教育科学研究的一般步骤是什么？英文双语对照

一、教育科学研究的一般步骤是什么？

教育科学研究的一般步骤通常包括以下几个阶段：确定研究问题：首先需要明确研究的问题是什么，这有助于为后续的研究提供明确的方向和目标。进行文献综述：查阅相关的学术文献，了解已有研究成果和观点，为研究提供理论支持和背景。制定研究计划：根据研究问题和文献综述的结果，制定详细的研究计划，包括研究方法、数据收集和分析、时间安排等。数据采集：根据研究计划，通过调查、观察、实验等方式收集数据。数据处理与分析：对收集到的数据进行处理和分析，以检验研究假设，并得出研究结果。撰写研究报告：根据研究结果撰写研究报告，包括研究目的、方法、结果、讨论等部分。发表研究成果：将研究报告提交给学术期刊或会议，进行同行评议和交流。需要注意的是，这些步骤并不是线性的过程，而是相互联系、相互影响的。在研究过程中，可能需要反复进行一些步骤，以不断完善和修正研究设计和方法。

二、基础教育科学研究的基本方法有？

教育科研的基本方法

调查法

调查法是教育科学研究中常用的基本研究方法之一。调查法通过各种方法与手段

，有目的、有计划地搜集研究对象或现象的材料，以发现规律性的问题，获得研究成果。用这种方法，我们可以了解教育工作中存在哪些成绩或问题，有什么经验和教训，今后的发展趋势如何，有时还可找到原因与结果的某些联系。

1．调查法的特点与要求

调查法有3个特点：①研究当前的教育现象，与历史法相区别；②间接的研究方法：不进行直接观察，通过访问、问卷、测验等手段搜集材料，与观察法相区别；③不控制研究对象，在自然状态下研究，与实验法不同。

但调查法可与其他方法结合使用。常运用它去研究范围较广的、涉及面较大的、时间延续较长的教育现象。

调查法的要求是：①选择的调查对象必须符合调查目的；②用各种不同的调查方法或综合使用各种方法，准确、全面地搜集材料；③调查中应特别注意事物之间的相互联系、制约和因果关系；④一切能够测量的材料要经过测量，一切材料都应准确无误地记录；⑤参加调查的工作人员必须采用统一的调查标准、统一的记录表格、统一的记录方式；⑥必须保持在自然条件下进行调查；⑦对每一件材料都要鉴定其真实性的程度。

2．调查法的手段

调查法的手段主要有问卷、访问（谈话法）、测验、评估、书面材料分析、开调查会等。

①问卷，也称填表法。问卷是研究者向调查对象用书面或通讯形式进行调查的一种手段。

②访问，也称谈话法。研究者通过跟调查对象或有关人员面对面的谈话来直接搜集材料。

③测验，通过考查的方式测定调查对象的某种特征的实验情况。测验的对象及对象特征要根据研究的目的和任务来定，测验的方式也随调查对象和特征的具体性质不同而异。

④评价，对教育设施、设备的调查可采用评价法。调查时，首先将调查项目和调查标志列成表格，在调查中按预定的评价办法和标准，逐项在表上记录规定的符号或数字。

⑤书面材料分析，通过搜集能正确反映研究现象的书面材料来进行分析的方法。书面材料大体可分为两类：一是反映某一地区或某所学校的教育工作的材料，二是反映教师教学工作的材料，三是反映学生学习情况的材料，四是反映学生课外和校外情况的材料等。

⑥开调查会，这是调查法中广泛使用的一种手段，可在较短时间里获得较全面的材料。

实验法

1．实验法的特点与要求

实验法是教育科学研究中常用的基本方法之一。所谓实验法，是在严格的控制变量的条件下，有组织的操纵实验措施，根据观察、记录、测定与此相伴随的现象的变化来确定条件与现象之间的因果关系的方法。实验法可分为实验室实验和自然实验。前者在实验室内进行，后者在自然情境中进行。教育科学研究一般采用自然实验法。

