如何学习视频制作？英文双语对照

1.先大致说一下影视行业制作流程：筹划—文案—摄制—后期—验收。筹划阶段又分为构思、调研、提案、洽谈、协议签订等。文案阶段分为创作剧本、拍摄脚本等。摄制阶段包括组建团队、确定拍摄方案、甄选演员、踩点选景、器材和服化道准备等。后期制作阶段包括：剪辑、包装、调色、配乐、配音、特效等。验收阶段包括审核、修改、定稿、入库备份等…

2.那具体到学习，无外乎就是理论+实践，至于方式方法和学习顺序，你既可以先学些理论，再去实践；你也可以倒过来先实践，再从实践中摸索出理论，但这样比较费时费力，也容易走弯路。毕竟如果没有一点理论做基础，刚开始拍摄制作时会有些摸不着头脑，不知道怎么拍是好是对的，后期制作时也是无从下手，因此我建议还是多少补充一些影视理论知识，再上手拍摄，然后在这个过程中不断总结发现，来来回回地学习实践，不断地遇到各种问题，不断地解决问题，最后你的作品也会越来越完美，你的能力也会越来越强。

3.那么接下来就是摄制阶段，导演最后再讲。对于零基础的初学者来说，也许在正式拍摄前，还面临器材选择的一个迷茫问题。很多人不太清楚自己的片子应该用什么机器来拍摄，然后市面上的机型类型又五花八门，所以到底该如何选择器材是很多摄制前就面临的第一个问题。

4.那么这里就简单谈一下器材的选择。器材我们可以笼统的分为前期制作的器材和后期制作的器材。那前期制作的器材无外乎就是满足画面+声音的摄录，对于小成本制作，或者刚开始练手的话，只要能满足摄录画面和声音，然后有一定画质的保证就可以。当你练好了，或者你是土豪不差钱的话，那你完全可以将满足画面摄录的：摄影机、镜头、脚架、监看、稳定器、摇臂、轨道、航拍器、GoPro等一次买齐，以及满足声音录取的：话筒、话筒杆、防风罩、录音机、调音台、监听等。那么作为刚开始的初学者来说，你其实并不需要这么多林林总总的器材，也许你只需要一台能拍画面，能录声音的单反相机就足够。不要小瞧了单反，现在的单反早已经不是以前只会简单拍照的相机了，而且现在很多长片电影都在用单反拍摄制作，我曾经跟组参与制作的一个独立电影，全程就是用佳能的5D2拍摄完成的，后来还获得了金马奖，所以器材不是最重要的，何况现在器材的功能也越来越强大，所以这也导致了现在影视制作的门槛也越来越低，人人都可以手拿相机和手机成为一名导演。

5.那么如何拍摄？前面你已经看了一些影视理论书籍，相信已经知道了镜头的类别，知道什么是大景、什么是中景，什么是特写，有哪些角度，以及它们各自的功能属性，而且在你编写故事的时候，画面都在你脑海里了，所以那还等什么，直接去拍就是了。凭你的直觉，你觉得这里适合用什么景别，什么机位就去用，到了后期剪辑时你就能检验出来。通过一次次的拍摄和剪辑，你就会不断发现问题，不断精进。更何况前面提到的《电影镜头设计》，《电影化叙事》等里面列举了很多现成的拍摄技巧和手法，足够将你的小视频拍成大片的感觉，只要你运用得当。

6.OK，那么该如何下手剪辑你的片子：

（1）首先，你得先把剪辑软件掌握好，至于如何掌握，网上有很多关于PR、还是FCP软件的学习教程，琳琅满目非常多，所以我这里就不啰嗦。如果你悟性很高，或者有一定的软件操作基础，那么你可以不用看教程学习。可以像我一样用简单粗暴的办法，直接“生吃”，那就是直接硬剪个一两部以后你就基本掌握了软件的操作，在剪之前稍微了解一下剪辑软件界面和菜单；查看熟记一些常用的快捷菜单，也许剪辑起来会更加高效，随着后面更多的剪辑，你会对剪辑软件的操作越来越熟练。

（2） 掌握好了剪辑软件以后，就开始整理你拍摄的原始素材，整理的工作有很多，采集、备份、转码、命名、编号、归类等，要干净规范，别偷懒，免得素材越多，越是后面越难整。然后你就可以进行剪辑了。剪辑可以笼统地分为粗剪和精剪。粗剪阶段，你主要是把所有需要的镜头按照剧本搭起来，保证片子的完整性，不遗漏镜头和台词。你先筛选和标记你需要的镜头，但不要轻易删除“不需要”的视频片段，也许后面会有用。然后不要管时长，也不要管节奏风格之类的，不要在粗剪阶段尽善尽美，要留余地。如果你是没有脚本的片子，比方没有脚本的纪录片，如何剪辑和搭建？你可以先按照故事的时间顺序搭建，也可以按照事件搭建，或者按照人物、按照地点等一段落一段落的剪辑，然后再构思如何结构，如何剪辑你的片子，也就是你前期拍摄时没有太多想法和故事，但可以通过后期的剪辑中寻找故事和框架。甚至也可以通过一首音乐的灵感，来结构剪辑片子，都可以。

