大学生如何才能做到心理健康？英文双语对照

有良好的人际关系和健全的人格，是大学生心理健康的一个重要标志，也是维护心理健康的重要条件。良好的人际关系，在学习生活中表现为：乐意与同学和老师交往，既有稳定而广泛的人际关系，又有自己的知心朋友，能客观评价他人和自己，喜人之喜，优人之优。取人之长，补己之短。而健全人格，是指心理和行为和谐统一的人格。大学生的健全人格包括：人格结构要素无明显的缺陷与偏差。具有清醒而正确的自我意识，不会产生自我同一性混乱。以积极进取的人生观作为自己人格的核心，并以此有效地支配自己的心理和行为。有相对完整统一的心理持征。如果一个大学生无端怀疑别的同学在讥笑他，不管别人怎样的解释，他总是固执己见，就是人格上的一种偏执，是心理不健康的表现。

另外，人格是否健康也是心理健康的另一个表现形式！

健康人格是个人在其生活经历中以其生活方式和生活风格逐步建立起来的一种自我意识，是人的世界观、心理素质、道德修养等方面的综合体现和重要标志，也是人能够准确把握自己、寻找适合自己发展的社会位置以及获得他人尊重和好感的基础。

大学生健康人格的主要内容应包括：

一：有正确的自我意识。具有健康人格的大学生对自己应有恰如其分的评价，充满自信，扬长避短，在日常生活中能有效地调节自己的行为，与环境保持和谐、平衡。

二：有良好的情绪调控能力。人格健康的大学生应具有调节和控制情绪的能力，经常保持愉快、开朗的心境，并且具有幽默感。当消极情绪出现时，能合情合理地渲泄、排解、转移、升华。

三：有良好的社会适应能力。人格健康的大学生能和社会保持良好的接触，以一种开放的态度主动关心社会、了解社会，观察所接触到的各种事物现象，能看到社会发展的积极面和主流并具有社会责任感。在认识社会的同时，能与时俱进，使自己的思想、行为跟上时代的发展，与社会的要求相符合，表现出能适应新的环境。

四：有和谐的人际关系。人格健康的大学生乐于与他人交往，能与别人建立良好的关系，与人相处时，尊敬、信任等正面态度多于妒忌、怀疑等消极态度；健康的大学生常常以诚实、公平、信任、宽容的态度对待他人，同时也受到他人的喜爱和接纳。

五：有乐观的生活态度。常常能看到生活的光明面，对前途充满希望和信心，对自己所从事的工作或学习抱有浓厚的兴趣，并在工作和学习中发挥自身的智慧和能力，获得成功。即使生活中遇到困难和挫折，也勇于面对，不畏艰险，勇于拼搏。

六：有健康的审美情趣。健康的审美情趣对于大学生树立审美观、人生观、科学的世界观、塑造健康的人格结构具有重要作用。具有高尚、健康的审美情趣，能提高自身的修养，自觉抵制各种不健康思想的侵蚀，追求更高的人生价值，实现人的自我完善。

然而，在以上这六点内容中，自我意识又是大学生心理是否健康的关键核心。

每个人的自我意识既是每个人的人格的核心。自我意识把人的愿望、爱好、欲念、习惯、利益结合成统一的体系，在日常生活中构成个人的内心世界，对人格的发展起着极为重要的作用。因此，我们完全可以用自我意识的发展程度来衡量一个人的心理成熟程度和心理水平。

自我意识又称自我观念或自我观，简单地说，就是自己对自己的认识。情绪的和意志的形式。因此，心理健康的标准，也可以从自己对自己的认识、自己对自己的态度、自己对自己的控制这三个方面来加以衡量。这就构成心理健康的三大标准。

