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读句子学语法:非谓语动词的被动形式

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读句子学语法:非谓语动词的被动形式

在英语语法中,被动形式的使用非常多样化,涵盖了不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词等形式。了解这些被动形式的不同用法对于准确表达意图至关重要。不定式的被动形式可用于宾语、复合宾语等,而动名词的被动形式则常用于主语或宾语位置。现在分词和过去分词也各有其独特的用法,例如构成复合宾语或状语。通过对这些形式的深入了解,我们可以更准确地构建句子并传达所需的语义。


  <例句>

  I must ask to be excused.

  我得请求离开一会。

  <语法分析>

  不定式的被动形式用作宾语,此外还可用作复合宾语、定语、状语、主语和表语等。动名词的被动形式也可担任某些句子成分,如可作主语、宾语或介词宾语等。现在分词有时用于被动形式,可构成复合宾语,也可以作定语或状语等。过去分词本身就有被动意思,可以和系动词构成谓语,还可构成复合宾语和用作状语等。

  <触类旁通>

  (1) She begged to be forgiven.

  她请求宽恕。

  语法分析:不定式的被动形式用作宾语。

  (2) She didn't wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.

  她不希望在信里提及这个问题。

  语法分析:不定式的被动形式用作复合宾语。

  (3) Being offered such a job was sheer good luck.

  被给予这样一份工作纯属幸运。

  语法分析:动名词的被动形式作主语。

  (4) I watched the cargo, being hoisted on board.

  我看着货物被吊到船上。

  语法分析:现在分词的被动形式构成复合宾语。

  (5) Being well looked after, the baby was in perfect health.

  由于照顾的好,孩子的身体很健康。

  语法分析:现在分词的被动形式用作状语。

  (6) I don't want anything said about this.

  我不希望谁谈及此事。

  语法分析:过去分词构成复合宾语。

  <巩固练习>

  (1) He didn't like to _____[treat] as a child.

  (2) I'd like this room to _____[redecorate].

  (3) His ambition was to _____[make] a cinema actress.

  (4) She was far from _____[satisfy].

  (5) I saw him _____[carry] away on a stretcher.

  (6) _____[ask] to give a performance, she couldn't refuse.

  (7) _____[frustrate], he returned to his homeland.

  <参考答案>

  (1) be treated (2) be redecorated (3) be made (4) being satistied (5) being carried (6) Being asked (7)Frustrated


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