神奇的化学现象？英文双语对照

      化学很有趣，这门科学可以解释周围发生的各种现象。之所以很多人喜欢化学，是因为有些化学反应会产生令人难以置信的视觉效果。下面来介绍一下十大不可思议的化学反应。

1、魔法振荡反应

这种反应也被称为“振荡时钟”，其中布里格斯-劳舍尔（Briggs-Rauscher）反应是最常见的化学振荡反应之一。在这个反应中，参与反应的为三种无色化学物质——酸化碘酸钾（KIO3 + H2SO4）、丙二酸和一水硫酸锰（HOOCCH2COOH + MnSO4·H2O）的溶液、稀释的过氧化氢（H2O2）。

结果，溶液的颜色在无色、琥珀色和深蓝色之间持续振荡约3至4分钟。

2、法老之蛇反应

如果想在实验室里重现埃及的神奇，这个反应非常适合。反应物之一为硫氰化汞（Hg(SCN)2），这种白色固体可以在实验室中通过硝酸汞或氯化汞与硫氰酸钾的沉淀反应制得。当硫氰化汞被点燃后，会产生一种连锁反应，释放出烟雾和灰烬，并长出一根看起来像蛇的条状物质，因此得名“法老之蛇”。

“蛇”的颜色可以通过添加适当的化学物质来改变。然而，汞是一种毒性很强的化学物质，需要小心处理。

3、万花筒反应

这种反应的美妙之处在于，它是被意外发现的。当化学家鲍里斯·贝洛索夫（Boris Belousov）试图建立活细胞中有机分子氧化的化学模型之时，他观察到反应没有进行到完全，而是在不同的颜色之间振荡，看起来就像是一个万花筒。

在该反应中，溴和有机酸（最好是丙二酸）在金属催化剂（如镁或铬）的作用下会发生反应，结果会得到不断变化颜色的波纹。

4、大象牙膏反应

该反应是过氧化氢与钾碘化或碘化钠以及肥皂之间发生的分解反应，它会产生大量的泡沫，就像牙膏从管子里爆出来一样。此外，也可以在溶液中加入染料来制造更鲜艳的“牙膏”。然而，它是否能够清洁大象的牙齿，还有待验证。

5、人造雪反应

聚丙烯酸钠是一种有趣的聚合物，它具有极强的吸水和保水能力。因此，当水加入到这种交联聚合物中，它会立即与水化合，形成白色蓬松的团簇，彼此不粘在一起，看起来就像雪一样。

在几秒钟内，聚丙烯酸钠就能在纯水中吸水达到原先质量的500倍。如果添加一点荧光染料，在黑暗中观察，视觉效果将会变得更加梦幻。

6、冰火反应

铝、镁、锌等金属以及氧化铋、氧化铁等氧化剂构成了铝热剂的化学成分。这种化合物点燃后可以直接熔穿金属，用于铁路维修。

然而，铝热剂与过冷的冰或液氮反应并不那么有效。当放置在冰上的铝热剂着火时，冰会在很短的时间内释放出大量的能量，导致巨大的爆炸和耀眼的光芒。

7、糖果爆破反应

氯酸钾与糖果或其他糖源反应时，会产生紫罗兰色的火焰和大量的热量，这种反应已经在烟火中使用了几个世纪。糖含有大量的能量，人的身体通过逐渐打断糖分子中的化学键，慢慢地释放这种能量。然而，当所有的化学键同时断裂时，大量的能量会在短时间内以光和热的形式释放出来。

8、黑魔法反应

这种反应类似于法老之蛇反应，反应物为葡萄糖酸钙。虽然这种化合物看似稳定，当它们和燃料一起被点燃时，将会产生奇怪的泡沫。泡沫呈灰黑色，因为主要成分为碳。这是一个相对安全的实验，因为释放的气体为二氧化碳和水蒸气。

9、羽毛爆炸反应

三碘化氮（NI3）是一种极其不稳定的化合物，只要羽毛或者蚊子稍微碰一下机会发生爆炸，并释放出紫色的烟雾（碘单质）。

碘原子比较大，当三个这样大的原子与一个较小的氮原子结合时，就没有足够的振动空间，这就增加了分子中有待释放的张力。

10、看不见的“水”

最后一个并非是化学反应，而是一种物理现象。六氟化硫（SF6）是一种密度极高的气体，相当于空气的5倍。六氟化硫是透明的，并且是无味的。

六氟化硫会沉到空气的下方，能够让锡纸小船漂浮起来，使其看起来像是漂浮在水上。如果给锡纸小船倒入六氟化硫，小船会逐渐下沉。

   Chemistry is very interesting, all sorts of phenomena that this science can produce all round the explanation. a lot of people like chemistry, because a little chemical reaction can produce the visual result that makes a person fab,be. Will introduce the 10 chemistry that Dabukesai discusses to react below.

