生化仪是采用光电比色原理来测量体液中的某种化学成分。血球分析仪是通过电阻法对血液中白丶红细胞,血小板进行分析。
生化自动分析仪的缩写是BIOCHEMICAL AUTOANALYZER(简称BCAA)。这个缩写是根据英文单词的缩写组合而成,其中Biochemical是“生化”的意思,Autoanalyzer是“自动分析仪”的意思,所以BCAA就代表着Biochemical Autoanalyzer这样一个设备。BCAA是一种在临床检验领域被广泛使用的自动化设备,它可以对人体血液、尿液等样品中的生化物质进行定量分析,可以快速准确地提供测试结果。这个技术已经被广泛应用于疾病的诊断、预后和治疗监测等领域。
主要有以下这些离子项目:BUN(尿素氮) K(血清钾) Na(血清钠) Cr(肌酐) Fe(血清铁) Ca(血清钙) UA(尿酸) Mg(血清镁) Cl(血清氯) CO2-Cp(二氧化碳结合力) Zn(血清锌) P(血清磷 其中离子选择电极法测的主要有 K(血清钾)、 Na(血清钠) Ca(血清钙)、 Cl(血清氯)、 CO2-Cp(二氧化碳结合力) ;
生化分析仪的原理是:由多束垂直单色光束照射比色杯内的有色液体,通过被测样品对光能量的吸收,由光电转换器(如光电管)将光信号转换成相应的电信号,该信号经放大、整流、并转换成数字信号,送入计算机,同时计算机控制驱动电力驱动滤光片轮和样品盘,计算机再根据用户选择的工作方式对测量数据进行处理、运算、分析、保存,打印机同时打印出相应的结果,Z后,在测完每组样品之后,进行比色杯清洗。
生化分析仪的仪器有不同的分类,其中按用途分:
1、管道分析仪:
管道分析仪的特点是将相同测量项目的样品和试剂混合后的化学反应通过同一管道中的流动过程完成。一般来说,这些仪器可分为空气分段系统型和非分段系统型。所谓空气分段系统,是指吸入管道中的每一个样品、试剂和混合反应液都被一小段空气隔开;非分段系统通过试剂空白或缓冲溶液分离每个样品的反应溶液。在管道分析仪中,空气分段系统是最多的,通常整个仪器由样品盘、比例泵、混合管、透析器、恒温器、比色计和记录仪组成。管道中的圆圈表示气泡,可以将样品和试剂分离成许多液柱,起到一定的搅拌作用。但是,气泡会影响比色,必须在比色前清除。
2、离心分析仪:
离心分析仪是1969年以后发展起来的一种分析仪。其特点是化学反应器安装在离心机的转子位置。圆形反应器被称为旋转头。首先,样品和试剂被放置在旋转头中。离心机启动时,盘内的样品和试剂在离心力的作用下相互混合反应,最后流入盘外圈的比色槽,用比色计检测。这种分析仪特点是:(1)在整个分析过程中,每一个步骤,如每一个样品和试剂的混合、反应和检测几乎是同时完成的,这与管道和离散分析仪的“顺序分析”不同,而是基于“同步分析”的原理设计的。样品量和试剂量均为微量,可快速分析。转头是这类分析仪的特殊结构。早期的旋转头由六个部分组成:传送板、比色槽、上下玻璃辊、上下套筒,这些部分已经被一次性成型的塑料制品所取代。
前者是用来分析血生化指标的,后者是做血常规的。
分立式为第二代自动生化分析仪,它与流动式的主要差别是每个待测样品与试剂混合间的化学反应都是分别在各自的反应皿中完成的。
它的主要优点是采用固相化学技术,即将试剂固相于胶片或滤纸小片等载体上。测定时使一定量的待测样品分布于一张试纸片上,一定时间后用反射光度计测定。
1可靠:广泛的检测菜单,同时可分析项目≥40个;智能的检测程序,智能防交叉污染,智能液面定位探测;
2先进的操作系统,新的图形用户界面,样本状态监控;
3完整的溯源性,提供配套的校准品,液体试剂盒和质控品,使结果更准确。
4实用,更少量的试剂使用量和反应体积,小的样本加样体积:1ul,小的试剂加样体积:10ul,小的反应体积:150ul;更少的消耗品:无特殊清洗液,免维护。
自动生化分析仪属于光学分析仪器,其检测原理是基于物质对光的选择性吸收,即分光光度法。
单色器将光源发出的复色光分成单色光,特定波长的单色光通过盛有样品溶液的比色池,光电转换器将透射光转换为电信号后送入信号处理系统进行分析。生化分析仪的工作波长一般为340—800nm,属于紫外可见分光光度法。V
1、打开电源开关,进入主界面。
2、预温约十分钟后,按项目键进入项目界面,移动光标选择要测量的项目,然后按参数键进入参数界面。
3、第一次测量前要按照所用试剂的参数对仪器中该项目的参数进行设置,全部正确修改完后按确定键保存。下一次再测该项目时,在项目界面中直接按调零键,进入调零即可,不用再进参数修改。
4、按吸液键吸入蒸馏水或空白液,等延时时间过后,屏幕左下角的吸光度显示区会显示出该液体的吸光度值,仪器会自动调零并排空。调零完后,若第一次测量,要对该项目进行定标,若以前定过标便直接按测量建进行测量,也可重新进行再定标。
5、按定标键进入定标界面后,然后按吸液键把配好的标准液吸入,系统会自动定标,在仪器显示屏定标因子栏会自动生成一定标因子。
6、再按测量键进入测量界面,这时可设置样本编号和检验员编号,按吸液键吸入相应编号的样品,仪器自动保存测量结果,再按吸液键吸入下一个样品,编号自动加一,这时若按打印键便可打印出实时报告。
7、若要测量同一个人另外的项目,按项目键进入项目界面,选择好项目后,重复上面的步骤,调零、定标、测量等等。注意在设置编号时,同一个病人各个项目的样本编号应一致。
8、在项目界面下按打印键便可进入打印界面,输入病人的编号,按确定键显示测量结果,按打印键打印综合报告。
9、在关机前应清洗比色系统,在任何界面下按清洗键都可进行清洗,清洗完后,再按清洗键进行排空。
10、关掉仪器开关,拔掉电源线插头,避免雷击损坏机器。 值得注意的是,半自动生化分析仪最好由专人保管,使用前需先读仪器说明书;严格遵守操作规程,如仪器出现故障应马上停止,立即向保管人或科室负责人报告,查明原因。
Biochemical appearance is to use photoelectricity colorimetric principle to measure humoral some kind of medium chemical composition. Corpuscular analyzer is to pass resistance standard to be opposite in blood white Piao red blood cell, plaque undertakes an analysis.