一：正确地认识自己

古希腊人把“能认识自己”看作是人的最高智慧。阿波罗神殿的大门上写着一句箴言：“要认识你自己”。我们也常说“人贵有自知之明。”这些话都是很符合心理卫生原则的。

人不仅能认识客观世界，对周围的环境有所反应，而且也能反观自照，把自己作为被认识的客体，对自己的身体、欲望、能力、感情和思想有所反应。作为一个正常的人，对自己的做人的形象，从自己的身体和外貌、品德和才能、优点和缺点、特长和不足、过去和现状，以至自己的价值和责任，总会有一定的认识。然俄，自己对自己的这些认识是否符合自己的本来面目和实际情况，各人就会出现很多差异。有些人容易看到自己的优点和长处，而看不到自己的弱点和错误；有些人看到自己很多问题，但却看不到自己的主要问题；也有些人看到自己的弱点和不足，却看不到自己一点长处。可见人对自己的认识，也和人对客观世界的认识一样，需要有一个了解和学习的过程，并不像照镜子那样简单。“当局者迷”也就成了一句发人深省的警句。

另外，在日常生活中我们也常处于各种不同评价和议论的包围之中。有人会赞许、称颂你；有人会批评你、责备你；甚至还有人歧视你。那么在各种各样的议论中，究竟哪一个“你”是真实的“你”呢？在投向你的形形色色的目光中，你自己又能否准确无误地分辨呢？你是从这些评价和议论中汲取有益的营养丰富自己、改善自己呢？还是丧失了自主精神、淹没在他人的议论中呢？

二：愉快地接纳自己

人对自己的认识并不是一种抽象的概念，它本身就带有以比赛情感和态度，伴有自我评价的感情，即对自己是好感还是恶感，是满意还是不满意。心理卫生要求一个人对自己保持一种接纳的态度，而且是一种愉快而满意地接纳自己的态度。也就是说，人对自己的一切，不但要充分地了解、正确地认识，而且还要坦然地承认，欣然地接受。不要欺骗自己、拒绝自己，更不要憎恨自己。

孔子说：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。”从心理卫生的观点看，就是君子能自我悦纳，心情开朗，而小人不能接纳自己，故长自苦、自危、自惭、自卑、自惑，以致自毁。悦纳自己是一种心理状态，与客观环境、本人条件并不完全相关。有些人有生理缺陷，但很乐观；有些人五官端正，却并不欢喜自己；有些人并不富裕，却知足常乐；有些人有钱有势，却并不觉得快意。

据说古代有个皇帝，他拥有无数的财宝、无穷的权力，但还是觉得不快乐、不幸福。于是他就去问哲学家，究竟谁是最快乐最幸福的人。哲学家回答说：“他自己认为是最快乐、最幸福的人，就是一个最快乐最幸福的人。”

其实每个人都有优点，也都有弱点。但油人在发现自己的弱点和缺陷后，就当做包袱背起来，老是挂在心上。连自己的优点和长处也看不到了。，于是自己的精神优势就被缺点、弱点所压垮，自己的聪明才智、潜在能力就无从发挥。

成功的规律不是说只要悦纳自己就能成功，而是说不悦纳自己就无法成功。自卑的人虽也看到身边有许多有利条件和时机，但他总认为这些条件和时机是为别人准备的与自己并不相干，甚至认为自己根本不配接受这些条件和机会。因此他们就不努力奋斗，也没有和别人竞争的勇气。自卑的人就是这样替自己设置了许多障碍。没有一个人是能越过他自己所设置的障碍的。

马克思很欣赏这样一句谚语：“你所以感到巨人高不可攀，只是因为跪着。”不信你站起来试试，你一定能发现自己并注定比别人矮一截，许多事情别人能做到，自己经过努力也能做到，重要的是要悦纳自己，对自己要作肯定的评价，对自己的优点和力量要有自我感觉。