实验法的目的在于查明研究现象发生的原因，它能够检验某一理论或假设的正确性。有人称实验法为教育科学研究的灵魂。

2．实验设计的一般问题

实验设计的目的是力求用最少的人力、物力、时间去取得最多最有效的数据和材料，同时要最大限度地降低实验的误差。

实验设计方案必须说明以下几个问题：

①实验目的和操作定义

首先要说明实验要解决的问题及解决到什么程度。其次是说明操作定义。所谓操作定义是描述产生实验结果所作的操作活动的特点。

②实验对象的范围及分组情况

首先要说明选择什么性质的对象、选择的范围有多大、用什么方法选择；其次要说明如何进行分组；再次要说明哪一个为实验班，哪一个为对比班。

③实验结果的测定

首先要说明采取什么样的实验形式，是单组形式、等组形式还是轮组形式；其次要说明如何控制无关因素。

④实验结果的测定

首先要说明能够反映研究对象的观察指标。所谓观察指标就是收集材料的标准。总的说，既要有质的指标，也要有量的指标。其次，要说明测定的方式、分几次测定、什么时候测定。

⑤实验数据的处理

要说明进行统计检验的方法，要附有统计表格

三、教育研究方法有哪些？

1、教育实验研究法

教育实验研究法是研究者按照研究目的，合理地控制或创设一定的条件，人为地变革研究对象，从而验证假设，探讨教育现象因果关系的一种研究方法。

教育实验研究法通过对某些影响实验结果的无关因素加以控制，有系统地操纵某些实验条件，然后观测与这些实验条件相伴随现象的变化。

从而确定条件与现象间因果关系的一种研究方法。实验研究方法根据控制程度的不同可以分为真实验、准实验等。

2、教育行动研究

行动研究就是实践者为了改进工作质量，将研究者和实践者、研究过程与实践过程结合起来，在现实情境中通过自主的反思性探索，解决实际问题的一种研究活动。

教育行动研究是在实际情景中，由实际工作者和专家共同合作，针对实际问题提出改进计划，通过在实践中实施、验证、修正而得到研究结果的一种研究方法。

3、个案研究法

个案研究法亦称个案历史法。追踪研究某一个体或团体的行为的一种方法。它包括对一个或几个个案材料的收集、记录，并写出个案报告。

在现场收集数据的叫做“实地调查”。它通常采用观察、面谈、收集文件证据、描述统计、测验、问卷、图片、影片或录像资料等方法。

4、教育观察法

教育观察法是研究者在比较自然的条件下通过感官或借助于一定的科学仪器，在一定时间、一定空间内进行的有目的、有计划的考察并描述教育现象的方法。

其特点是目的明确、真实自然、直接翔实。根据不同的标准，教育观察法可以划分为不同的类别。教育观察法在教育科学研究中起着十分重要的作用。

具有自身优点，如简单易行，但也存在局限性。不同类型的教育观察法所需的设计有不同特点，但下列步骤是共同的：明确观察目的和内容；大略调查和试探性观察；选择观察方法；编制观察记录表。

5、文献法

文献检索是科学研究工作中一个重要的步骤，它贯穿于研究的全过程，是进行教育科学研究最常用的研究方法之一。

文献检索有广义和狭义之分，广义的文献检索是由文献贮存和文献检索两个部分构成的一个检索系统。狭义的文献检索则指根据检索课题。

利用一定的检索工具把所需要的文献及其线索查出的过程。文献法有利于全面正确地掌握所要研究问题的情况、现状，最大限度地利用已有的知识经验和科研成果。

帮助研究人员选定研究课题和确定研究方向；有利于为教育科研提供科学的论证依据和研究方法；避免重复劳动，提高研究效益；有利于拓展研究思路，发展创造性思维，提高课题研究的创新性。

四、教育科学研究的一般方法有哪些？

教育科学研究的方法有：

1.观察法

观察法是研究者依据一定的目的和计划.在自然条件下，对研究对象进行系统的连续的观察，并做出准确、具体和详尽的记录，从而获取经验事实的研究方法。观察法是教育科学研究中使用广泛的基本的研究方法。

2.调查法

调查法是研究者通过问卷、访谈等方式，有目的、有计划地搜集研究对象的有关资料.对取得的第一手资料进行整理和分析，从而揭示事物本质和规律，寻求解决实际问题的方案的研究方法。

