode at Hesperian odd tropism, they are strong at analysis, logic. Chinese character is with pictographic be a foundation, pay attention to integral sex and stereo sex, reflected the Chinese's stereo thinking pattern.

4, western heavy thing is simple, china weighs spirit.

In Hesperian eye, corporeal satisfaction is quite important, the colony history from the west can see, hesperian the angle to material scarcely choose method, to corporeal angle, seek to what the sense organ stimulates, make Hesperian feels confused for a time. Contrary, oriental culture especially the core of Chinese culture is heavy spirit, pay attention to the satisfaction on spirit.

5, the west is heavy individualistic, chinese culture is heavy collectivistic.

The west since the Enlightenment of 18 centuries Europe since, the thought such as free, human rights, equal, humanitarian is thorough popular feeling, western spirit emphasizes individual liberty, pay attention to struggle individually, the individual's right. Private right and belongings sacrosanctity, can be the individual's expedience even and ignore national interest.

And Chinese culture is heavy collectivistic. From ancient up to now, domestic state the thought is perforative popular feeling, an as antipathetic as everybody person is in China have no way out. Especially after new China holds water, collectivistic more thorough popular feeling.

What the Chinese's behavior pays attention to is attach most importance to with overall situation, do not harm the interest of national collective with the expedience of ego, stress collective and consummate principle, in individual interest and national interest, collective interest happening conflicts when, want sacrificial individual increase when necessary and maintain country, collective interest.