Biochemistry is automatic the abbreviate of analyzer is BIOCHEMICAL AUTOANALYZER (abbreviation BCAA) . This abbreviate is a basis the abbreviate of English word is combined and become, among them Biochemical is " biochemistry " meaning, autoanalyzer is " automatic analyzer " meaning, so BCAA is representing Biochemical Autoanalyzer a such equipment. BCAA is one kind is in clinical examine the automation device that the domain is used extensively, it can wait for the biochemical material in sample to undertake quantitative analysis to fluid of human body blood, make water, can provide test result well and truly quickly. The diagnosis that this technology has been applied extensively at the disease, prognosis and cure are monitored wait for a domain.
Basically have these the following leaving subproject: BUN (urea nitrogen) K (serum Potassium) Na (serum natrium) Cr (flesh anhydride) Fe (serum iron) Ca (serum is calcic) UA (make water is acerbity) Mg (serum magnesium) Cl (serum is chloric) carbon dioxide of CO2-Cp(;
The principle of biochemical analyzer is: By the coloured liquid inside cup of colorimetric of illuminate of beam of light of many bundles of perpendicular monochromatic, pass the absorption of the sample that be measured to light energy, by photoelectricity converter (like photoelectric cell) will smooth signal is changed into corresponding telegraphic date, enlarge of this signal classics, commutate, change into digital signal, send the computer, at the same time the computer controls filter of drive of drive electric power annulus with sample dish, the working way that the computer chooses according to the user again undertakes processing, operation, analysis to measuring data, save, printer prints a corresponding result at the same time, after Z, after surveying every groups of sample, undertake colorimetric cup is cleaned.
The instrument of biochemical analyzer has different classification, press utility cent among them:
1, conduit analyzer:
The characteristic of conduit analyzer is will identical the chemical reaction after the sample that surveys a project and reagent mix passes the process of going from place to place in same conduit to finish. Generally speaking, these instruments can be divided for air section system model with blame section system model. System of alleged air section, it is to point to each sample in inspiratory conduit, reagent and mixture reaction fluid to be separated by a paragraph of small air; Blame section system passes reagent blank or amortize solution departs the reaction solution of every sample. In conduit analyzer, air section system is most, normally whole apparatus by sample dish, scale pump, mixture canal, dialyzer, constant temperature implement, colorimeter and recorder composition. The circle in conduit expresses bleb, can become sample and reagent depart a lot of fluid post, have certain mix effect. But, bleb can affect colorimetric, must keep clear of before colorimetric.