3.历史法

历史法是通过考察事物发生和发展的历史事实，从而揭示其本质和发展规律的研究方法。对于中学教师来说，就是对所从事的教育教学工作过程加以回顾.通过分析和思考，将教育措施、教育现象与教育效果之间的关系的感性认识上升到理性认识的一种研究方法。

4.实验法

实验法是研究者按照研究目的，合理地控制或创设一定的条件，人为地影响研究对象，从而验证假设，探讨条件和教育对象之间的因果关系的研究方法。

5.行动研究法

行动研究法是指教师在现实教育教学情境中自主进行反思性探索。并以解决工作情境中特定的实际问题为主要目的的研究方法，它强调研究与活动一体化，使教师从工作过程中学习、思考、尝试和解决问题。

五、教育科学研究中最普遍的研究方法？

文献法，对比研究法，问卷调查法等。

六、教育研究的基本方法？

1.观察法

观察法是研究者依据一定的目的和计划.在自然条件下，对研究对象进行系统的连续的观察，并做出准确、具体和详尽的记录，从而获取经验事实的研究方法。观察法是教育科学研究中使用广泛的基本的研究方法。

2.调查法

调查法是研究者通过问卷、访谈等方式，有目的、有计划地搜集研究对象的有关资料.对取得的第一手资料进行整理和分析，从而揭示事物本质和规律，寻求解决实际问题的方案的研究方法。

3.历史法

历史法是通过考察事物发生和发展的历史事实，从而揭示其本质和发展规律的研究方法。对于中学教师来说，就是对所从事的教育教学工作过程加以回顾.通过分析和思考，将教育措施、教育现象与教育效果之间的关系的感性认识上升到理性认识的一种研究方法。

4.实验法

实验法是研究者按照研究目的，合理地控制或创设一定的条件，人为地影响研究对象，从而验证假设，探讨条件和教育对象之间的因果关系的研究方法。

5.行动研究法

行动研究法是指教师在现实教育教学情境中自主进行反思性探索。并以解决工作情境中特定的实际问题为主要目的的研究方法，它强调研究与活动一体化，使教师从工作过程中学习、思考、尝试和解决问题。

七、教育科学研究方法调查法的优缺点

教育科学研究方法调查法这种研究方法作为获取资料的便捷手段，在教育研究中经常用到，它的独特优势在于不受时间、空间限制，研究是在不干预研究对象的自然状态下进行的，而且研究手段多种多样。能够获得数量比较大的样本数据，具有较强的可信度

由于调查的方法在技术处理上相对来说比实验法和个案研究法等要简单一些，因此，可以根据需要选择足够大的样本进行研究。这是调查法的优势所在。许多调查研究都选择比较大的样本，其普遍性和代表性就比较强。

教育调查法有许多优点，但它也存在一定的局限：一是它只能揭示事物之间的某种关联（相关关系），而不能可靠地揭示事物之间的因果关系；二是由于调查研究双方的主观偏见所造成的调查结果的偏差，不一定真实。

八、教育研究方法分为哪五种？

1、教育实验研究法

教育实验研究法是研究者按照研究目的，合理地控制或创设一定的条件，人为地变革研究对象，从而验证假设，探讨教育现象因果关系的一种研究方法。

教育实验研究法通过对某些影响实验结果的无关因素加以控制，有系统地操纵某些实验条件，然后观测与这些实验条件相伴随现象的变化。

从而确定条件与现象间因果关系的一种研究方法。实验研究方法根据控制程度的不同可以分为真实验、准实验等。

2、教育行动研究

行动研究就是实践者为了改进工作质量，将研究者和实践者、研究过程与实践过程结合起来，在现实情境中通过自主的反思性探索，解决实际问题的一种研究活动。

教育行动研究是在实际情景中，由实际工作者和专家共同合作，针对实际问题提出改进计划，通过在实践中实施、验证、修正而得到研究结果的一种研究方法。

3、个案研究法

个案研究法亦称个案历史法。追踪研究某一个体或团体的行为的一种方法。它包括对一个或几个个案材料的收集、记录，并写出个案报告。

在现场收集数据的叫做“实地调查”。它通常采用观察、面谈、收集文件证据、描述统计、测验、问卷、图片、影片或录像资料等方法。

4、教育观察法

教育观察法是研究者在比较自然的条件下通过感官或借助于一定的科学仪器，在一定时间、一定空间内进行的有目的、有计划的考察并描述教育现象的方法。

其特点是目的明确、真实自然、直接翔实。根据不同的标准，教育观察法可以划分为不同的类别。教育观察法在教育科学研究中起着十分重要的作用。

具有自身优点，如简单易行，但也存在局限性。不同类型的教育观察法所需的设计有不同特点，但下列步骤是共同的：明确观察目的和内容；大略调查和试探性观察；选择观察方法；编制观察记录表。

