读句子学语法：各个时态的被动语态

在英语中，被动语态是一个重要的语法结构，用于强调动作的接受者而非动作的执行者。被动语态不仅能够改变句子的重点，还可以在不同的时态下进行灵活应用。了解被动语态的构成规则对于掌握英语语法至关重要。以下是一些被动语态的构成规则及其在不同时间状态下的使用示例，通过这些例子可以更清楚地了解如何运用被动语态来表达不同的时态和语境。

　　<例句>

　　I am given a lot of work to do.

　　他们给了我大量工作。

　　<语法分析>

　　一般时态的被动语态构成是：一般现在时的被动语态构成为am, is或are +过去分词，一般过去时的被动语态构成为was 或were +过去分词，一般将来时的被动语态构成是will (shall) be +过去分词，一般过去将来时的被动语态构成是would be +过去分词。现在进行时态的被动语态构成为am, is或are + being +过去分词，过去进行时态的被动语态构成为was或were + being +过去分词。现在完成时的被动语态构成为has或have + been +过去分词，过去完成时的被动语态构成为had + been +过去分词。

　　<触类旁通>

　　(1) The boy is called Tiger.

　　这个小孩叫老虎。

　　语法分析：一般现在时的被动语态构成为am, is或are +过去分词。

　　(2) Where were you educated?

　　你在什么地方受的教育?

　　语法分析：一般过去时的被动语态构成为was或were +过去分词。

　　(3) Shall I be allowed to go with you?

　　允许我和你们一起去吗?

　　语法分析：一般将来时的被动语态构成是will或shall be +过去分词。

　　(4) I was afraid I wouldn't be admitted.

　　我担心我进不去。

　　语法分析：一般过去将来时的被动语态构成是would be +过去分词。

　　(5) She was being looked after by her brother.

　　她正由她弟弟照顾。

　　语法分析：过去进行时态的被动语态构成was或were + being +过去分词。

　　(6) She told me that the factory had been closed down.

　　她告诉我这家工厂已经倒闭。

　　语法分析：过去完成时的被动语态构成为 had + been +过去分词。

　　<巩固练习>

　　(1) The two words _____ pronpounced in the same way.

　　(2) They ______ given a warm send-off at the airport.

　　(3) The result ______ not be announced until 5 o'clock.

　　(4) He thought he _____ be invited.

　　(5) They _____[be] interrogated by the police.

　　(6) The troops _____[be] inspected by the president.

　　(7) _____ they been notified about it?

　　(8) We were glad that he _____ been awarded a gold medal.

　　<参考答案>

　　(1) are (2) were (3) will (4) would (5) are being (6) were being (7) Have (8) had