三：自觉地控制自己

本能一旦被意识到，它就要受意识所控制，本能也就人化和社会化了。例如，排泄是一种生物本能，对于动物来说，排泄是不择时间、地点，启动他的排泄本能。但是对于一个正常的成年人，就决不会不择时间、地点，随意大小便。这使命一切生物本能在文明人身上表现的时候，都要受意识所控制。如果一个人的生物本能得不到意识和理智的过滤，那么他就永远也不能上升为人的心理，这个人的生物本能比作一匹野马，人的理智就像缰绳，没有缰绳的马是一匹未经驯服的野马，而有缰绳控制的马，才是一匹有用的马。只有用自己的意志努力去服从自己的理智，自觉地支配自己去实现自己的目的，我们才能通过对自身的支配去支配世界。

历史上有不少不可一世的人能控制一支军队、一个国家，但却不能控制自己，最终身败名裂。古今中外的思想家都曾提到用理智控制自己，是做人的一种基本准则。我国的孔子强调修己和克己。古希腊的柏拉图提出：“节制是一种秩序，一种对于快乐和欲望的控制。”亚里斯多德说：“人与动物的区别，正在于置行为与理智”、“不仅应把那对自己的欲望取得胜利的人看作是勇敢的人，而且也应把那对自己的欲望取得胜利的人看作是勇敢的人。”经过他们的提倡，“节制”被定为古希腊的四德（智勇义节）之一。后世的思想家在发挥和修正这些学说时，也都一致强调理智对个人的约束作用。这些理论的局限是自不待言的，但是他们强调人的行为应自觉地受意识和理智的控制，却反映了人类社会生活的客观要求和人类历史发展的归会。从心理卫生的角度看，自我控制是自我心理结构中最重要的调节机理，也是心理成熟的最高标志。

Have good human relationship and sound moral quality, it is a of undergraduate mental health important sign, also be the fundamental condition that maintains mental health. Good human relationship, in studying the life expression is: Interact gladly with classmate and teacher, have stable and extensive human concern already, have oneself intimate again, other of can objective evaluation and oneself, satisfactory happy event, the actor of actor person. Take the person's length, of filling oneself short. And sound moral quality, it is the character that shows psychology and behavior harmony are unified. Sound moral quality of the undergraduate includes: Character structure element does not have apparent blemish and deviation. Have sober and correct self-awareness, won't produce ego oneness disorder. Regard people on one's own side as the core of case with the philosophy of active enterprising, dominate oneself psychology and action effectively with this. Relatively complete and unified psychology is held proof. If an undergraduate for no reason suspects other classmate is laughing at him, without giving thought to others what kind of explanation, he always is bigoted, it is character a kind when go up cranky, it is the expression with insalubrious psychology.

Additional, spirit is healthy the another expression form that also is mental health!

Healthy spirit is the individual lives in its a kind of with its lifestyle and life style work up rise self-awareness in experience, the synthesis of the respect such as training of quality of the world outlook that is a person, psychology, ethics shows and important sign, also be a person can accurate hold oneself, search the social position that fits oneself to develop and the base that gain other to respect become reconciled to feel.

The main content of undergraduate health character should include:

One: Have correct self-awareness. The undergraduate that has healthy moral quality is due to oneself the evaluation of appropriate, be full of self-confidence, foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, adjust effectively oneself behavior, maintain harmony, balance with the environment.

2: Have capacity of good mood adjusting control. The undergraduate of character health should have the capacity that adjust and controls a mood, often keep happy, optimistic mood, and have sense of humor. When negative sentiment appears, can discharge of ground of fair and reasonable washing with watercolors, untangle, move, sublimate.

3: Good society gets used to ability. The undergraduate of character health can maintain good contact with the society, with a kind open manner cares society, understanding society actively, all sorts of thing phenomena of lookout bring into contact with, the active face that can see the society develops and mainstream have social sense of responsibility. In understanding society while, can with when all is entered, make oneself thought, behavior catchs up with the development of the times, close with requirement conform to of the society, show can get used to new environment.

4: Have harmonious human concern. The undergraduate of character health is happy to interact with other, can establish good relationship with others, when getting along with the person, the openly manner such as respect, accredit over envy, the negative attitude such as suspicion; Healthy undergraduate often treats another person with honest, fair, accredit, lenient attitude, also get at the same time of other love and admit.