5、文献法

文献检索是科学研究工作中一个重要的步骤，它贯穿于研究的全过程，是进行教育科学研究最常用的研究方法之一。

文献检索有广义和狭义之分，广义的文献检索是由文献贮存和文献检索两个部分构成的一个检索系统。狭义的文献检索则指根据检索课题。

利用一定的检索工具把所需要的文献及其线索查出的过程。文献法有利于全面正确地掌握所要研究问题的情况、现状，最大限度地利用已有的知识经验和科研成果

帮助研究人员选定研究课题和确定研究方向；有利于为教育科研提供科学的论证依据和研究方法；避免重复劳动，提高研究效益；有利于拓展研究思路，发展创造性思维，提高课题研究的创新性。

One, what is the common step that teachs scientific research?

The common step that teachs scientific research includes the following level normally: Study an issue certainly: What is the issue that needs clear research above all, this conduces to the research that is sequel providing clear direction and cause. Undertake document sums up: Consult relevant academic literature, understanding already had research achievement and point of view, provide academic support and backdrop for research. Make research plan: According to studying the result of problem and document overview, make detailed research plan, include research technique, data to collect wait with analysis, timeline. Data collects: The basis considers to plan, collect data through the means such as investigation, observation, experiment. Data processing and analysis: The data to be being collected undertakes handle and be analyticed, study hypothesis in order to examine, reach research result. Compose considers to report: Study a report according to studying result compose, include to study purpose, method, result, discuss wait for a part. Publish research positive result: research the report refers academic periodical or conference, have appraise sth through discussion of person of the same trade and communication. Those who need an attention is, these measure are not linear process, however of mutual connection, mutual influence. In studying a process, the likelihood needs to have a few move repeatedly, with be perfected ceaselessly and revising research design and method.

2, does the basic method that fundamental education studies scientificly have?

Teach the basic method of scientific research

Investigate a method

Investigating a method is one of commonly used spadework methods in teaching scientific research. Investigation law adopts all sorts of methods and measure

, the material of target of research of collect of purposeful, designedly or phenomenon, in order to discover the problem of regularity, score research gain. With this kind of method, we can exist in understanding education job what achievement or problem, have what experience and lesson, the development trend henceforth how, return the certain connection that can find reason and result sometimes.

1. Investigate the characteristic of the law and requirement

Investigation law has 3 characteristics: ① considers to teach a phenomenon currently, with distinction of historical law photograph; The research technique with indirect ② : Do not have direct observation, wait for method collect material through visit, questionnaire, exam, with observation law photograph is distinguished; ③ does not control research target, research leaves in natural state, differ with experimental law.

But investigation law can be used with other method union. Often apply it to study range is wider, involve an area bigger, the educational phenomenon with time longer continuance.

The requirement that investigates a method is: The investigation target that ① chooses must accord with investigation purpose; ② investigates a method with what all sorts of differring or use all sorts of methods integratedly, logging of search of accurate, comprehensive ground expects; Special attention answers in ③ investigation the mutual connection between the thing, restrict and causal; The material that everything can measure ④ wants a course to measure, all material answer accurate without by accident record; The staff member that ⑤ joins investigation must use uniform investigation standard, uniform record sheet standard, unified record means; ⑥ must maintain undertake investigating below natural condition; ⑦ wants identification to each material the degree of its authenticity.

2. Investigate the method of the law

The method that investigates a method basically has questionnaire, visit (conversational law) , exam, evaluate, written data analysis, attend a meeting investigation to wait.

① questionnaire, also say to fill out a form law. Questionnaire is investigator is used to investigation object written or a kind of medium that communication form has investigating.

② visit, also call a talk the law. Investigator investigates an object through following or concern personnel face-to-face the talk comes direct collect material.