2, centrifugal analyzer:
Centrifugal analyzer is a kind of analyzer that development rises after 1969. Its characteristic is chemical reactor installation the rotor position in centrifugal. Circular reactor is called to rotate first. Above all, sample and reagent are placed to be in rotate in the head. When centrifugal is started, dish the sample inside and reagent mix reaction each other below the action in centrifugal force, flow into the colorimetric chamfer of dish of outer lane finally, detect with colorimeter. Characteristic of this kind of analyzer is: (1) is in whole analysis process, each measure, if the mixture of each sample and reagent, reaction is mixed,detecting is finished at the same time almost, of this and conduit and disperse analyzer " ordinal analysis " different, be based on however " synchronous analysis " the principle designs. Sample quantity and reagent quantity all are minim, can analyse quickly. Turn a special structure that is this kind of analyzer. Inchoate whirl the head comprises by 6 parts: Deferent board, sleeve of roller of glass of colorimetric chamfer, fluctuation, fluctuation, these parts already by one-time shaping plastic products place is replaced.
Former it is to use analytic blood of biochemical index, latter is the convention that become blood.
Schism type is analyzer of the 2nd acting automatic biochemistry, the main difference of it and type of going from place to place is every are waited for measuring sample and reagent to mix the chemical reaction between is to part to be finished in respective reaction Min.
Its main good point is to use technology of solid photograph chemistry, be about to reagent originallies to go up at the carrier such as film or filter paper flake. When determining, make be waited for mensurably measure sample to distributing to try a scrip to go up at a piece, spend with reflex after proper time plan determine.
1 reliable: Detect extensively menu, can analyse project ≥ at the same time 40; Of intelligence detect program, intelligence prevents alternate pollution, fixed position of intelligent fluid side is explored;
2 advanced operating systems, new graphical user interface, example condition monitoring;
3 complete traceability, the calibration that provides form a complete set is tasted, reagent box mixes the liquid to accuse to taste character, make a result more accurate.
4 practical, the reagent of fewer quantity uses quantity and reaction volume, little sample book increases appearance volume: 1ul, small reagent increases appearance volume: 10ul, minor reaction volume: 150ul; Fewer running stores: Without special clear lotion, maintenance-free.
Automatic biochemistry analyzer belongs to optics to analyse an instrument, its detect the principle is to be based on material to be absorbed to light optionally, namely prismatic photometry.
Monochromatic implement give out illuminant answer shade is divided into monochromatic light, the odd shade of specific wavelengh has the colorimetric pool of sample solution through filling, photoelectricity converter is transmission light changeover telegraphic date evacuation to undertake an analysis into signal processing system. The working wavelengh of biochemical analyzer is commonly 340, 800nm, belong to ultraviolet and visible prismatic photometry. V
1 , open mains switch, enter advocate interface.
2, beforehand lukewarm after about ten minutes, by the project key enters project interface, mobile cursor chooses to want metrical project, enter parameter interface by parameter key next.
3, the parameter that reagent should use according to place before be being measured for the first time is right the parameter of this project in the instrument undertakes installing, after be being revised correctly entirely, save by affirmatory key. When surveying this project again the next time, press zero key directly in project interface, enter zero can, need not reentry parameter is revised.
4, press key suction fluid inspiratory distilled water or blank fluid, after waiting for delay time time to pass, screen is left the absorbance of next horn shows the area can show this liquid absorbance to be worth, the instrument will be automatic zero side by side empty. After zero is over, if be measured for the first time, want to undertake deciding award to this project, if had decided mark to be pressed directly before,measure build undertake metrical, also can undertake deciding award again afresh.
5, after entering the interface that decide award by the key that decide award, press key suction fluid next the standard juice that has mixed inspiratory, the system can decide award automatically, in the instrument indication screen decides mark factor column to be able to make fair bid factor automatically.
6, press again measure key to enter measure an interface, can set example number and inspector number at this moment, press key suction fluid the sample of inspiratory and corresponding number, the instrument is saved automatically measure an outcome, press key suction fluid again inspiratory next sample, number is added automatically one, if can print a real time by the key that print,report at this moment.
7, if want to measure same individual another projects, by the project key enters project interface, after choosing good project, repeat the measure above, zero, calm mark, measure etc. The attention is when setting number, same a patient the example number of each projects should agree.
8, the key that print is pressed below project interface the accessibility interface that print, input the patient's number, show by affirmatory key measure an outcome, print comprehensive report by the key that print.
9, closing colorimetric system should be cleaned before machine, press below any interfaces clean key to be able to undertake cleaning, after be being cleaned, press again clean key to have an air.
10, put out instrument switch, unplug outlet of power supply cord, shun machine of attaint of be struck by lightning. Notable is, semi-automatic biochemistry analyzer had better be kept by person specially assigned for a task, before using, need to read instrument manual first; Abide by operating rules strictly, if the instrument appears,breakdown should stop immediately, report to custodian or section office controller instantly, prove a cause.