（3） 到了精剪阶段，你就可以“尽善尽美”，精剪期间主要是细节方面的工作，完善结构，调整节奏，确立风格等，是一个不断打磨，精雕细琢的过程。如果你在剪辑过程中，没有感觉，没有头绪了，可以试着听一些好的影视配乐，或者看一些跟你相似题材的片子来找找灵感。当你剪完以后，你也许还需要稍微调个色，配个乐，上个字幕，然后输出成片就大功告成。然后对于剪辑，这里再啰嗦两句：剪辑的学习，不管是剪辑软件的学习，还是剪辑技巧的学习，都不是最重要的，因为你学习的剪辑软件只是一个剪辑工具而已，重要的是剪辑艺术性的东西，例如什么蒙太奇、轴线、剪辑点、30度原则，动静组接、情绪、节奏等，如果这些不清楚，你掌握的剪辑软件再熟练，也无从下手，所以以上说的这些也需要慢慢学习掌握。

7. OK，那么导演的学习过程就是前面从文案到剪辑整个制作流程学习的阶段，自己写几个本子，自己拿着机器拍，自己剪，然后多看电影，多拍多练，就会综合地锻炼了你的导演能力，所以导演是一个综合全面的，统揽全局的职位。不管是编剧，还是摄影和剪辑，你也许不需要像他们那样在某个环节，某方面很擅长，但是作为导演的你得多少都要了解和学习，不然你如何指挥？对于导演的学习，你可以先从事剪辑，在转型成导演，你也可以先从事摄影或者编剧，再转型成导演。对于想从事摄影的来说，最好还是能会些剪辑，有了剪辑的积淀，再从事摄影，你将会有更好的分镜意识和剪辑意识，对于从事摄影的来说，会很有帮助。

1. says industry of movie and TV makes circuit roughly first: Plan, article table, produce a film, later period, check and accept. Planning phase is divided again for conception, survey, draft resolution, negotiate, the agreement is signed etc. Cent of article record level is creation play, film script. Phase of produce a film includes to establish group, affirmatory film plan, select an actor, step on a dot to choose kimono of scene, equipment to change preparation to wait. Later period makes level include: Editing and rearrangement, pack, mix colors, dub in background music, dub, specially good effect. Check and accept level to include examine and verify, revise, backup of final version, put in storage...

2. that is specific to study, outside notting have it is academic + practice, as to means method and study order, you can learn some of theory first already, go carrying out again; You also can come over to be carried out first, fumble from inside practice again a theory, but compare take time so arduous, take roundabout way easily also. If do not have a bit theory,become a basis after all, some are met to feel when just beginning to pat produce a film to make do not wear brains, knowing how be being patted is good is right, when later period is made, also be to do not know how to start, more or less to accordingly I suggest or complement knowledge of theory of a few movie and TV, again begin films, sum up discovery ceaselessly in this process next, will answer ground study to carry out back and forth, encounter all sorts of problems ceaselessly, solve a problem ceaselessly, your work also is met finally more and more perfect, your ability also is met stronger and stronger.

3. is phase of produce a film next so, direct final retell. To the abecedarian of 0 foundations, before perhaps filming formally, still face a when equipment chooses confused problem. A lot of people are not quite clear oneself movie should film with what machine, next the type kind on market multifarious, how should choosing equipment after all so is the first problem that faces before a lot of produce a film.

4. so here chooses with respect to what talk about equipment simply. The equipment that the equipment that our OK and general component makes for early days and later period make equipment. The equipment that that early days makes is not had outside satisfy a picture namely + audio is photographed collection, make to small cost, just perhaps began the sentence of experienced hand, want to be able to be satisfied only absorb news of collection picture harmony, the assurance that next certain picture pledges is OK. Had drilled when you, or you are the word that local tyrant does not need money, you are completely then OK will contented picture photographs of the collection: Cinematograph, camera lens, horse, inspect looks, stabilizer, rocker, orbit, boat is patted implement, GoPro one Cimaiqi, and contented sound admits: Lever of mike, mike, windbreak cover, recorder, sound console, monitor etc. So regard inchoate as abecedarian for, you do not need so much Lin Lin actually always total equipment, perhaps you need to be able to take a picture only, can record audio sheet to turn over camera enough. Not small look sheet is turned over, present sheet is turned over early not be the camera that can take a picture simply only before any more, and film of very much now full-length film is patting produce a film to make instead with sheet, I once followed group participate in a made independent movie, whole journey uses beautiful namely can 5D2 films finish, still won golden horse award later, so equipment is not the most important, what is more,the rather that the function of equipment is more and more powerful also now, so this also brought about the doorsill that movie and TV makes now lower and lower also, everybody is OK the hand takes camera and mobile phone to become a director.