③ exam, the kind that carries check determines the experimental case of some kind of feature that investigates an object. The object of exam and object feature want to be decided according to the purpose of research and task, the specific property that the means of exam also checks object and feature along with tone is different and different.

④ evaluation, to education the investigation of establishment, equipment can use evaluation technique. When investigation, list investigation project and investigation mark form above all, method and standard are evaluated by what book in investigation, item-by-item records formulary symbol or figure on the watch.

⑤ written material is analysed, through collect can correct report studies written data of the phenomenon will have analytic method. Written material cardinal principle can divide it is two kinds: It is the material that the education that reflects some area or some school works, the 2 material that are job of reflective teacher teaching, the 3 material that are circumstance of reflective student learning, the 4 material that are reflective student extracurricular and outside school circumstance.

⑥ attends a meeting investigation, this is a kind of uses extensively method in investigating a method, more overall data can be obtained in shorter time.

Experimental law

1. The characteristic of experimental law and requirement

Experimental law is one of commonly used basic methods in teaching scientific research. So-called test law, it is to be below the strict requirement that controls variable, have an organization operate experimental measure, will determine the causal method between condition and phenomenon according to the change of the observation, record, phenomenon that determines to be accompanied with this photograph. Experimental law can be divided for lab test and natural experiment. Former undertake inside the lab, latter undertakes in natural circumstances. Education considers scientificly to use natural experiment method commonly.

The purpose of experimental law depends on finding out the matter that studies phenomenal happening, it can examine the validity of some theory or hypothesis. Someone calls experimental law the soul that studies to teach science.

2. The average issue that the experiment designs

The purpose that the experiment designs is do one's best is obtained with least manpower, material resources, time most the validdest data and material, want utmost ground to reduce experimental error at the same time.

The experiment designs plan to must show the following issues:

① experiment purpose and operation are defined

The issue that should explain the experiment wants to solve above all and solve what degree. It is demonstrative operation definition next. Alleged operation definition is the characteristic of the operation activity that place of result of descriptive generation test makes.

The limits of ② experiment object and in group circumstance

The range that should show the target that chooses what property, choice above all has how old, choose with what method; Should explain how to undertake next in group; Again less important specification is experimental class which, which is comparative class.

Of ③ test result determine

Want a specification to take what kind of test form above all, it is only group form, wait for form form or annulus form form; Should explain how to be controlled next have nothing to do element.

Of ④ test result determine

Want a specification to be able to mirror the observation target that studies a target above all. Alleged observation index collects the standard of material namely. Say always, want to have simple index already, also want to have the index of the quantity. Next, the way that wants a specification to determine, cent second determine, when to determine.

The processing of ⑤ test data

Want to show the method that undertakes statistic examines, should express with statistic case

3, what does educational research technique have?

1, law of educational experiment research

Teaching an experiment to study a law is investigator according to research purpose, be controlled reasonably or the condition with certain activate, factitious ground changes research target, thereby hypothesis of test and verify, discuss a kind of research technique with educational causal phenomenon.

Educational experiment studies the law passes results of pair of certain influence test have nothing to do the element tries to control, operate scientifically certain experiment condition, next observation and the change that these experimental condition photographs accompany a phenomenon.

Define a kind of causal research technique between condition and phenomenon thereby. What basis of experimental research technique controls rate is different and OK cent is true test, accurate test to wait.

2, educational action research

The person that the action studies even if carry out works to improve quality, rise investigator and union of the person that carry out, research process and practice procedure, pass in actual circumstances review a gender independently to explore, solve the activity of a kind of research of real problem.

Teaching the action to consider is to be in actual scene, by actual worker and expert coact, put forward to improve a plan in the light of real problem, carry out through be in practice, a kind of test and verify, research technique that amend and gets study a result.

3, case research law

Case research way also calls a case history the law. Track a kind of method of the behaviour that studies certain body or group. It includes to be opposite or the collection of material of a few each cases, record, draw up a case report.

Be called in what the spot collects data " on-the-spot investigation " . It uses observation, interview normally, collect the means such as statistic of file evidence, description, exam, questionnaire, picture, film or kinescope data.