1, blackart oscillation reaction

This kind of reaction also is called " oscillation clock " , among them Briggs - Laosheer (Briggs-Rauscher) reaction is one of the commonnest chemical oscillation response. In this reaction, share reaction for 3 kinds of colorless and chemical material -- acidification iodine acerbity Potassium (KIO3 + H2SO4) , 2 acid mix third one water is vitriolic manganese (H2O of · of HOOCCH2COOH + MnSO4) solution, attenuant cross oxidation hydrogen (H2O2) .

Result, the color of solution is in colorless, amber and blue-black between continuously oscillation is made an appointment with 3 to 4 minutes.

2, the anguine reaction with old law

If think what reproduce Egypt in the lab is magical, this reaction suits very much. One of reactant are sulfur cyaniding mercury (Hg(SCN)2) , solid of this kind of white can pass nitric acid mercury in the lab or the precipitation reaction of chloridize mercury and Potassium of sulfur cyanic acid is made. After sulfur cyaniding mercury is ignited, can produce a kind of chain reaction, release an aerosol and cindery, grow a strip material that looks like a snake, because this gets a name " the snake with old law " .

"Snake " color can be changed through adding proper chemical substance. However, mercury is the chemical material with a kind of very strong noxiousness, need tread lightly.

3, kaleidoscope reaction

The wonderful part of this kind of reaction depends on, it is discovered by the accident. When chemist Boris · Bei Luo alls alone husband (Boris Belousov) the chemical model that in trying to build vivid cell, organic element oxidizes when, he observes reaction did not undertake complete, it is however between different color oscillation, resembling it seems that is a kaleidoscope.

In this reaction, bromine and organic acid (had better be third 2 acid) in metallic activator (like magnesium or chromium) the meeting below action produces reaction, the result can get the ripple of constant change color.

4, elephant toothpaste reaction

This reaction is to oxidize too hydrogen and potassium iodine are changed or iodine changes what happen between sodium and soap to decompose reaction, it can produce many foam, explode from pipe like toothpaste like coming out. In addition, also can join dye to make in solution more bright-coloured " toothpaste " . However, it whether can the tooth of clean elephant, still remain test and verify.

5, man-made snow reaction

Polypropylene acerbity natrium is a kind of interesting polymer, it is had extremely strong bibulous with the ability that defend water. Accordingly, in mixing polymer of this kind of cross-linking when water, it can close with to hydrate instantly, form the round bunch with fleeciness white, each other are not stuck together, resemble snow it seems that same.

Inside a few seconds, polypropylene acerbity natrium can be in pure water bibulous achieve 500 times of quality formerer. If add fluorescent dye, in the observation in darkness, visual effect will become more dream.

6, reaction glacial fire

The chemical part that the oxidant such as the metal such as aluminous, magnesian, zinc and oxidation bismuth, ferric oxide made thermite. After this kind of compound is ignited, OK and direct frit wears a metal, use at railroad maintenance.

However, the ice of thermite and super-cooling or liquid nitrogen react not so effective. Should place when ice thermit catchs fire, ice can release much energy inside very short time, bring about massive explosion and dazzling ray.

7, candy blows up reaction

When chloric acid Potassium and source of candied or other candy react, can produce the blaze of violet color and much quantity of heat, this kind of reaction had used a few centuries in fireworks. Candy contains much energy, the person's body passes the chemical bond in breaking candy molecule gradually, release this kind of energy slowly. However, when all chemical bond rupture at the same time, much energy can be inside short time release with light and hot form.

8, black blackart reaction

This kind of reaction is similar to the anguine reaction with old law, reactant is dextrose acerbity calcium. Although this kind of compound looks,be like stability, when be being ignited together when they and fuel, will produce strange foam. Bubble presents grey black, because bases is carbon. This is a relatively safe experiment, it is carbon dioxide and vapor because of the gas that release.

9, feather explosion reaction

3 iodine change nitrogen (NI3) it is a kind of compound that does not stabilize extremely, want feather only or mosquito touchs an opportunity to produce explosion a little, the aerosol that releases a purple (iodic simple substance) .

Iodic atom is bigger, when atom combines 3 so big atom and a lesser nitrogen, do not have enough oscillatory space, this increased the pulling force that remains to release in the element.

10, invisible " water "

The last be not is chemical reaction, however phenomenon of a kind of physics. 6 fluorine change sulfur (SF6) it is the gas with a kind of extremely high density, be equivalent to airy 5 times. It is transparent that 6 fluorine change sulfur, and be dull.

6 fluorine change sulfur to be able to sink airy lower part, can let tinfoil boat float rise, making its are looked like is to float on water. If give tinfoil boat to change sulfur into 6 fluorine, the boat can sink gradually.