5. so how to film? You had read book of theory of a few movie and TV in front, believed to had known the category of camera lens, knowing great respect, what is is medium shot, what is close-up, have what point of view, and their respective function attribute, and when you write a story, the picture is in your brain, what does that still wait for so, going patting directly is. By your intuition, you feel here suits to be fastened with what scene, what seat number is used, arrived when later period editing and rearrangement you can examine come out. Through film and editing and rearrangement, you can discover a problem ceaselessly, ceaseless essence is entered. More what is more,the rather that in front mention " movie scene is designed " , " picturize is narrative " etc inside listed a lot of film off-the-pegly skill and gimmick, enough the feeling that sends your small video big, want you to apply only proper.

6.OK, how should do it so editing and rearrangement your film:

(1) above all, you must have mastered software of editing and rearrangement first, as to how to master, there is a lot of on the net about the PR, study tutorial that still is FCP software, full of beautiful things in eyes is very much, so here not Suo. If your comprehension is very tall, perhaps certain software operates a base, so you need not be used see tutorial study. Can use simple and rough method like me, direct " eat raw " , that is cut forcedly directly namely 9 you are basic after the ministry the operation that mastered software, understand interface of software of editing and rearrangement and menu a little before cut; Examine memorize a few commonly used quick menu, perhaps editing and rearrangement rises the meeting is more efficient, as from the back more editing and rearrangement, you will be more and more skilled to the operation of software of editing and rearrangement.

(2) after mastering software of editing and rearrangement, begin to trim the original material that you film, the job that arrange has a lot of, collect, backup, turn code, name, number, classify, want clean standard, fasten lazy, lest material is more, the more from the back rectify harder. Next you can undertake editing and rearrangement. OK and general cent is editing and rearrangement thick cut and essence of life is cut. Thick cut level, the camera lens that you basically are an all need is put up according to the play come, assure the integrality of the film, do not omit camera lens and actor's lines. You choose the camera lens that with mark you need first, but do not delete easily " do not need " video extract, perhaps from the back the meeting is useful. When be in charge of next, grow, also not be in charge of rhythm style and so on, do not be in thick cut level to the queen's taste, want leave some leeway. If you are the film that does not have script, do not have the newsreel of script for example, how editing and rearrangement and build? You can be built according to the time order of the story first, also can build according to incident, or according to the character, wait for one paragraph according to the place the editing and rearrangement of one paragraph, conceive again next how structure, how editing and rearrangement your film, there are too much idea and story when your early days films namely, but story and frame are searched in the editing and rearrangement that can pass later stage. What also can carry a music even is inspirational, come film of structural editing and rearrangement, OK.

(3) arrived essence of life cuts level, you are OK " to the queen's taste " , the job of detail respect basically is during essence of life is cut, perfect a structure, adjust rhythm, establish style, it is a ceaseless burnish, the process of fine carve of carve of essence of life. If you are in process of editing and rearrangement, without the feeling, do not have main threads of an affair, can try to hear dub in background music of a few good movie and TV, perhaps see a few pieces that follow your likeness subject matter search seek inspiration. After be being cut when you, you still perhaps need to move a color a little, match happy, last caption, output next piece with respect to success. Next to editing and rearrangement, here again Suo two: The study of editing and rearrangement, no matter be the study of software of editing and rearrangement, still be the study of skill of editing and rearrangement, not be the most important, the software of editing and rearrangement that learns because of you is tool of an editing and rearrangement only just, important is the thing of artistic quality of editing and rearrangement, for example 30 degrees of dot of what montage, axes, editing and rearrangement, principles, movement group is received, mood, rhythm, if these are not clear, the software of editing and rearrangement that you master is again skilled, also do not know how to start, so above says these also need to learn slowly master.

7.OK, so learning process of the director is in front the phase that to editing and rearrangement from article table the whole technological process that make learns, oneself write a few editions, oneself are taking a machine to pat, oneself are cut, see a movie more next, take much practice more, direct ability with respect to what exercised you can integratedly, so the director is integrated and comprehensive, all takes global position. No matter be playwrite, still be photography and editing and rearrangement, you perhaps do not need to be in in that way like them a certain link, some respect very be good at, but serve as a director more or less must you want to understand and learn, how are you directed otherwise? To the director's study, you can be engaged in editing and rearrangement first, the director is become in transition, you also can be engaged in first photograph or playwrite, again transition becomes a director. Photograph to wanting to be engaged in for, still had better be to be able to be met some of editing and rearrangement, had editing and rearrangement accumulate, be engaged in photography again, you will have the better consciousness that divide lens and consciousness of editing and rearrangement, to be engaged in photography for, the meeting is very helpful.