4, education watchs a way

Teaching observation law is investigator sense organ or have the aid of are passed below more natural condition at certain scientific instrument, the purposeful, calculated that undertakes inside proper time, certain space makes an on-the-spot investigation and the description teachs phenomenal method.

Its characteristic is a purpose clear, true nature, direct full and accurate. According to different level, educational observation law can differentiate for distinct category. Education observes the law is teaching the effect with in studying scientificly, rising very main.

Have oneself advantage, if go easily simply, but also put in limitation. The design that the education of different type observes to law place needs has different characteristic, but following measure is collective: Observe purpose and content clearly; Once-over and p reaper observe; The choice observes a means; The work out observes record sheet.

5, literature magic art

Document retrieval is an important step in studying the work scientificly, it is perforative the whole process at research, it is to undertake educational study one of the most commonly used research technique scientificly.

Document retrieval has the branch of broad sense and narrow sense, the document retrieval of broad sense is one when by document keep in storage and document retrieval two parts form retrieves a system. The document retrieval of narrow sense shows the basis retrieves a task.

Use certain retrieval the process of the document that the tool needs place and its clew fish. Literature magic art is helpful for mastering place correctly to want to study the circumstance of the problem, current situation in the round, utmost favourable geographical position is used already some intellectual experience and scientific research achievement.

Help researcher make choice of study task and affirmatory research way; Be helpful for offerring scientific argumentation basis and research technique to teach scientific research; Avoid to duplicate work, improve research beneficial result; Be helpful for extending research train of thought, develop creativity thinking, raise the innovation sex that the task studies.

4, what does the common method that teachs scientific research have?

The method that teachs scientific research has:

1. watchs a way

Watching a way is the goal with investigator stated basis and plan. Below natural condition, have successive observation of the system to studying a target, make accurate, specific with detailed notes, get the research technique of experience fact thereby. Extensive main research technique is used in observing the law is educational science research.

2. investigates a method

Investigating a method is investigator wait for means through questionnaire, interview, the concerned data of target of research of collect of purposeful, designedly. Undertake arrange and be analyticed to taking first-hand data, announce thereby thing essence and rule, seek the research technique of the plan that solves real problem.

3. history law

Historical law is the historical fact that happen through inspecting a thing and develops, announce thereby its essence and the research technique that develop the rule. To middle school teacher, the course of educational teaching job that pursues to place namely tries to review. Through analyse and thinking, a kind of research technique that rises the perceptual knowledge of the relation between phenomenon of educational measure, education and educational effect to rational understanding.

4. experiment law

Experimental law is investigator according to research purpose, be controlled reasonably or the condition with certain activate, factitious ground affects research target, thereby hypothesis of test and verify, discuss the causal research technique between condition and educational object.

Law of 5. action research

Action research law is in pointing to a teacher to teach education circumstances in reality, undertake the gender is explored thinking over independently. It is the research technique of main purpose in order to solve the specific real problem in working circumstances, it emphasizes research and mobile unifinication, make the teacher learns from inside working process, think, try and solve a problem.

5, the most general research technique in teaching scientific research?

Literature magic art, comparative research law, questionnaire investigates a law to wait.

6, the basic method that teachs research?

1. watchs a way

Watching a way is the goal with investigator stated basis and plan. Below natural condition, have successive observation of the system to studying a target, make accurate, specific with detailed notes, get the research technique of experience fact thereby. Extensive main research technique is used in observing the law is educational science research.

2. investigates a method

Investigating a method is investigator wait for means through questionnaire, interview, the concerned data of target of research of collect of purposeful, designedly. Undertake arrange and be analyticed to taking first-hand data, announce thereby thing essence and rule, seek the research technique of the plan that solves real problem.

3. history law

Historical law is the historical fact that happen through inspecting a thing and develops, announce thereby its essence and the research technique that develop the rule. To middle school teacher, the course of educational teaching job that pursues to place namely tries to review. Through analyse and thinking, a kind of research technique that rises the perceptual knowledge of the relation between phenomenon of educational measure, education and educational effect to rational understanding.

4. experiment law

Experimental law is investigator according to research purpose, be controlled reasonably or the condition with certain activate, factitious ground affects research target, thereby hypothesis of test and verify, discuss the causal research technique between condition and educational object.