5: Have hopeful life attitude. Often can see the bright face of the life, be full of hope and confidence to the future, the job that pursues to oneself or study hold strong interest, develop the wisdom of oneself and ability in the job and study, score a success. Although difficulty and setback are encountered in the life, also be brave in to face, take the bull by the horns, be brave in to go all out in work.

6: Have healthy aesthetic interest. The world outlook that healthy aesthetic interest establishs aesthetic view, philosophy, science to the undergraduate, character structure that shapes health has main effect. Have exalted, healthy aesthetic interest, what can raise oneself is cultural, boycott all sorts of insalubrious thoughts self-consciously erode, pursue higher life value, the ego of implementation person is perfect.

However, in above content is medium this at 6 o'clock, self-awareness is the crucial core with undergraduate whether healthy psychology.

The self-awareness since of everybody the core of the character of everybody. Self-awareness links the person's desire, hobby, desire, habit, increase into centralized system, inner world of the individual is made in daily life, having very main effect to the development of character. Accordingly, the psychological maturity degree that the development rate that we can use self-awareness completely will come to judge a person and psychological level.

Self-awareness says self concept or ego are watched again, say simply, it is oneself are known to oneself. The with the volition form of the mood. Accordingly, the standard of mental health, also can be opposite from oneself oneself are oneself understanding, right oneself manner, oneself control these 3 respects to try to measure to oneself. This makes the 3 old standards of mental health.

One: Know oneself correctly

Gu Xila's person " can know oneself " the highest wisdom that regarding is a person. There is an admonition on the gate of Apollo shrine: "Should know yourself " . We often also say " the person is expensive have self-knowledge. " these words are very accord with mental hygiene principle.

The person can know objective world not only, react somewhat to the environment all round, and also can watch instead illuminate oneself, regard the object that is recognized as oneself, react somewhat to oneself body, desire, ability, feeling and thought. As a normal person, to oneself figure that be an upright person, the body from oneself and appearance, moral character and ability, advantage and defect, specialty and inadequacy, past and current situation, him down to value and responsibility, total meeting has certain knowledge. Like that presently, whether do oneself accord with oneself true colors and actual condition to these oneself understanding, each one can appear a lot of difference. Some people see his advantage and advantage easily, and the weakness that cannot see oneself and mistake; Some people see him a lot of problems, but the main problem that cannot see oneself however; Also some of person sees his weakness and inadequacy, cannot see oneself however a bit good qualities. Visible person is known to his, also be opposite with the person the understanding of objective world is same, need has the process of an understanding and study, do not resemble looking in the mirror simple in that way. "Authorities person fan " also became thought-provoking epigrammatic.

Additional, in daily life we often also are in all sorts of different assessments and comment surround in. Somebody is met favorable, extol you; Somebody can criticize you, blame you; Return somebody to discriminate against you even. So in various comment, after all which " you " be true " you " ? In delivering the mixed view to you, yourself whether accurate do not have by accident resolution? Are you from the derive in these evaluations and comment beneficial nutrition abounds him, improve oneself? Still lost own mind, in flooding the comment in other?

2: Admit oneself happily

The person is not a kind of abstract concept to his understanding, itself is contained with match affection and manner, companion has the feeling that ego evaluates, it is good impression or ill feeling to oneself namely, it is satisfactory dissatisfactory still. Mental hygiene asks a person maintains a kind of admitted attitude to oneself, and it is a kind of manner that admits oneself approvingly. That is to say, the person is right everything oneself, not only should know correctly, and even calm ground admits, joyfully the ground is accepted. Do not cheat oneself, reject oneself, should not hate oneself more.