Law of 5. action research

Action research law is in pointing to a teacher to teach education circumstances in reality, undertake the gender is explored thinking over independently. It is the research technique of main purpose in order to solve the specific real problem in working circumstances, it emphasizes research and mobile unifinication, make the teacher learns from inside working process, think, try and solve a problem.

7, the actor defect that teachs scientific research technique to investigate a method

This kind of research technique serves as law of investigation of educational science research technique those who get a data is convenient method, often use in teaching research, its distinct advantage depends on sufferring time, space to restrict, research is to be in what do not intervene undertake below the natural state that studies a target, and research method is varied. Can obtain an amount to compare big example data, have stronger reliability

Because the method of investigation is on technical divisions manage opposite for mix than experimental law a case research law should a few simpler, accordingly, can choose according to need enough big sample book undertakes study. This is the advantage place that investigates a method. A lot of investigation and study choose to compare big sample book, its catholicity and representative stronger.

Education investigates a law to have a lot of advantages, but it also puts in certain confine: It is it can announce only some kind of correlation between the thing (correlativity) , and cannot announce reliably between the thing causal; The 2 deviation that are the findings that causes as a result of the subjective bias place of both sides of investigation and study, not certain and true.

8, which 5 kinds is cent of educational research technique?

1, law of educational experiment research

Teaching an experiment to study a law is investigator according to research purpose, be controlled reasonably or the condition with certain activate, factitious ground changes research target, thereby hypothesis of test and verify, discuss a kind of research technique with educational causal phenomenon.

Educational experiment studies the law passes results of pair of certain influence test have nothing to do the element tries to control, operate scientifically certain experiment condition, next observation and the change that these experimental condition photographs accompany a phenomenon.

Define a kind of causal research technique between condition and phenomenon thereby. What basis of experimental research technique controls rate is different and OK cent is true test, accurate test to wait.

2, educational action research

The person that the action studies even if carry out works to improve quality, rise investigator and union of the person that carry out, research process and practice procedure, pass in actual circumstances review a gender independently to explore, solve the activity of a kind of research of real problem.

Teaching the action to consider is to be in actual scene, by actual worker and expert coact, put forward to improve a plan in the light of real problem, carry out through be in practice, a kind of test and verify, research technique that amend and gets study a result.

3, case research law

Case research way also calls a case history the law. Track a kind of method of the behaviour that studies certain body or group. It includes to be opposite or the collection of material of a few each cases, record, draw up a case report.

Be called in what the spot collects data " on-the-spot investigation " . It uses observation, interview normally, collect the means such as statistic of file evidence, description, exam, questionnaire, picture, film or kinescope data.

4, education watchs a way

Teaching observation law is investigator sense organ or have the aid of are passed below more natural condition at certain scientific instrument, the purposeful, calculated that undertakes inside proper time, certain space makes an on-the-spot investigation and the description teachs phenomenal method.

Its characteristic is a purpose clear, true nature, direct full and accurate. According to different level, educational observation law can differentiate for distinct category. Education observes the law is teaching the effect with in studying scientificly, rising very main.

Have oneself advantage, if go easily simply, but also put in limitation. The design that the education of different type observes to law place needs has different characteristic, but following measure is collective: Observe purpose and content clearly; Once-over and p reaper observe; The choice observes a means; The work out observes record sheet.

5, literature magic art

Document retrieval is an important step in studying the work scientificly, it is perforative the whole process at research, it is to undertake educational study one of the most commonly used research technique scientificly.

Document retrieval has the branch of broad sense and narrow sense, the document retrieval of broad sense is one when by document keep in storage and document retrieval two parts form retrieves a system. The document retrieval of narrow sense shows the basis retrieves a task.

Use certain retrieval the process of the document that the tool needs place and its clew fish. Literature magic art is helpful for mastering place correctly to want to study the circumstance of the problem, current situation in the round, utmost favourable geographical position is used already some intellectual experience and scientific research achievement

Help researcher make choice of study task and affirmatory research way; Be helpful for offerring scientific argumentation basis and research technique to teach scientific research; Avoid to duplicate work, improve research beneficial result; Be helpful for extending research train of thought, develop creativity thinking, raise the innovation sex that the task studies.