Confucius says: "Gentleman is magnanimous swing, lilliputian grows Qi Qi. " look from the viewpoint of mental hygiene, it is gentleman can ego is liked, the mood is optimistic, and Lilliputian cannot admit him, reason grows to be sufferred from oneself, high oneself, from feel ashamed, self-abased, from be puzzled, self-destruction of as a result. Liking his is a kind of mentation, not as complete as external environment, him condition relevant. Some people have physiology drawback, but very hopeful; Some people facial features is regular, do not jubilate however oneself; Some people are not wealthy, however Chang Le of content with one's lot; Some people have money situation, do not feel pleased however.

Allegedly ancient time has a czar, he has countless money and valuables, boundless power, but still feel joyless, unfortunate blessing. Then he asks philosopher, after all who is the happiest the happiest person. Philosopher answer says: "He himself considers as the the happiest, happiest person, namely the happiest the happiest person. Namely the happiest the happiest person..

Actually everybody has an advantage, also have a weak point. But oily person is after the weakness that discovers his and blemish, should do package back, often hang on the heart. The good point that connects oneself and good qualities also cannot see. , then oneself mental advantage is collapsed by place of defect, weakness, oneself intelligence an wisdom, potential faculty is developed with respect to have no way.

Successful rule is not to say to want to like his to be able to succeed only, say vinegary him accept cannot succeed however. Although self-abased person also sees beside have a lot of advantage and opportunity, but what he always thinks these conditions and opportunity are to be others to prepare is as irrelevant as oneself, think oneself do not deserve to accept these conditions and opportunity at all even. Accordingly they do not make arduous efforts, also do not have the courage that competes with others. Self-abased person set a lot of barriers for oneself so namely. Neither one person can cross the barrier that he himself sets.

Marx very admire a such adage: "You feel giant too high to reach so, because,be only on bended knees. " do not believe you to stand up try, you can discover yourself certainly and be destined to compare others short one cut, a lot of business other people can be accomplished, oneself also can be accomplished through effort, important is to should like his, want positive opinion to oneself, want to have find oneself to oneself advantage and force.

3: Control oneself self-consciously

Once instinct is realized, it is about to get recognizant place control, also be changed with respect to the person instinctively and socialization. For example, excreting is instinct of a kind of biology, to the animal, excreting is not choose time, place, start him excrete instinct. But normal to adult, will never not choose time, place, optional relieve oneself. All biology instinct are in this mission when be being behaved on Christian body, want to get recognizant place control. If the biology of a person is natural,cannot get consciousness and reason filter, so he also cannot rise forever the psychology of humanness, the biology instinct assimilate to of this person a bronco, the person's reason resembles bridle, the horse that does not have bridle is without domestic bronco, and have bridle pilot horse, just be an useful horse. The volition that uses oneself only is subject to hard oneself reason, control oneself self-consciously to achieve oneself goal, we just can pass pair of oneself control go dominating the world.

The person that there are many consider oneself unexcelled in the worlds on the history can control an an army, country, but incontrollable however oneself, final be utterly discredited. The ideologist of at all times and in all over the world ever was mentioned control oneself with reason, it is a kind of when be an upright person basic standard. The Confucius of our country emphasizes repairing oneself and self-denying. Gu Xila's Plato puts forward: "Abstemious it is a kind of order, a kind of control to joy and desire. " the Aristotle says: "The distinction of person and animal, depending on buy behavior and reason " , " answering to regard the person that gains a victory to his desire then not only is ironside, and also should be opposite that oneself desire obtains triumphal person to regard is ironside. " advocate through theirs, "Abstemious " the 4 heart that are decided to be Gu Xila (section of Zhi Yong justice) one of. When the ideologist of later ages is being developed and amending these doctrine, emphasize reason consistently also the tie action to the individual. These academic confine are self-evident, but the control that they stress the person's behavior should getting consciousness and reason self-consciously, of the external demand that reflected human society life however and human history development return meeting. Look from the angle of mental hygiene, ego control is the most important adjustment in ego psychology structure mechanism, also be the top mark with mature psychology.